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    Protozoan Disease in Fish

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    Amrita Behera
    This document summarizes several protozoan diseases that affect fish: 1) Whirling disease is caused by the parasite Myxobolus cerebralis which attacks the cartilage of juvenile salmonids, causing nerve damage, skeletal deformities, and sometimes death. 2) Costiasis is caused by the parasite Ichthyobodo necatrix which attaches to the gills and skin of fish, feeding on cells and depriving fish of oxygen. It can be treated with salt baths or chemicals like malachite green. 3) Ichthyophthiriasis, also called white spot disease, is caused by the ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifilis which burrows into

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    Protozoan Disease in Fish

    Uploaded by

    Amrita Behera
    23 views2 pages
    This document summarizes several protozoan diseases that affect fish: 1) Whirling disease is caused by the parasite Myxobolus cerebralis which attacks the cartilage of juvenile salmonids, causing nerve damage, skeletal deformities, and sometimes death. 2) Costiasis is caused by the parasite Ichthyobodo necatrix which attaches to the gills and skin of fish, feeding on cells and depriving fish of oxygen. It can be treated with salt baths or chemicals like malachite green. 3) Ichthyophthiriasis, also called white spot disease, is caused by the ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifilis which burrows into

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    PROTOZOAN DISEASE IN FISH

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    This document summarizes several protozoan diseases that affect fish: 1) Whirling disease is caused by the parasite Myxobolus cerebralis which attacks the cartilage of juvenile salmonids, causing nerve damage, skeletal deformities, and sometimes death. 2) Costiasis is caused by the parasite Ichthyobodo necatrix which attaches to the gills and skin of fish, feeding on cells and depriving fish of oxygen. It can be treated with salt baths or chemicals like malachite green. 3) Ichthyophthiriasis, also called white spot disease, is caused by the ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifilis which burrows into

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    23 views2 pages

    Protozoan Disease in Fish

    Uploaded by

    Amrita Behera
    This document summarizes several protozoan diseases that affect fish: 1) Whirling disease is caused by the parasite Myxobolus cerebralis which attacks the cartilage of juvenile salmonids, causing nerve damage, skeletal deformities, and sometimes death. 2) Costiasis is caused by the parasite Ichthyobodo necatrix which attaches to the gills and skin of fish, feeding on cells and depriving fish of oxygen. It can be treated with salt baths or chemicals like malachite green. 3) Ichthyophthiriasis, also called white spot disease, is caused by the ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifilis which burrows into

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    PROTOZOAN DISEASE IN FISH

    Whirling disease is a chronic disease caused by Myxobolus cerebralis, a


    parasitic protozoan that affects mainly juvenile salmonids.

    Young fish are highly susceptible as the parasite attacks their soft cartilage,
    resulting in nerve damage, skeletal deformities and sometimes death. The
    parasite spreads mainly through the stocking of infected fish and also through
    the alimentary tracts of fish-eating migratory birds.

    DIAGNOSIS- mass mortalities in fry, convulsive movements, increased rate of


    breathing and jerking backwards movements.Rapid tail chasing type of
    whirling movement pathological signs are:

     darkening of the skin from the vent to the tail (blacktail)


     spinal curvature
     skull deformation and shortened gill plates.

    The typical symptom usually appear 1-2 months after exposure to disease.

    Control and treatment

    As tubifex worms live in mud, the disease can be partly controlled in trout
    farms by growing young fish in concrete raceways.

    Costiasis Disease: Costia is a freshwater ciliated protozoa parasite species


    called Ichthyobodo necatrix . It attach to the skin or gills of fish to feed and can swim and attach
    themselves to other fish and then reproduces to infect other fish.

    SYMPTOMS-Signs of infection include excess mucous production, respiratory distress, lethargy,


    clamped fins, general debilitation and resting on the substrate.The parasites feed on the gill and
    skin cells and can quickly kill fish by depriving them of oxygen and allowing secondary infection
    of fungus and bacteria in to the wounds.
    Appearance of grey blue film on the skin which turns to red patches in severly affected areas.
    TREATMENT- Malachite Green, Potassium Permanganate, Acriflavine and strong salt baths of
    3%.T hey can be treated with 3% common salt for 10 min

    Ichthyophthiriasis Disease:

    This caused by a ciliate, Ichthyophthirius multifilis.This disease is also called as “Ich”


    or “White Spot Disease”. It penetrates gill epithelia, skin and fins of the fish host and resides
    as a feeding stage (the trophont) inside the epidermis. When the organism gets into a large fish
    culture facility, it is difficult to control due to its fast-reproductive cycle. If not controlled, the
    infection may lead to 100% mortality in the tank.
    Signs and symptoms[edit]
     The infection challenges hosts’ osmoregulation and respiration. Secondary bacterial
    and fungal infections are common due to the disturbance of epithelial
    linings. Anorexia (loss of appetite)
     Increased breathing rate (hyperventilation)
     Discoloration
     Abnormal behaviour (inactivity, isolation)
     Resting on the bottom
     Flashing (rubbing and scratching against objects)
     Balance disturbance. Upside-down swimming near the surface.
    The diagnosis can be confirmed by microscopic examination of skin and gill smears. Scrapings
    of skin, fins or gill surfaces.
    TREATMENT-Malachite green , Formalin when applied repeatedly (30–50 mg/L) will kill infective
    theronts and tomonts ,Copper-sulphate, methylene blue and potassium permanganate are
    effective .Copper may still be applied in some countries, but it is very easy to overdose with
    copper. The recommended dosage is 0.15-0.3 mg/L and the concentration should never exceed
    0.4 mg/L.

    PROTOZOAN DISEASE IN SHELLFISH

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