Trans Riph Midterm
Trans Riph Midterm
Trans Riph Midterm
HISTORICAL METHOD
The process of critically examining and analyzing the
records and survivals of the past.
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experience or time period and offer an inside
view of a particular event. Internal Criticism
EXAMPLES deals with the problem of credibility.
Written Sources Tests of credibility are:
Images Determine the Character of the Author, his
Artifacts and Fossils reliability, and his ability and willingness to tell
Oral Testimony the truth
*Secondary Sources date
Interpret and analyze primary sources Determine the Corroboration, historical facts
They are one or more steps removed from the rest upon the testimony of two or more
event. Examples are printed textbooks reliable witnesses
HISTORICAL CRITICISM
Settles matters on the form and content of a Records of social and cultural observations
source Chronicles
it is the subjective writing that expresses the Human Fossils (remains of ancient man
writer’s opinion or evaluation of a text. imbedded in the earth such as bones, hair, skin
etc.)
Artifacts ( cultural evidences of man in the past
External Criticism such as tools and implements)
Records of Detective Investigations
Deals with the problem of authenticity Royal Decrees and Laws
To spot hoaxes, fakes, forgeries and fabrications Official Reports
Tests of Authenticity are: Maps
Determine the date if it is Anachronistic: a Memoirs or Autobiographies
material, skill or culture does not exist at that Personal accounts: record of interviews
time Newspapers and Magazines: reports of
Determine the author in the uniqueness of his correspondents
handwriting or signature Legislative journals
Determine the provenance or Court Records
custody: genuineness
Determine the Semantics, meaning of a text or
REPOSITORIES OF PRIMARY
word
Determine the Hermeneutics, the ambiguities
SOURCES
National Archives of the Philippines
OTHER National Library of the Philippines
Determine the Author National Historical Commission of the
Philippines
Determine the date of the document
National Museum of the Philippines
Anachronistic style (napapanahon, kung legit
ung time)
Other Repositories of Primary Sources are the
Orthography (spelling, hypen etc)
libraries of various universities in the Philippines
Semantics (meaning)
such as the University of the Philippines, the Ateneo
Hermeneutics (interpretation)
de Manila Rizal Library and Museum, the American
Provenance or custody
Historical Collection in ADMU, and the University of
Sto. Tomas Central Library and Museum.
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POPE ALEXANDER VI
Hobby having sex
Demarcation line
3G
a. God
MARCO POLO b. Gold
Venetian Merchant c. Glory
China
Travels of Marco Polo (Nag trend)
ANTONIO LOMBARDO
a.k.a Antonio Pigafetta
Venice, Italy
Geography
Cartography
FERNAO MAGALLES
a.k.a Ferdinan Magellan
Portuguese
Captain
Good boy din to promise
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MARCH 22
the captain-general sent his slave ashore to
ask the king is he had any food to have it
carried to the ships and to say that they come
to the islands as friends and not as enemies.
They have met and toured Raia Colambu and
Raia Siaui to their ship giving visa vis the
trading opportunity on both parties.
MARCH 31
The first recorded mass done by the Spaniards
happened and the resurrection of the cross on
the top of the highest mountain for the
protection of the natives in any catastrophe
might happen and a symbol of Christianity.
The Raia give his one man to accompanied
Magellan to Zubu (Cebu), the largest island
and the center of trading of the whole
archipelago.
APRIL 7
Magellan fleet reached Zubu. Magellan has the
honored to talk to the king of Zubu despites of
not giving a tribute to the king
APRIL 8
the first blood compact happened between the
natives and the Spaniards.
APRIL 9
they ask the natives to where they should bury
270 men the dead member of the crew.
Ships APRIL 12
Trinidad the merchandise of them were traded into
Victoria gold but the captain-general refused to have a
San Antonio lots of gold in his ship because he thinks that
Santiago some of the merchandise they have are
Concepcion precious than gold.
MARCH 16, 1521 APRIL 13
They landed on the island of Zamal (Samar). Magellan’s crew members was preparing for
MARCH 17 the mass tomorrow.
the captain-general desired to land on another APRIL 14
island (Homonhon) which was uninhabited the mass conversion of Christians happen in
and to get water. They set up two tents on the the island of Zubu. Raia Humabon, his wife and
shore for the sick and had a sow killed for other people who converted to Christianity
them. changed their names into the Christian and
MARCH 18 Spanish names. Magellan named Raja
Nine men reached the shore giving those gifts Humabon as Fernando and his wife as Juana,
and foods; in return they give back also foods both names are derived in the ruling monarch
good for four days. of Spain. Magellan gave the Sto Niño as a gift to
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the wife of Raia Humabon and also as a He and his contemporary Renato Constantino
replacement to their idol. were among the first Filipino historians
APRIL 26 renowned for promoting a distinctly
Zula, chief of the island of Matan (Mactan), nationalist point of view of Filipino history.
sent one of his sons to the captain-general to Excerpt from Robert Fox's The
inform that Raia Cilapulapu (Lapu-Lapu) did
not recognized the authority of the king of
Tabon Caves and William Henry
Spain. Magellan, himself together with some of Scott's Prehispanic Source
his men and the Christian natives organized a Materials for the Study of
coalition to sue Raia Cilapulapu.
APRIL 27 Philippine History
a spear with poison hit the leg of Magellan ROBERT FOX
causing him to deteriorate, afterwards a large An anthropologist and leading historian on the
number of natives come to him to kill him. The prehispanic Philippines
troops were ordered to surrender and to go He led a six-year archaeological research
back on shore by the captain-general to avoid project in Palawan, focusing mainly on the
large number of casualties. caves and rock shelters of Lipuun Point in the
MAY 1 southern part of the island. Its most
Raia Humabon arranged a party for the fleet of outstanding site is the Tabon Cave complex,
Magellan but all crew members who attended the large main cave delivered the only
that party die because of poisoning, except Pleistocene human fossils found in the
Enrique de Malacca, the slave of Magellan. It is Philippines to date. The fossil finds include a
also the last sighting to Enrique because he skullcap, jaw bones, teeth and several other
was completely vanished after the incident. fragmented bones. Dubbed as the "Tabon
That day also they left Zubu because they think Man", the finds represent more than just one
that there life is endangered due to the fact individual.
that the Raia Humabon attempted to kill them He was the leading historian on the
all. Prehispanic Philippines. He led a six-year
archaeological research project in Palawan,
Excerpt from Santiago Alvarez's focusing mainly on the caves and rock shelters
Katipunan and the Revolution: of Lipan Point in the southern part of the
island.
Memoirs of a General and
WILLIAM HENRY SCOTT
Teodoro Agoncillo's History of A historian of the Gran Cordillera Central and
the Filipino People Prehispanic Philippines
He published his dissertation, titled
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ “Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of
A revolutionary general and a founder and Philippine History” in 1968.
honorary president of the first directorate of
the Nacionalista Party
Also known as Kidlat ng Apoy because of his
inflamed bravery and dedication as Tabon Man (Brown race) (Earliest skull
commander of Cavite's famous battles found in the Philippines were found in
The only child of revolutionary general Palawan
Mariano Alvarez They inhabited the land for 22,000-24,000
TEODORO AGONCILLO years
A prominent 20th-century Filipino historian
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Excavated by 3 individuals of Physical
Anthropologist
There are some tendencies that the fossils
were disturbed my megapodes Birds
Tabon man – It refers the first group of people
who inhabited on our archipelago and the one
also called as “Pre-Mongoloid,” Mongoloid” DOWRIES
being the term anthropologists apply to the are anything given by the groom to the parents
racial stock by which the South East Asian and of his wife to be before their wedding day.
Pacific Islanders came from. SIMBAHAN
which means a temple or place of adoration
and when they wished to celebrate a festival,
by Juan de Portocarrero aka Juan de pandot or worship.
Plasencia BATHALA,
Written by Juan de Portocarrero aka Juan de seems to signify “all powerful”, or “maker of all
Plasencia who was a member of the things”.
Franciscan who came with the first batch of
missionaries to the Philippines in 1578. He
TALA,
was one of those who assigned to do mission
the morning star
works in Southern Tagalog area. Plasencia
helped in the foundation and organization of DIAN MASALANTA
numerous towns in Quezon, Laguna, Rizal and the patron of lovers and of generation.
Bulacan. LACAPATI AND IDIANALE
The Customs of the Tagalog where he vividly the patrons of cultivated lands and husbandry.
described the political, social, economic, and - BUWAYA – Water lizard
cultural practices of the Filipinos before they CATOLONAN
were Christianized. Plasencia died in Liliw,
the head priest of the natives; it can be male or
Laguna in 1590.
female.
1578
MAGAGAUAY
witches who deceived by pretending to heal
Franciscan
the sick.
Doctrina Christiana
TAGALOG – TAGA-ILOG MANYISALAT
a. Manila same as the magagauay, however they had the
b. Quezon power of applying remedies to lovers that they
c. Laguna - liliw would abandon and despise their own wives
d. Rizal and in fact could prevent them from having
e. bulacan intercourse with the wife.
TAGALOG SONAT
Barangay “balangay” it was his office to help one to die, at which
time he predicted the salvation or
50-100 family
condemnation of the soul.
Social strata
a. Datu PANGATAHOJAN
b. Maharlika was a soothsayer, and predicted the future
c. Aliping namamahay MANCOCOLAM
d. Aliping saguiguilir whose duty it was to emit fire from himself at
night, once or oftener each month.
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HOCLOBAN
without the use of medicine, and by simply
saluting or raising the hand, thy killed whom
A Spanish friar of the Franciscan Order.
they chose.
He spent most of his missionary life in the
SILAGAN Philippines, where he founded numerous
if they saw anyone clothed in white, to tear out towns in Luzon and authored several religious
his liver, and eat it, thus causing his death. and linguistic books, most notably the
MAGTATANGAL Doctrina Cristiana (Christian Doctrine), the
whose purpose was to show himself at night to first book ever printed in the Philippines.
many persons, without his head or entrails.
OSUANG
people say that they have seen it flying and
that he murdered men and ate their flesh.
MANGAGAYOMA
they made charms for lovers out of herbs,
stones, and wood, which would infuse the
heart with love.
Excerpt from Antonio Pigafetta's
First Voyage Around the World
[Chronicle]
A Filipino General during the Philippine
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA Revolution
An Italian scholar and explorer from the He was one of the highest-ranking officer in
Republic of Venice. the Philippine Revolution and was one of the
He joined the expedition to the Spice Islands highest-ranking officers of the revolutionary
led by explorer Ferdinand Magellan under the society Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang na
flag of King Charles I of Spain and, after Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, or simply
Magellan's death in the Philippines, the and more popularly called Katipunan, being a
subsequent voyage around the world. member of its Supreme Council.
During the expedition, he served as Magellan's
assistant and kept an accurate journal which
later assisted him in translating the Cebuano
language. It is the first recorded document
concerning the language.
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KARTILLA defeated at the Battle of Manila Bay on 1 May
served as the guidebook for new members of 1898 during the Spanish-American War.
the organization, which laid out the group's The Act of the Declaration of Independence
rules and principles. The first edition of the was prepared and written by Ambrosio
Kartilya was written by Andres Bonifacio. Rianzares Bautista in Spanish, who also read
Emilio Jacinto later pen a revised Decalogue. the said declaration. The Philippine
Declaration was signed by ninety-eight
persons, among them an American army
officer who witnessed the proclamation.
Filipino revolutionary leader, educator,
The Act declared that the Filipinos “are and
lawyer and statesman who served first as a
have the right to be free and independent,” and
legal and constitutional adviser to the
that the nation from ”this day commences to
Revolutionary Government, and then as the
have a life of its own, with every political tie
first Prime Minister of the Philippines upon
between Filipinas and Spain severed and
the establishment of the First Philippine
annulled”.
Republic.
He is regarded as the "Utak ng Himagsikan" or
"Brain of the Revolution".
Mabini performed all his revolutionary and A Filipino revolutionary, politician, and
governmental activities despite having lost the military leader who is officially recognized as
use of both his legs to polio shortly before the the first and the youngest President of the
Philippine Revolution of 1896. Philippines (1899–1901) and first president of
a constitutional republic in Asia.
ADDITIONAL
NOTES
The Philippine Declaration of
History is the documented study of the past.
Independence occurred in Kawit, Cavite
on 12 June 1898 where Filipino History is reserved for accounts of phenomena
revolutionary forces under General Emilio especially human affairs in chronological
Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and order.
independence of the Philippine islands from History is the past of mankind.
Spanish colonization after the latter was
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History is the story of a nation’s rise, Tries to answer the problem of credibility of
development and fall. the material.
History is the sharing of important narratives Credibility- compromises the objective and
that involve the shaping of a society and its subjective believability of a source.
people. Test of Credibility
Identification of the author
History gives us the capacity to understand Determination of the approximate date
and analyze issues and concerns of our Ability to tell the truth
contemporary world. Willingness to tell the truth
History enables one to participate in finding Corroboration
solutions of present-day problems in the
society. any objects from the past or testimonies of the
History teaches us to see the world through eyewitness concerning the past on which
different perspective. historians depend in order to create their own
History enables us to analyze critically the depiction of the past.
present contexts of society and beings. Eyewitness- a person, who has personally
History records and explains the events of the seen, experienced and can give first-hand
past which includes people, places, and dates. description of what happened during an event.
Testimony- it is a form of evidence obtained
it is the process of critically examining and from a person who has seen the actual event
analyzing the records and survival of the past. under study.
A. PRIMARY SOURCE
it is any source of information that was
it is the subjective writing that expresses the created, written or narrated during the time
writer’s opinion or evaluation of a text. under investigated.
EXTERNAL CRITICISM Four Main Categories of Primary Sources
it is a kind of historical criticism that is Written Sources such as diaries and memoirs,
concerned with establishing the authenticity journals, minutes of meetings, speeches etc.
or genuineness of data. Images
Tries to answer the problem of authenticity of Artifacts And Fossils such as Human Remains
the material. Oral Testimony
Authenticity- means a reliable or accurate B. SECONDARY SOURCE
representation of information. it interprets and analyzes an original source.
Test of Authenticity Examples Secondary Sources
Anachronistic style History Books
Orthography- the way in which the words of a Periodicals
language are spelled.
Serials
Determine the date of the document
Determine the author
Semantics- concerns on the determination of
the meaning of a text.
Hermeneutics
Provenance or custody
Anachronistic reference to events Written by the Antonio Lombardo aka Antonio
INTERNAL CRITICISM Pigafetta , he studied astronomy, geography
and cartography. His biographers described
it is the attempt of the researcher to restore
him as well-educated young man possessing
the meaning of the text.
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an avid curiosity of the world around him. He idea of secularization, grant for Filipino
was among the 18 survivors who returned to priest to officiate mass in their parishes,
Spain on September 6, 1522 aboard the for regular clergy. For that so, the three
Victoria with Juan Sebastian Elcano, as the martyr priest were accused for that
captain. subversive act. The three martyr priests,
Pigafetta’s account is the longest and most also known as GOMBURZA, were Padre
comprehensive. It recounted the individual Mariano Gomez, Padre Jose Burgos,
fates of the five ships (Trinidad, San Antonio, and Padre Jacinto Zamora who were
Concepcion, Santiago and Victoria) that executed on February 15, 1872 in the
comprised the Magellan expedition. manner of garrote.
END OF PRELIM
END OF MIDTERM
Emilio Aguinaldo
Baldomero Aguinaldo
Mariano Trias Closas
Daniel Tirona
Antonio Montenegro
Andres Bonifacio
Santiago Alvarez
Severino de las Alas
Mariano Alvarez
Cayetano Topacio
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