ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER

ART AND ARTISAN

Artist- for those of you who created a prototype whose only vale if for artistic and visual
purposely. For example, paintings and sketching.
Artisan- for those of who you have created something that is functional like furniture,
but with some elements of aesthetic.
● Artist works in fine arts, including painting, illustration and sculpture.
● Artisan work on textiles, pottery, glass and other areas.
● Fine artist work with paint, watercolor, pen and ink or illustration, while artisans
craft work like jewelry, glasswork, pottery or other functional products.
● The work of artist teds to be shown in museums or galleries, while artisans sell
their crafts at fairs and shops.
● All fine artist first learn to sketch and begin with a pencil and sketchpad to work
with an idea on paper.
● Artist transfer their visions to canvases or other medium and this may mean
working in oil, watercolor ir pastels.
● Sculptors take their sketches and create 3D products from clay, marble or other
materials.
● Illustrators might work for a publishing or animation company, or create original
comic books.
● All artist work aim to create a overall reaction from a viewer.
● In this modern age, the term artist is also being used for musicians as well.
● Ever heard of the word “young artist” which refers to emerging musicians.
● An artist forte is create ad art for the sake of art itself, without any underlying
motives- they may actually create art for the pleasure of creating it.
● Artisans make practical artistic products, such as earring, vases, stained glass
and other accessories whose knowledge of the art is obtained by studying under
a master craftsman and then practicing with continued study to experience.
● They spend a good portion of their time selling and promoting their items in
various marketplace.
MEDIUM USED IN VISUAL ARTS
Painting
The process of applying pigment on a smooth surface(such as paper,cloth,canvas,wood
or plasters) to secure an interesting arrangement of forms,lines and color is called
painting.
● Pigment- that part of the paint where color comes from is a fine powder ground
from some clay, stone or mineral extracted from vegetable matter or produced by
a chemical process.
KIND OF PAINT
1. Encaustic- considered as on the early medium used in art, this is the application
of a mixture of hot beeswax, resin and ground pigment to any absorbent ir
porous surface followed by the application of heat to set the colors and bind them
to the ground.
2. Tempera- this paints are earth or mineral pigments mixed with eggyolk and egg
white.
3. Fresco- this painting is the application or earth pigments mixed with water on a
plaster wall with the plaster is damp. Color then sinks into the surface and
becomes an integral part of the wall. Fresco painting example: Sistine Chapel
Ceiling by Michelangelo and The Last Supper in refectory wall of the Santa Maria
Della Grazie Convent in Milan by Leonardo da Vinci.
4. Water color- this is tempered paint made of pure ground pigment bound with the
gum arabic. Gum arabic- is a paint in which pigment has been mixed with a
chalk- like materials. This material makes the paint opaque.
● Transparent- objects allow all of the light to pass through the. This means we
can clearly see through them.
● Translucent- objects only allow some light to pass through them. This means
that we can partially see through them.
● Opaque- objects do not allow any light to pass through them. This means that
we cannot see through them at all.
5. Oil- in oil painting, this is pigment ground in linseed oil which is applied to printed
canvas. This medium is very flexible one, using a brush, on air brush a palette
knife or even the bare hands, the artist can apply the paint thinly or thickly as a
transparent film or an opaque surface.
6. Acrylic- these synthesis paints using acrylic polymer emulsions as binder are the
newest medium today due to its availability in the market.
Mosaic art
Mosaic art is related to painting it creates on flat surfaces. Mosaic are wall or floor
decorations made of small cubes or irregular cut pieces of colored stones or glass
called tesserae. These are fitted together to form a pattern and glued on surface with
plaster or cement. Mosaic was an important feature of BYZANTINE CHURCHES- a
very famous mosaic is the of empress theodora and her attendant which can be found
in the church of san vitale at ravenna italy. Example of religious art in the Philippines are
Sta. Cruz church in manila and the Victorious Church in Negrous Occidental.
Stained glass
Stained glass developed as a major art when it appeared as an important part of gothic
cathedral. Stained glass derived it effects from the variations in the light the shines
through. It is translucent glass colored by mixing metallic oxides into the molten glass or
by fixing them onto the surface of the clear glass.
Tapestry
The walls of places, castles and chapels in Europe where decorated in the middle ages
with hanging called tapestries.
Drawing
This is the most fundamental of all skills needed in the arts. All designed objects are first
visualized in drawings before they are actually made.
● Sketch- showing the general and organization or design of a product being
planned.
● Cartoon- such as the full size work meant to be a basis for some other work life
tapestry or a relief paint. Or it may be a finished work in itself. One example is
Leonardo Da Vinci drawing of a woman’s hand.
● Ink- one of the oldest materials still in use allows for a great variety of qualities
depending on the tools and techniques used in applying the ink and the surfaces
on which it is applied. India ink- comes in liquid form while chinese ink in solid
sticks, which are dissolved in water before use.
Bistre
Is a gray-brown ink made from the soot produced by burning some resinous wood.
Sepia
Is a strong dark-brown ink comes from the ink sacks of cuttlefish or squid.
Pastel and chalk
Are dry pigment held together with a gum binder and compressed into sticks.
Charcoal
Is especially useful in representing broad masses of light and shadow. Charcoal may
just come from a burned twig or piece of wood, but in modern manufacture, charcoal
sticks or pencils are made from the particles of carbon mixed with a binder and
compressed.
Crayons
Are pigment bound by wax and compressed into sticks.
Silver point
Popular during the renaissance is not in general use to day.
Print making
An artistic process based on the principle of transferring images from a matrix onto
another surface most often paper or fabric.
The four processes involved in print making are:
● Relief printing- involves cutting away from a block of wood or linoleum portion of
the design that the artist does not want to show, leaving the design to stand out
on the block.
● Printing in intaglio- are exactly the opposite of those of relief printing.
 ● Planographic or surface printing- is done from and almost smooth surface
which as been treated chemically or mechanically so that are some areas will
print and others will not.
● Stencil printing- is done by cutting designs out of special paper, cardboard or
metal sheet in such a way that when ink is rubbed over it.
Photography
It is likeness of what exist in the artist’s minds which may or may not resemble anything
in the actual word at all.
Photograph
Is the actual likeness, the production which may not actually involve an artist to
creativity.
Sculpture
This three-dimensional form constructed to represent a natural or imaginary shape. It
can be free-standing, carved in relief or kinetic.
Type of sculpture
● Free standing sculpture- is one which can be seen from more than one
position.
● Relief sculpture- project form a flat background. When forms are slightly raised,
the sculpture is called bass relief.
● High relief sculpture- are those who figures project to the extent of one half of
their thickness or more so that they are almost round.
● Carving- is a subtractive process which involves removing unwanted portions of
the raw materials to reveal the form that the artist has visualized.
● Modeling- is an additive process which means building the form. Using highly
plastic material such as clay or wax.
● Casting- can faithfully reproduce in bronze or other metals the spontaneity
achieved in the modelling process.
● Metal casting- is most often done with the lost-wax method. In the process a
core of clay is shaped roughly into the form of the finished works.
● Fabrication- came about because of the rising cost of traditional materials and
the difficulty in getting them.
● Welding- is done by joining pieces of metal with an oxyacetylene torch.
Materials used in sculpture:
Stone
Granite and basalt
Marble
Woof
Glass
Metals
Plaster
Clay
Architecture
Is the art of designing and constructing a building which will serve a definite function
ranging from providing the simplest shelter to meeting the technological demands of our
modern cities.
1. Post and lintel- are the oldest of construction systems which use of the two
vertical supports(posts) spanned by a horizontal(lintel).
2. Dome- s hemispherical roof resembling a pingpong ball half, built on a
framework formed by a series of arches rising consecutives points on a based
called the drum.
3. Truss- is a system of triangular form assembled into a rigid framework and
functioning like a beam or lintel.
4. Skeletal and construction- employs reinforced concrete and steel. Concrete
construction makes use of concrete poured, while still in its semi-fluid state into a
hollow frame.
5. Cantilever- makes use of a beam or slab extending horizontally into space
beyond its supporting post yet strong enough to support walls and floors.
Interior design
Is is considered with the selection of space and furnishing to transform an empty shell of
a building into a livable area.
Landscaping
A building does not exist in a world of its own. It must be harmoniously related to its
natural setting as well as to the other building in the area.
Terrain
Artificial forms
To trees and shrubbery by cutting and shaping them to blend structurally with the
architecture.
Music
The material of music is sound. Music sound or tones or produced by man made
instruments and by the human voice. Thus we have two media used in music: the
instrumental medium and the vocal medium. Generally musical instruments are grouped
according to their vibrators and their resonators. Each group is often referred to as a
family or choir.
1. Stringed instruments
2. Wind instruments- which are group into two separate choirs
a. The woodwinds- so called because they were originally made of wood and
b. The brasses- which are usually made of brass or some other metal
3. The percussion choir- which maybe group into two types: those that produce d that
musical tones and have definite pitch. And b the noise makers which do not have
definite pitch.
4. The keyboard instruments- any musical instruments on which different notes can
be sounded by pressing a series of keys, push, buttons or parallel levers.
String choirs- consists of the violin. The viola,the vioncello(or cello) and the double
brass. Each of these instruments has a hollow sound box across which nylon or gut
string are stretched.
The wind instruments- are found behind the string choirs in an orchestra. The
instrumental are sounded by blowing into them. Thus setting a column or air vibrating.
The word percussion means the sharp striking of one body against another. The
complete percussion section includes almost any instrument that sounded by striking
shaking or scratching with the hands or with another object.
The human voice- is the most wonderful musical instruments used to express oneself
through music long before man ever conceived of making music with instruments on his
own invention.
Elements of visual arts
Line
Is a series of points that extends in two opposite directions without end. A pathway
between two points. A progressions/series of points.
Shapes
Close figures, geometric shapes and organic shapes
Colors and value
Values- lightness and darkness of colors. Hue and shades
Hue- these aret he purest and brightest colors. They form the full spectrum of colors
which progress around the primary color wheel in gradual increments.
Tint- its simply any color with white added.
Shade- a shade is simply any color with black added.
Tone- a tone is created by adding both white and black. Any color that is greyed down
is considered a tone.
Complementary harmony- is achieved by a combination of any opposite colors in the
color wheel.
Monochromatic harmony- is otherwise referred to as one-mode or one hue harmony.
It combines different intensities or values- lightness and darkness or brightness and
dullness- of one color only.
Analogous harmony- means a combination of two or more neigh boring colors in the
color chart.
Texture
Form
Composition of visual arts
Harmony- unity of all elements of arts: line, shape color and value
Rhythm- beat/music
movement/direction
Balance- state of equilibrium in artwork
Symmetrical balance
Linear
Radial
Asymmetrical balance