The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) mainly attacks what type of cells in the human body?

A. Red Blood Cells

B. CD4 positive cells
C. Stem Cells
D. Platelets
The answer B

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can NOT be spread in what type of fluid below? Select all
that apply:
A. Breastmilk
B. Blood
C. Tears
D. Semen
E. Vagina
F. Sweat
The answer is F

Which statement below is not true regarding the role of the helper t cell?
A. The helper T cell releases cytokines to help activate other immune system cells.
B. The helper T cell is part of the adaptive immune system.
C. The helper T cell is cytotoxic and kills invaders.
D. The helper T cell has CD4 receptors found on its surface.
The answer is C.

Identify the correct statements about the anatomy of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Select
all that apply:
A. HIV is a retrovirus.
B. Inside the virus is packaged DNA.
C. The protein projections found on the virus’ surface play a key role in attaching to the receptors on the
helper t-cell.
D. The glycoproteins (specifically GP140) are vital for engaging the receptors on the targeted cell.
The answers are A and C

The first step in the “Lifecycle of HIV” is the attachment step. During this step what co-receptors are also
targeted so entry can be gained inside the cell?
A. CCR5 or CXCR4
B. CD4 or CD2
C. CCR4 or CXCR5
D. CD8 or CD5
The answer is A: CCR5 or CXCR4.

What step in the ““Lifecycle of HIV” does the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) become united with
the targeted cell and dumps its contents into that cell?
A. Integration
B. Fusion
C. Budding
D. Assembly
The answer is B: Fusion.
Which HIV test can give the earliest test results?
A. Nucleic Acid Test (NAT)
B. Antibody HIV Test
C. Combination HIV antigen/antibody test
D. CD4 count
The answer is A

What is a normal CD4 count?

A. 200-500 cells/mm3
B. 1500-3500 cells/mm3
C. 500-1500 cells/mm3
D. <200 cells/mm3
The answer is C: 500-1500 cells/mm3

A patient with AIDS has dark purplish brown lesions on the mucus membranes of the mouth. As the
nurse you know these lesions correlate with what type of opportunistic disease?
A. Epstein-Barr Virus
B. Herpes Simplex Virus
C. Cytomegalovirus
D. Kaposi’s Sarcoma
The answer is D: Kaposi’s Sarcoma

What sign and symptoms in your patient with HIV indicates the disease is worsening and the immune
system is severely compromised?
A. Open, oozing lesions around the mouth
B. White hair like spots on the side of the tongue
C. Cheesy white film on the tonsils and inside cheeks
D. Vision changes
The answer is B.

Your patient is in the last stage of HIV. The patient CD4 count is 100 cells/mm3. Which of the following
FUNGAL infections if your patient at risk for? Select all that apply:
A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B. Candidiasis
C. Coccidioidomycosis
D. Toxoplasmosis
E. Histoplasmosis
The answers are B, C, and E.

Which type of opportunistic infection occurs from inhaling a parasitic organism that can be found in cat
and bird feces?
A. Histoplasmosis
B. Crytococcosis
C. Mycobacterium Avium complex
D. Toxoplasmosis
The answer is D.
Fill in the blank: Once inside the nucleus of the cell, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) needs to
become part of the cell’s DNA. To do this, the virus releases an enzyme called __________________.
A. Protease
B. Reverse transcriptase
C. Kinase
D. Integrase
The answer is D: Integrase

What enzyme is responsible for cutting long chains of virus to help prep the HIV for maturity?
A. Integrase
B. Protease
C. Reverse transcriptase
D. Kinase
The answer is B: Protease

A 30-year-old patient is in the Acute Stage of HIV. What findings below correlate with this stage of HIV?
Select all that apply:
A. CD4 level <500 cells/mm3
B. No present of Opportunistic Infections
C. High viral load
D. Patient reports flu-like symptoms
E. Patient is asymptomatic
The answers are B, C, and D.

A patient arrives to the clinic and requests an HIV test. The patient had unprotected sexual intercourse 2
days ago with a person who may have HIV. As the nurse you know there is a window period for detecting
an infection of HIV. What statements should you provide to the patient about this window period and
testing for HIV? Select all that apply:
A. No test Is available at this time to show immediate infection.
B. The window period is the time when you become infected with HIV to when a test can deliver positive
results.
C. Window periods vary depending on the type of HIV test administered.
D. The absolute earliest an HIV test can detect HIV is about 3 months.
The answers are A, B, C

The physician orders a combination HIV antigen/antibody test on a patient. The patient was potentially
exposed to HIV 3 weeks ago. What HIV antigen does this test assess for?
A. GP120
B. p24
C. GP41
D. P35
The answer is B: p24

A 48-year-old patient is HIV positive. The patient has no signs and symptoms and has a CD4 count of 400
cells/mm3. In addition, no opportunistic infections or diseases are present. These findings correlate with
what stage of HIV?
A. Acute
B. Chronic
C. AIDS
The answer is B: Chronic.

Select the criteria below that is used to help diagnosed a patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS):
A. CD4 count <200 cells/mm3
B. Presence of opportunistic infection
C. CD4 count >1500 cells/mm3
D. WBC 9500
E. Absence of opportunistic infection
The answers are A and B.

A patient with AIDS has developed CMV (cytomegalovirus). The nurse makes it priority to educate the
patient about which of the following regarding CMV?
A. Avoiding exposure to cat feces.
B. Drinking water from clean sources only.
C. Scheduling an eye appointment.
D. Isolating for 14 days to prevent transmission of CMV to others.
The answer is C.

The nurse plays a vital role in screening patients for a possible HIV infection. What questions below could
the nurse ask to help identify a patient who is at risk for HIV? Select all that apply:
A. “How often do you use alcohol or drugs?”
B. “Have you recently experienced an abusive relationship?”
C. “If you are sexually active, do you or your partner use protection?”
D. “In the past month, have you felt sad or unable to get out of bed?”
E. “Have you ever been treated for a sexually transmitted infection?”
F. “Do you ever experience intrusive or unwanted thoughts?”
The answers are A, C, E

A 25-year-old patient reports that they engage in high risk activities that could lead to an HIV infection.
The patient’s test results show the patient is HIV-negative. The nurse should provide the patient with
education about?
A. PEP
B. PrEP
C. Opportunistic Infections
D. Nucleic Acid Test (NAT)
The answer is B.

Which patient below is a candidate for PEP (Post-exposure Prophylaxis)?

A. A 32-year-old patient who reports sharing IV drug injection devices with a person who is HIV-positive
5 days ago.
B. A 28-year-old patient who engages in high risk activities on a regular basis that could lead to an HIV
infection.
C. A 55-year-old who is HIV-positive.
D. A 30-year-old who was sexually assaulted two days ago.
The answer is D. PEP
A 25-year-old female is about to deliver a baby. The patient is HIV-positive and has been taking
antiretroviral therapy during the pregnancy. What steps can be taken to help prevent transmitting the
virus to the baby after birth?
A. Su”stitu”e formula for breastfeeding.
B. Administer antiretroviral treatment to the newborn for 2 weeks after birth.
C. Avoid kissing and hugging the newborn.
D. Stop taking antiretroviral therapy for 2 months postpartum.
The answer is A.

Which statement below is not a true statement about Antiretroviral Treatment?

A. “The patient starts out taking 3 medications from at least 2 drug classes.”
B. “ART decreases the amount of virus in the blood within about 6 months.”
C. “ART helps decrease the risk of developing an opportunistic infection.”
D. “Antiretroviral medications are taken when signs and symptoms appear and then tapered off.”
The answer is D: This option is false and all the others are true regarding ART. ART must be taken
EXACTLY as prescribed (everyday, at the same time, at the right dosage etc.). It is not taken when signs
and symptoms appear and tapered off. If ART is not taken as prescribed or doses are missed, drug
resistance can develop. In other words, the medications will stop being effective against the HIV.

Which class of antiretroviral medications bind with the CD4 receptors and inhibit the HIV’s glycoprotein
from being able to activate and engage the co-receptors?
A. Post-attachment Inhibitors
B. Fusion Inhibitors
C. Integrase Inhibitors
D. Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
The answer is A

Fill-in-the-blank: Chemokine Receptor Antagonists block the co-receptor __________ on the cell so HIV
cannot engage the receptor and enter the cell.
A. CXCR4
B. CD4
C. CCR5
D. GP120
The answer is C: CCR5

The patient is prescribed to take Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon). The nurse prepares to administer this medication
via?
A. Intravenous route
B. Oral route
C. Topical Route
D. Subcutaneous Route
The answer is D.

Which antiretroviral medication treatment stops the enzyme reverse transcriptase from working by
binding to it?
A. Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
B. Integrase Inhibitors
C. Protease Inhibitors
D. Fusion Inhibitors
The answer is A.

A patient with Stage 2 HIV (Chronic Stage) is prescribed to take Raltegravir. The nurse knows that this
medication is part of what class of ART?
A. Protease ”nhibito”s
B. Integrase Inhibitors
C. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
D. Attachment Inhibitors
The answer is B. Raltegravir is an Integrase Inhibitors.

What group of ART for the treatment of HIV stop an enzyme from cutting the long chains of virus so the
immature virus can’t be assembled and mature?
A. Protease Inhibitors
B. Integrase Inhibitors
C. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
D. Attachment Inhibitors
The answer is A

A patient with HIV is prescribed to start antiretroviral therapy. The nurse is providing education about
these medications. Which statement below by the patient indicates they need re-education on these
medications?
A. “If I take these medications as prescribed by viral load will become undetectable, and I have a low risk
of transmit the virus to others.”
B. “Drug resistance is likely to develop if I’m non-compliant with my medications.”
C. “I currently take a medication called St. John’s Wort to treat depression.”
D. “This therapy does not cure me from HIV but helps me live a healthier and longer life.”
The answer is C