Prisha Rupesh Dalal

SUPW
 SUPW PROJECT
2021-2022

PRISHA DALAL
GRADE 10-B

CREATIVE ACTIVITY
PEN STAND
MATERIALS REQUIRED
~ an empty plastic
bottle
~ acrylic paint and
brushes
~ scissors
~ knife
~ some decorative
items like beads , glitter etc
~tape
PROCEDURE
• Take the plastic
bottle and cut the
top portion of it
which is about 12cm
from the base
• Make the sure the
edges are not too
sharp as it may hurt
you. In order to smoothen the edges , gently
 heat it on the stove and push the edges in .
One can also apply
tape and cover it.

• Next take a colour of

your choice and paint
the entire stand with it
. Apply 2-3 coats of
paint for a better look.

• After it dries
decorate the stand
with decorative tapes
and beads. I have
used white paint and
beads
ADVANTAGES OF RECYCLING MATERIALS
• Reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills
and incinerators
• Conserves
natural
resources such
as timber,
water and
minerals
• Increases economic security by tapping a
domestic source of materials
• Prevents pollution by reducing the need to
collect new raw materials
• Saves energy
• Supports
American
manufacturing
and conserves
valuable
resources
• Helps create jobs in the recycling and
manufacturing industries
POSITIVE IMPACT OF RECYCLING ON THE
ENVIRONMENT
~ Recycling Maintains
Oxygen Levels
~ It Reduces Landfill
Waste
~ It Conserves Energy
~ It Saves Natural Habitats
~ Recycling Cleans the Oceans
~ It reduces pollution and keeps the environment
clean
~ Recycling
reduces energy
consumption
~It also
conserves the
energy resources
 SUPW PROJECT
2021-2022

PRISHA DALAL
GRADE 10-B

SOCIAL ACTIVITY
MANGROVE FORESTS
Mangrove Forests
What are mangrove forests ?
Mangroves are nothing but the woody trees that exist and grow in the
inter-tidal regions of sheltered shores. Mangroves have unique
property to tolerate saline water.
There are many species of
mangroves like Thespesia
populnea, Pongamia pinnata,
Ceriops tagal,Terminalia catappa,
Heritiera littoralis, Barringtonia
rademosa, Xylocarpus granatum.

Location of
mangrove forests:-
Sundarbans is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of
the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It
spans from the Hooghly
River in India's state of West
Bengal to the Baleswar
River in Bangladesh's division
of Khulna. It comprises closed
and open mangrove forests,
land used for agricultural
purpose, mudflats and barren
land, and is intersected by
multiple tidal streams and
channels
In the delta region of
Brahmani-Baitarani rivers, lies Odisha’s Bhitarkanika Mangroves. It is
spread over an area of 251 sq km.
The mangrove forests are a part of the larger coastal ecosystem that
comprises Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary and Bhitarkanika National
Park.
Significance of mangrove forests :-
• Mangroves have great
unique features of
absorbing excess
water and hence play
an important role
during flood.
• They prevent those
people living near
coastal areas from
strong winds, tidal
waves and even
tsunamis. They act as a buffer between land and sea. They also prevent
coastal erosion.
• Mangrove forests provide home to a number of aquatic organisms like
fishes crabs, crocodiles, etc; terrestrial organisms like snakes, tigers,
etc and aerial organisms such as birds.
• Mangrove forests are ideal sites for experimental studies of
biodiversity and ecosystem function due to their unique features.
• Fishes like sardines, prawns,
seer
mangrove forests.
• Mangroves provide timber and
fuelwood. It is an interesting fact
that mangrove's wood has high
calorific value and hence its
demand in market is more. Their
leaves and branches can be used
as fodder for cattle.
• Leaf juice and roots of Ceriops
tagal are used to cure malaria, skin diseases problems, etc. Roots and
fruits of Barringtonia racemosa are utilized to cure cough, asthma and
diarrhoea.
• Some species of parts of mangroves are poison in nature. Hence they
are used to manufacture insecticides and pesticides.
Threats to mangrove forests :-

1)Coastal development-
Coastal development may be
the primary threat to
mangroves. Not only are the
forests lost when a coast is
developed, but a man-made
structure almost always
replaces them. That structure
(e.g., a hotel, desalination
plant, coal-fired power plant,
nuclear plant, port facility,
marina, cruise ship dock)
inevitably brings with it associated issues of altered hydrology, erosion,
and pollution.

2)Climate change-
Climate change is causing two
important impacts along the world’s
coastlines. Sea levels are rising and
the chemistry of the oceans is
shifting . The rates at which these
impacts are occurring is likely to
exceed the ability of mangrove
forests and the species that live
within them to adapt .
In areas with upland coastal
development, mangroves cannot
retreat landward. Mangroves around
the world are adapted to specific tidal regimes. If they spend increasing
amounts of time inundated, at some point they will not be able to rid
themselves of the ocean salt quickly enough, and will whither and die.
They will also not receive the nutrients and sediment from freshwater
flowing seaward that they require to survive. Compounding this, as the
ocean becomes more acidic, mangrove animals with shells and other
hard structures (e.g., oysters, snails, crabs, sea stars) will have an
increasingly difficult time taking up calcium carbonate from seawater,
leaving them with developmental deformities and thin, less protective
shells as adults.

3)Deforestation-
Most destructive uses of mangrove forests require their removal. The
motivations behind
deforestation
include direct use
of the mangrove
wood and leaf
products, use of the
wetland habitat, or
complete fill and
conversion for
coastal
developments.
Deforestation for
fuel & timber
accounts for the ongoing loss of approximately 26 percent of existing
mangroves . Mangrove reforestation has had very low success,
although new hydrology-based methods may be more promising . Even
so, we cannot rely on reforestation to prevent mangrove loss. These
fragile and rare ecosystems are being lost at such a tremendous rate
that mangrove experts predict that without changes to current
practices, mangroves will be functionally extinct in less than a century .
A world without mangroves
means a world without most
fisheries, without bioshields
from storms, and without many
bird and other species. The loss
of mangroves as a unique
habitat would directly jeopardize
more than a billion of the world’s
human population.
Conservation of mangrove forests :-
The government of India has announced mangroves as ecologically
sensitive regions under the Environmental Protection Act of 1986. The
Coastal Zone Regulation
Notification of 1991 prohibits
developmental activities
and disposal of wastes in
mangrove regions. In 1996,
the Supreme Court of India
brought mangroves under
the definition of forests,
this judgement has helped
in notifying some mangrove
forests, such as
Bhitarkanika in Orissa and Sunderbans in West Bengal, as sanctuaries.
In the light of the 1999 super cyclone in Orissa and the significant role of
mangroves coastal protection, this ecosystem was declared as
ecological hotspots and they now have the highest degree of legal
protection.

Methods adopted to conserve mangroves

• Maintaining the flow of tidal
currents to ensure healthy growth
of mangroves.
• Possible ways to stop
Eutrophication and soil erosion in
mangrove forests.
• Nutrient recycling by maintaining
mangrove and associated forest
species.
• Control of tourism on mangrove
forests.
• Discouraging sand dredging and quarrying.
• Activities to minimize sedimentation.
• Controlling water and land pollution.
• Reintroduction and restoration of degraded mangroves.
Bibliography :-
~ Threats | mangroves.elaw.org
~ Mangroves: Importance, Uses And Conservation
(indiastudychannel.com)
~ https://www.epa.gov/recycle/recycling-basics
~ https://biofriendlyplanet.com/nature/environment/the-
positive-effect-of-recycling-on-the-environment/
~ roadrunnerwm.com/blog/positive-impacts-of-recycling

Acknowledgements:-
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
my teacher Madhurina maam who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i
came to know about so many new things .I am really
thankful to them.
Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project
within the limited time frame. I couldn’t have done it
without them .