0654/33/o/n/22 © Ucles 2022

2
1 (a) A student investigates the germination of pea seeds.
The student places pea seeds in test-tubes with different conditions and records whether the
seeds germinate.
Table 1.1 shows the conditions for each test-tube.
Table 1.1
test-tube water present? oxygen present?

A yes yes
B yes no
C no no
D no yes
(i) Predict in which test-tube the pea seeds will germinate.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State one other requirement for germination that is not tested in Table 1.1.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) After the seeds germinate, the plant photosynthesises.
(i) Complete the sentence to define photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants manufacture
..................................................... from raw materials using energy
from ..................................................... . [2]
(ii) State the two raw materials needed for photosynthesis.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Peas contain protein.
State the name of the smaller molecules from which protein is made.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

3
2 (a) Petroleum is a fossil fuel.
State the name of one other fossil fuel.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Petroleum is separated into useful fractions by fractional distillation.
State why fractional distillation is a physical change and not a chemical change.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The fractions obtained from petroleum have different uses.
On Fig. 2.1, draw one line from each fraction to its use.
One line has been drawn for you.
fraction use
cooking fuel
bitumen
diesel engine fuel

gas oil
petrol engine fuel

gasoline
road surfaces
Fig. 2.1
[2]
(d) Ethane and ethene are both found in petroleum.

Ethane, C2H6 , is an alkane. Ethene, C2H4 is an alkene.
(i) Explain why ethene is described as being unsaturated.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22 [Turn over

4
(ii) State the chemical test used to distinguish between an alkane and an alkene.
Describe the observation for an alkane and for an alkene.
test ....................................................................................................................................
observation for alkane
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
observation for alkene
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(iv) Complete Fig. 2.2 to show the structural formula of ethane, C2H6.
C C
Fig. 2.2
[2]
(v) Ethene molecules react together when heated to make a polymer.
State the name of the polymer made from ethene.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

5
(c) The submarine is powered by a small nuclear reactor.

Ionising radiation is released in the reactor.
The reactor must be shielded to protect the crew from this radiation.
(i) State how exposure to ionising radiation can affect the human body.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Suggest a material which can be used to shield a nuclear reactor and stop α-radiation
and β-radiation escaping.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

6
(d) Plutonium-239 (Pu-239) is the nuclear fuel used by the submarine.

Pu-239 has a half life of 24 000 years.
A small sample of Pu-239 has a mass of 1.0 g.
Calculate the mass of Pu-239 remaining after 96 000 years.
mass = ........................................................... g [2]
(e) When it is under the water, the submarine uses a periscope to view a ship on the surface of
the sea.
Fig. 3.2 shows a simple periscope.
ship
on surface
mirror
periscope
observer
looking at mirror
object
Fig. 3.2
On Fig. 3.2, draw a ray of light from the ship to the observer’s eye to show what happens to
the light ray as it passes through the periscope. [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

7
4 (a) Scientists investigate diffusion by measuring the distance travelled by two different dyes
X and Y.
They place the dyes on agar plates and measure the distance travelled every 15 seconds.
Fig. 4.1 shows the results plotted on a graph.
14
12
10
distance 8
travelled
by dye 6
/ mm
4
0
0 15 30 45 60
time / seconds
Key
X potassium manganate(VII)
Y methyl orange
Fig. 4.1
(i) Describe the general trend shown by both dyes in Fig. 4.1.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) The dyes move through the agar by diffusion.
The scientists calculate the average rate of diffusion for dye X after 30 seconds as:
distance travelled 11
= = 0.37 mm / s
time taken 30
Calculate the average rate of diffusion for dye Y after 30 seconds.
.......................................................................................................................... mm / s [2]
8
(b) Describe the direction of motion of particles during diffusion.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Substances move into and out of cells by diffusion.
(i) State the part of the cell that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Circle two substances that diffuse into cells for respiration.
carbon dioxide fatty acids glucose
oxygen starch water

[2]
(d) Table 4.1 shows some components of plant cells and their function.
Complete Table 4.1.
Table 4.1
component of plant cell function
contains cell sap to support the plant cell
cytoplasm
where photosynthesis occurs

[3]
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

9
5 (a) The list below shows the formulae of six molecules.
CH4 Cl 2 CO N2 NH3 O2
Identify which of the molecules from the list is:
(i) an ammonia molecule
...................... [1]
(ii) a molecule used in the treatment of water
...................... [1]
(iii) a molecule formed during the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances
...................... [1]
(iv) the molecule of the gas that is 78% of clean dry air
...................... [1]
(v) a molecule that contains four covalent bonds.
...................... [1]
(b) Lime (calcium oxide) is made from limestone (calcium carbonate) by thermal decomposition.
(i) State the name of the other product of this reaction.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calcium carbonate is not a fertiliser but is often added to soil.
Explain why calcium carbonate is often added to soil.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) List the three essential elements needed in a fertiliser.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 9]

10
6 Bats use the reflection of sound waves to determine the position of objects.
Fig. 6.1 shows a bat, and a moth flying in front of the bat.
moth
sound waves
emitted by bat
Fig. 6.1
(a) State the name given to a reflected sound wave.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Some bats are able to detect ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation is part of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) On the incomplete electromagnetic spectrum shown in Fig. 6.2, place ultraviolet in the
correct position.
X-rays infrared radio waves
Fig. 6.2
[1]
(ii) State which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the lowest frequency.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) A bat produces a sound wave with a frequency of 200 kHz and a wavelength of 0.0016 m.
(i) Draw straight lines to link each wave term to its definition.
term definition
distance between the peaks on

amplitude
consecutive waves
maximum displacement
frequency
of points on a wave
number of waves passing a

wavelength
fixed point per second
[2]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

11
(ii) Explain why a human cannot hear the sound emitted by the bat.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) The bat changes the frequency of the sound it produces from 200 kHz to 250 kHz.
State what happens to the pitch of the sound.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]

12
7 (a) Students in a school measure their hand-span.
Fig. 7.1 is a photograph showing the measurement that each student takes.
Fig. 7.1
Fig. 7.2 is a histogram showing the results.
14
12
10
number of 8
students
6
0
17.0–17.9
18.0–18.9
19.0–19.9
20.0–20.9
21.0–21.9
22.0–22.9
23.0–23.9
24.0–24.9
25.0–25.9
26.0–26.9
27.0–27.9
hand-span category / cm
Fig. 7.2
(i) Determine which hand-span category has the most students.
............................................................................................................................... cm [1]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

13
(ii) Determine the number of students with a hand-span of 19.0–19.9 cm.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Histograms are used to display data that show continuous variation. What other evidence
from Fig. 7.2 shows that hand-span is an example of continuous variation?
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) State the name of one other example of continuous variation.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Fig. 7.3 is an incomplete Punnett square, genetic diagram.
(i) Complete Fig. 7.3 to show how sex is inherited in humans.
male sex chromosomes
X Y
female sex
chromosomes
Fig. 7.3
[2]
(ii) Use Fig. 7.3 to determine the ratio of male offspring to female offspring.
................................... male : .......................................... female [1]

14
(c) Several structures are involved in inheritance.
chromosomes DNA gene nucleus
Place structures from the list in order of size from smallest to largest.
smallest .......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
largest .......................................................
[2]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

15
8 (a) Potassium is an element in the Periodic Table.
Use numbers from the list to complete the sentences about potassium.
Each number may be used once, more than once or not at all.
1 2 3 8 19 20 39
Potassium is an element in group ........................... of the Periodic Table.
A potassium atom has a total of ........................... electrons.
A potassium ion has a positive charge of ........................... .

[3]
(b) Sodium and chlorine react to form sodium chloride.
Fig. 8.1 shows the electronic structure of a sodium atom and a chlorine atom.
sodium atom chlorine atom
Fig. 8.1
Complete the diagrams in Fig. 8.2 to show the electronic structure of the ions in
sodium chloride.
+ –
sodium ion chloride ion
Fig. 8.2
[2]

9
(c) Fig. 8.3 shows the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride.
low voltage
d.c. supply
.............................. ..............................
– +
..............................
Fig. 8.3
(i) Complete Fig. 8.3 by labelling the:
• anode
• cathode
• electrolyte.
[2]
(ii) Hydrogen gas is one of the electrode products of this electrolysis.
State the name of the other electrode product.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Describe the chemical test for hydrogen gas. State the observation for a positive result.
test ....................................................................................................................................
observation ........................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

18
(c) Fig. 9.2 shows a TV monitor in the cabin of the aircraft and the energy transferred each
second by the monitor.
thermal energy
80 J
light
energy
119 J
sound
energy
XJ
electrical
energy
200 J
Fig. 9.2
(i) The number of joules of sound energy transferred per second is shown as X J.
Calculate the value of X.
X = ...................................................... J [1]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

20
10 (a) Fig. 10.1 is a diagram of the alimentary canal and associated organs in a human.
A
K
C
J
D
H
G E
Fig. 10.1
(i) Identify the letter in Fig. 10.1 that represents the part where:
ingestion occurs .................................
egestion occurs .................................
mechanical digestion occurs .................................
saliva is produced. .................................

[4]
(ii) State the name of the parts labelled D and H in Fig. 10.1.
D ........................................................................................................................................
H ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

21
(b) Table 10.1 shows some features of absorption and assimilation.
Place ticks (3) in the boxes to show the features of each process.
Table 10.1
feature
process
movement of digested movement into blood movement into cells
food molecules
absorption
assimilation
[3]
(c) Draw a line to link each component to its dietary importance.
One has been done for you.
component dietary importance
for growth and repair of tissues
carbohydrates
main source of energy
fibre
needed for bone growth
iron
needed for haemoglobin
protein
needed for insulation
vitamin D
prevents constipation
[4]
[Total: 13]

22
11 Fig. 11.1 shows the apparatus and reagents used to make a salt.
process A
powdered copper
carbonate
dilute
sulfuric
acid
gentle heat
Fig. 11.1
(a)
(ii) State the name of the salt made in this experiment.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Carbon dioxide gas is also made.
Explain why the bonds between the carbon atoms and the oxygen atoms in
carbon dioxide are covalent.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) The temperature of the reacting mixture increases during the reaction.
State the name given to all chemical reactions that release heat.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(v) The experiment is repeated using large pieces of copper carbonate instead of powdered
copper carbonate.
State what happens to the rate of reaction.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

23
(b) Copper carbonate is green. Copper is a transition metal.

One of the properties of transition metals is that they form coloured compounds.
State two other properties of transition metals which are not properties of all metals.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Brass is a mixture containing copper and zinc.
(i) State the name given to a mixture of metals.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State one advantage of brass compared to copper.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 9]

24
12 An astronomer observes a large meteorite, a rock from outer space.

The astronomer uses a telescope which contains mirrors.
Fig. 12.1 shows the image of the meteorite seen in the mirror by the astronomer.
Fig. 12.1
(a) Select two words or phrases from the list to describe the characteristics of an image formed
by a single plane mirror.
diminished enlarged inverted same size upright
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) The meteorite enters the Earth’s atmosphere.
Fig. 12.2 is a speed-time graph for the meteorite as it approaches Earth.
40 000
speed
m/s 30 000
20 000
10 000
0
0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0
time / s
Fig. 12.2
(i) [1]
(ii) State the form of energy lost by the meteorite as it slows down.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

25
(ii) A scientist suggests that the meteorite contains metallic iron.
Suggest a simple way for the scientist to test for iron in an object found on Earth.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) The meteorite’s temperature is 1500 °C when it falls into the sea.
The meteorite loses thermal energy to the water.
(i) State the main method of thermal energy transfer from the meteorite into the water.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Some of the seawater evaporates.
Describe the process of evaporation in terms of the movement and energy of water
molecules.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

26
(iii) The meteorite is a solid and the seawater is a liquid.
Draw more circles in the boxes in Fig. 12.3 to show the arrangement and separation of
particles in a solid and in a liquid.
solid liquid
Fig. 12.3
[2]
[Total: 13]
© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

0654/33 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2022
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks
1(a)(i) A; 1
1(a)(ii) suitable temperature ; 1
1(b)(i) carbohydrates ; 2
light ;
1(b)(ii) carbon dioxide ; 2

water ;
1(c) amino acids ; 1
2(a) coal / natural gas ; 1
2(b) change is reversible / no new products formed ; 1
2(c) bitumen – road surfaces ; 2

gas oil – diesel engine fuel ;
2(d)(i) contains a carbon-carbon double bond ; 1
2(d)(ii) aqueous bromine ; 3

alkane – no change / stays orange ;
alkene – decolourises ; OWTTE
© UCLES 2022 Page 5 of 15

2(d)(iv) 2
single carbon – carbon bond ;

all else correct ;
2(d)(v) polyethene / polythene ; 1
3(a) C; 1
3(b) 36 km = 36 000 m and 2 hours = 7200 s ; 3

distance ÷ time (symbols or words) or substitution ;
5 (m / s) ;
3(c)(i) cancer / cell mutation ; 1
3(c)(ii) lead ; 1
3(d) 4 half-lives / division by 16 ; 2

0.0625 (g) ;
3(e) correct reflection at top mirror ; 2

correct reflection at bottom mirror ;

PUBLISHED
4(a)(i) the distance travelled by the dyes increases with time ; 1
4(a)(ii) 6; 2
(6 / 30) = 0.2 (mm / s) ;
4(b) from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration ; 2

by random movement ;
4(c)(i) cell membrane ; 1
4(c)(ii) glucose circled ; 2

oxygen circled ;
4(d) 3
component of cell function
vacuole ; contains cell sap that supports

the plant cell
cytoplasm where chemical reactions

occur / contains the cell
structures / contain enzymes ;
chloroplast ; where photosynthesis occurs
5(a)(i) NH3 ; 1
5(a)(ii) Cl2 ; 1
5(a)(iii) CO ; 1

PUBLISHED
5(a)(iv) N2 ; 1
5(a)(v) CH4 ; 1
5(b)(i) carbon dioxide ; 1
5(b)(ii) neutralise (acidic) soil ; 1
5(b)(iii) nitrogen ; 2
phosphorus ;
potassium ;;
1 correct 1 mark
3 correct 2 marks
6(a) echo ; 1
6(b)(i) 1
X-rays UV infrared radio waves
6(b)(ii) radio waves ; 1

PUBLISHED
6(c)(i) 2
term definition
distance between the peaks on

amplitude
consecutive waves
maximum displacement
frequency
of points on a wave
number of waves passing a

wavelength
fixed point per second
1 correct 1 mark ;
3 correct 2 marks ;
6(c)(ii) highest frequency heard by a human is 20 000 Hz ; 1
6(c)(iii) pitch increases ; 1
7(a)(i) 22.0–22.9 (cm) ; 1
7(a)(ii) 4; 1
7(a)(iii) there is a range (of hand spans between two extremes) ; 1
7(a)(iv) height / any valid point ; 1

PUBLISHED
7(b)(i) correct female sex chromosomes ; 2

correct offspring chromosomes ;
7(b)(ii) 1:1 ; 1
7(c) DNA 2
gene
chromosome
nucleus ;;
1 mark for DNA and nucleus in correct place

1 mark for gene smaller than chromosome (in any position)
8(a) 1; 3
19 ;
1;
8(b) 2
sodium ion chloride ion
sodium ion 2.8.;

chloride ion 2.8.8 ;
8(c)(i) one correctly labelled ; 2

three correctly labelled ;
8(c)(ii) chlorine ; 1

PUBLISHED
8(c)(iii) lighted splint ; 2

goes pop ;
9(a) w = mg (symbols or words) or 400 000  10 ; 2

4 000 000 (N) ;
9(b)(i) 700 000 (N) ; 1
9(b)(ii) resultant force (is not zero) ; 1
9(c)(i) 1 (J) ; 1
10(a)(i) K; 4
F;
K/C ;
A;
10(a)(ii) D – pancreas ; 2
H – gall bladder ;

PUBLISHED
10(b) 3
feature
process movement of
movement into movement into
digested food
blood cells
molecules
absorption  
assimilation  
;;;
1 mark for each column

PUBLISHED
10(c) 4
for growth and repair of
tissues
carbohydrates
main source of energy
fibre
needed for bone

growth
iron
needed for
haemoglobin
protein
needed for insulation
vitamin D
prevents constipation
;;;;
1 mark for each correct link

11(a)(ii) copper sulfate ; 1
11(a)(iii) two non-metals bonding / electrons are shared ; 1
11(a)(iv) exothermic ; 1
11(a)(v) (rate of reaction) decreases ; 1
11(b) any two from: 2

high density ;
catalyst ;
variable valency ;
11(c)(i) alloy ; 1
11(c)(ii) stronger / any valid point ; 1
12(a) same size ; 2

upright ;
12(b)(i) S somewhere between 5 s and 12 s ; 1
12(b)(ii) kinetic energy ; 1
12(b)(iii) 36 000 m / s ; 1
12(c)(i) volume = mass ÷ density (words or symbols) or 22 500 ÷ 7500 ; 2

= 3.0 m3 ;
12(c)(ii) use a magnet ; 1

PUBLISHED
12(d)(i) conduction ; 1
12(d)(ii) fastest moving / most energetic molecules ; 2

escape at surface ;
12(d)(iii) solid – all touching and regular arrangement ; 2

liquid – all / most touching and irregular arrangement ;

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2

1 (a) A student investigates the germination of pea seeds.

Table 1.1 shows the conditions for each test-tube.

test-tube water present? oxygen present?

(i) Predict in which test-tube the pea seeds will germinate.

(b) After the seeds germinate, the plant photosynthesises.

(i) Complete the sentence to define photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants manufacture

..................................................... from raw materials using energy

from ..................................................... . [2]

(ii) State the two raw materials needed for photosynthesis.

(c) Peas contain protein.

© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

2 (a) Petroleum is a fossil fuel.

State the name of one other fossil fuel.

(b) Petroleum is separated into useful fractions by fractional distillation.

(c) The fractions obtained from petroleum have different uses.

diesel engine fuel

petrol engine fuel

(d) Ethane and ethene are both found in petroleum.

(i) Explain why ethene is described as being unsaturated.

© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22 [Turn over

Describe the observation for an alkane and for an alkene.

observation for alkane

observation for alkene

(v) Ethene molecules react together when heated to make a polymer.

State the name of the polymer made from ethene.

© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

(c) The submarine is powered by a small nuclear reactor.

© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22 [Turn over

(d) Plutonium-239 (Pu-239) is the nuclear fuel used by the submarine.

Calculate the mass of Pu-239 remaining after 96 000 years.

mass = ........................................................... g [2]

Fig. 3.2 shows a simple periscope.

© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

Fig. 4.1 shows the results plotted on a graph.

(ii) The dyes move through the agar by diffusion.

(b) Describe the direction of motion of particles during diffusion.

(c) Substances move into and out of cells by diffusion.

carbon dioxide fatty acids glucose

oxygen starch water

Complete Table 4.1.

component of plant cell function

contains cell sap to support the plant cell

where photosynthesis occurs

© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22

5 (a) The list below shows the formulae of six molecules.

Identify which of the molecules from the list is:

(i) an ammonia molecule

(ii) a molecule used in the treatment of water

(iii) a molecule formed during the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances

(v) a molecule that contains four covalent bonds.

(i) State the name of the other product of this reaction.

(ii) Calcium carbonate is not a fertiliser but is often added to soil.

Explain why calcium carbonate is often added to soil.

(iii) List the three essential elements needed in a fertiliser.

© UCLES 2022 0654/33/O/N/22 [Turn over

(a) State the name given to a reflected sound wave.

X-rays infrared radio waves