MILITARY SCIENCE (MS-2)

Name of Presenter
THE PHILIPPINE NAVY

FOUR
-FOLD MISSION:
1. National Defense
2. Security Operations
3. Deterrence
4. National Development
THE PHILIPPINE NAVY

Navy’s Role:
1. The Navy shall defend the territory
from external aggression.

2. The Navy shall continue its role of

securing the Philippine maritime areas
from all forms of intrusions,
encroachment, piracy and drug
trafficking.

3. The Navy shall assist other

government agencies in protecting our
marine resources and environment.
THE PHILIPPINE NAVY

Navy’s Role:
4. The Navy shall continue to assist in the
conduct of rescue and relief operations not
only during accidents at sea but even
during natural calamities in land such as
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and floods.
5. The Navy shall continue assisting in national
socio-economic development.
6. The Navy, as it acquires new and more
potent assets, will be an effective
instrument of the government in fulfilling
various security-related international
commitments.
THE PHILIPPINE NAVY

History:
1898 - The Philippine Revolutionary Navy

1939 - The Off Shore Patrol

1947 - Philippine Naval Patrol

1951 - Philippine Navy

PHILIPPINE NAVY
ORGANIZATION
 PHILIPPINE NAVY
Major Type Commands
Philippine Fleet Philippine Marine Corp
Mission: “To prepare and operate assigned Mission: “To provide combined armed units in
forces for naval operations in order to the conduct of amphibious warfare and such
support the PN accomplish its mission.” other operations in order to accomplish the
mission of the Philippine Navy.”

Home of the sailors

Home of the fighting ships Rapid deployment
Has major units namely: Offshore Combat Force, Amphibious strike force
Sealift Amphibious, Littoral Combat Force and Fleet Small but highly mobile
Support Group and special units, NAG, NAVSOG Hard-hitting
and FTDC Superbly trained
PHILIPPINE NAVY
ORGANIZATION
Naval Operational Commands
 PHILIPPINE NAVY
ORGANIZATION
Support Commands
Naval Education Training and Naval Sea Systems Command
Doctrine Command (NETDC) (NSSC)

Naval Reserve Command (NRC) Naval Installation Command

(NIC)

Naval Construction Engineering

Brigade (NCEBde)
 PHILIPPINE NAVY
ORGANIZATION
Support Units
Naval Intelligence and Manila Naval Hospital
Security Force (NISF) (MNH)

Philippine Navy Finance

Center (PNFC)
Cavite Naval Hospital (CNH)

Naval Logistics Center (NLC)

Headquarters Philippine
Bonifacio Naval Station (BNS)
Navy and Headquarters
Support Group (HPN& HSG)
 HEADQUARTERS
PHILIPPINE NAVY
Personal Staff
Naval Naval Public Command Master The Naval
Modernization Information Chief Petty Officer Flag Secretary Inspector General
Office (NMO) Office (NPIO) (CMCPO) (TNIG)

Central Staff
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10

Logistics Education
Operations And Training
CMO
Intelligence CEIS Reservists and
Retirees Affairs
Administrative and Personnel Plans and Programs
Ships and Yards

Special and Technical Staff

Naval Naval Provost Naval Health Naval Judge Naval Naval Civil
Adjutant Marshal Service Advocate Chaplain Engineer
THE PHILIPPINE FLEET

“To prepare and operate assigned forces for naval

operations in order to support the PN accomplish
its mission.”

1. To provide assets that will conduct continuous naval

patrol, sea control and amphibious operations in
order to defend the sovereignty of the country, its
territorial waters and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)
from foreign aggression, intrusion and exploitation.
2. To assist in the conduct of national security
operations and ensure safety and security of coastal
areas.
3. Employ assets to assist in the conduct of disaster
response, particularly maritime search and rescue
and patrol sealift and other type of operations as
directed.
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MILITARY SCIENCE (MS-2)
Name of Presenter
 Ship’S organization
THE PHILIPPINE NAVY
Commanding Officer

FOUR
-FOLD MISSION: CMAA

1. National Defense
Executive Officer

2. Security Operations
Deck and Damage
Mess Supply Engineering Operations
Department Department
Gunnery 3. Deterrence
Control
Department Department
Department Department

4. National Development
Other
Departments
 Ship’S organization
The Commanding Officer:
1. A line officer who, by virtue of his training
and experience is assigned by the FOIC, PN
with a responsibility to command a ship.
2. No matter what his rank is, he is called
“Captain”
3. He is charge with absolute responsibility for
the safety, well being and efficient operation
of his command.
4. His specific duties, responsibilities and
authority are set forth in the AFP and PN
regulations, customs and traditions of naval
service.
 Ship’S organization
The Executive Officer:
1. Designated second in command of the ship.
2. In the absence of the CO, he becomes the acting
CO and he must be prepared to assume
command.
3. Primarily responsible for the administration of
the ship and personnel, overall training, daily
routine, and the maintenance of good order and
discipline in the entire command.
4. The entire department heads report to him for
all matters pertaining to the internal
administration of the command.
 Ship’S organization
1. Responsible under the Commanding Officer for the collection,

Operations evaluation and dissemination of combat and operational information required for the

assigned mission and tasks of the

Officer: ship .
2. The following officers, if assigned or designated, whose duties are indicated, reports to the Operations Officer:
a. Combat Information Center (CIC) Officer - He is responsible for the collection and dissemination
of combat and operational information; operation, care and maintenance of equipment CIC equipment
except those assigned to other officers; training of CIC personnel; and, control of aircraft, when assigned.
b. Communications Officer - He is responsible for supervising the receipt, transmission and routing
of ship's messages; operation and maintenance of visual and electronic communications equipment;
proper handling and control of all registered publications; and, the maintenance of communications
security which includes crypto, transmission and physical security.

Ship’S organization
1. Responsible to the Commanding Officer for the operation, care and maintenance of all 2. The following officers, if assigned or designated,
propulsion and auxiliary equipment; the control of damage; and the accomplishment of whose duties are indicated, reports to the
repairs. Engineering Officer:
 a. Damage Control Officer - He is responsible for prevention and control of damage 2. He is also responsible for the preservation of
including control of stability, list and trim; placing the ship in proper condition of closure as equipment related to deck seamanship including
ordered by the CO; coordination and supervision of compartment tests for tightness; those involved in loading and unloading operations;
maintenance of bills for control of stability; posting of correct compartment check-off list; planning and execution of deck seamanship
training of ship's personnel in damage control including fire fighting, and emergency evolutions and operations including anchoring,
repairs; and, operation, care and maintenance of auxiliary machinery piping and drainage mooring, fueling and replenishment at sea;

Deck Officer
systems, shop repair facilities and the repair of hull and boats.

Engineering Officer:
(First
Lieutenant):

b. Repair Officer - He is responsible for planning, scheduling, accomplishing and

inspecting works to ensure its timely and satisfactory completion; establishment of an
adequate job order system; and, preparation of estimated funds required for work to be
performed.

Ship’S organization
1. He is responsible for the preservation and cleanliness of the exterior of the ship except 3. He supervises loading, unloading and stowage of
that part assigned to another department; operation, care and maintenance of the ground cargo; and, supervising operation of paint, sail and
tackle, mooring lines and related equipment, ship's boats, except boat machinery, and of boatswain's lockers as well as garbage disposal.
the life rafts and other lifesaving equipment; towing gears and equipment, rigging,
gangways, fueling and provisioning at sea gears and other deck appurtenances
 Ship’S organization
Gunnery Officer:
He is responsible for the conduct of gunfire ;
1.
operation, care and maintenance of all guns
including designation and fire control equipment
and associated ordnance ; and, training of gunnery
personnel and gun crews .
2 . If no other officer is assigned or designated, the
Deck/Gunnery Officer performs the following
collateral duties :

a . Cargo Officer
b . Special Service Officer
c . Athletic Officer
 Ship’S organization
Mess and Supply Officer:

In large ships, the Mess and Supply Department maybe

organized separately and would have officers assigned to
perform each function . The Mess and Supply Officer is
responsible to the Commanding Officer for procuring,
receiving, storing, issuing, shipping, transferring,
accounting and while in his custody, maintaining all
stores, provisions and equipment of the command .
 Ship’S organization
1. Assists the OOD in the execution of ship's routine including responsibility for
crew turning out promptly at all hands evolutions and reveille, supervising the
control of standing lights, maintaining silence after taps, handling of liberty
parties leaving the ship or returning aboard and in the processing of all newly
reported personnel;
2. Supervises extra duty men and men performing punishments, the rigging and
unrigging for church, movies and other special functions and the preparation of
delinquency reports; maintains a lucky bag; furnishes escorts for the CO, EXO
and visitors as directed; renders 8 o'clock reports if not designated to BMW or
DPOW;
3. Ensures the safety and welfare of prisoners at the brig, frequent inspections of
the ship, that ship's regulations and instructions pertaining visitors are adhered
to and the presence of masters-at-arms at all mess lines, pay lines, store lines,
captain's masts and courts-martial, at scenes of emergencies and other official
gathering of personnel.
 Chief Master-at-Arms
(CMAA):
Philippine Navy Ranks,
Rates, ratings and insignias
Terminologies
Rating – is a term used in the Navy to identify an occupational specialty
that is based on aptitude, training, experience, knowledge and skills of
an individual.

Rate – is the term used to identify the level of achievement and

experties within the individual’s rating. Rate may also be called
paygrade within a rating.

Rank – is the combined rate and rating of an individual.

Unrated/Non-rated/Unclassified – a term used to identify an individual
who has not yet been classified for a particular rating. His rank would
carry an initial (UN).
Ex: ASN(UN)

Striker – a term that applies to an individual in the paygrade E1 to E3.

Petty Officer – a term that applies to an individual in the paygrade E4 to

E7
AFP officers ranks and insignia
AFP enlisted ranks and insignia
PN enlisted rating structures

BM - Boatswain’s Mate
BMs train and supervise personnel in all activities relating to marlinespike, deck
and boat seamanship, and the maintenance of the ship’s external structure and deck
equipment. They act as petty officers in charge of small craft and may perform duties
as master-at arms, serve in or take charge of gun crews and damage control parties.

GM - Gunner’s Mate
Navy GMs operate, maintain and repair all gunnery equipment, guided-missile
launching systems, rocket launchers, guns, gun mounts, turrets, projectors and
associated equipment. They make detailed casualty analyses and repairs of
electrical, electronic, hydraulic and mechanical systems. They also test and inspect
ammunition, missiles and their ordnance components. GMs train and supervise
personnel in the handling and stowage of ammunition, missiles and assigned
ordnance equipment.
 PN enlisted rating structures

QM - Quartermaster
QMs assist the navigator and officer of the deck (OOD), steer the ship, take radar
bearings and ranges, make depth soundings and celestial observations, plot courses and
command small craft. Additionally, they maintain charts, navigational aids and
oceanographic publications and records for the ship’s log. reports. They maintain files
and service records.

ET - Electronics Technician
ETs are responsible for electronic equipment used to send and receive messages,
detect enemy planes and ships, and determine target distances. They must maintain,
repair, calibrate, tune and adjust all electronic equipment used for communications,
detection and tracking, recognition and identification, navigation and electronic
countermeasures.
 PN enlisted rating structures

DK - Disbursing Clerk
DKs maintain the financial records of Navy personnel. They prepare payrolls,
determine transportation entitlements, compute travel allowances and process claims
for reimbursement of travel expenses. DKs also process vouchers for receiving and
spending public money and ensure accounting data is accurate. They maintain fiscal
records and prepare financial reports and returns.

SK - Storekeeper
SKs are the Navy’s supply clerks. They see that needed supplies are available
including everything from clothing and machine parts to forms and food. SKs have
duties as civilian warehousemen, purchasing agents, stock clerks and supervisors, retail
sales clerks, store managers, inventory clerks, buyers, parts clerks, bookkeepers and
even fork lift operators.
 PN enlisted rating structures

YN - Yeoman
YNs perform secretarial and clerical work. They deal with visitors, telephone calls
and incoming mail. YNs organize files and operate copy machines and order and
distribute supplies. They write and type business and social letters, notices, directives,
forms and reports. They maintain files and service records.

DT - Dental Technician
Navy dentists, like many civilian ones, are assisted by dental technicians. DTs have a
variety of “chairside,” laboratory and administrative duties. Some are qualified in
making and fitting artificial teeth; dental X-ray techniques; clinical laboratory required.
 PN enlisted rating structures

HM - Hospital Corpsman
HMs assist medical professionals in providing health care to service people and
their families. They serve as pharmacists, medical technicians, food service personnel,
nurse’s aids, physician’s or dentist’s assistants, battlefield medics, X-ray technicians and
more. An HM’s work falls into several categories: first aid and minor surgery, patient
transportation, patient care, prescriptions and laboratory work, food service inspections
and clerical duties.

EM - Electrician’s Mate
The operation and repair of a ship’s or station’s electrical power plant and electrical
equipment is the responsibility of EMs. They also maintain and repair power and lighting
circuits, distribution switchboards, generators, motors and other electrical equipment.
 PN enlisted rating structures

EN - Engineman
Internal combustion engines, diesel or gasoline, must be kept in good order. This is
the responsibility of ENs. They also maintain refrigeration, air-conditioning, distilling-
plant engines and compressors.

MR - Machinery Repairman
MRs are skilled machine tool operators. They make replacement parts and repair or
overhaul a ship’s engine auxiliary equipment, such as evaporators, air compressors and
pumps. They repair deck equipment, including winches and hoists, condensers and heat
exchange devices. Shipboard MRs frequently operate main propulsion machinery,
besides performing machine shop and repair duties
PN enlisted rating structures

BU - Builder
Navy builders are like civilian construction workers. They are skilled carpenters,
plasterers, roofers, cement finishers, asphalt workers, masons, painters, bricklayers,
sawmill operators or cabinetmakers. BUs build and repair all types of structures
including: piers, bridges, towers, underwater installations, schools, offices, houses and
other buildings.

PH - Photographer’s Mate
PHs photograph actual and simulated battle operations and make photo records of
historic and newsworthy events for the Navy. They expose and process light-sensitive
negatives and positives, maintain cameras, related equipment, photo files and records
and perform other photographic services for the Navy.
 PN enlisted rating structures

AD - Aviation Machinist’s Mate

Usually, ADs are assigned to billets concerned with maintaining turbo-jet aircraft
engines and associated equipment or to any one of several types of aircraft
maintenance activities. ADs maintain, service, adjust and replace aircraft engines and
accessories, as well as perform the duties of flight engineers.

Other Ratings found in PN:

Musician’s Mate Radioman Data Processing

Damage Controlman
Equipment Operator
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MILITARY SCIENCE (MS-1)
Name of Presenter
MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP
 MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP
Marlinespike Seamanship is the art of handling
and working all kinds of fiber and wire rope. It includes
every variety of knotting, splicing, serving, and fancy
work.
• Use line for tying up during mooring and docking
and for rigging aloft or over the side during painting
details.
• Use wire rope during replenishment of supplies
and for highline transfers. These are only a few of the
jobs that require to use line or wire rope; there are
many more.
 MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP
Rope
Rope is manufactured from wire, fiber, and
combinations of the two. Fiber rope or line, as it is
commonly called, is fashioned from natural or synthetic
fibers.

In the Navy, sailors refer to fiber rope as line, whereas they

refer to wire rope as rope, wire rope, or just wire. More
clearly defined, a line is a piece of rope, either fiber or
synthetic, that is in use or has been cut for a specific
purpose, such as a lifeline, heaving line, or lead line.
 MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP
Construction of Line
Line currently used in the Navy may be three-
strand line, braided, or plaited. In three-strand line,
fibers are twisted into yarns or threads, the yarns are
twisted in the opposite direction into strands, and the
strands are twisted in the first direction, making line.
Taking the process further, lines are twisted into
cable. Line can have various numbers of strands, and
the direction the strands are twisted determines the
lay of the line. That is, if the strands are twisted to the
right, the line is said to be right-laid.
 MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP
Use and Care of Line
• Coil right-laid line right-handed or clockwise. Flake
down braided and plaited line.
• Keep line from touching stays, guys, or other standing
rigging.
• When surging line around bitts, take off enough turns
so the line does not jerk but surges smoothly.
• If line becomes chafed or damaged, cut and splice. A
good splice is safer than a damaged section. However,
do not cut a line without your supervisor's permission.
• Do not lubricate the line.
• Whip all line ends.
MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP
Use and Care of Line
• Inspect natural fiber line frequently for
deterioration. Open the lay and inspect the
fibers. White, powdery residue indicates internal
wear.
• Dragging a line over sharp or rough objects cuts
or breaks the outer fibers. When line is dragged
on the ground, other particles are picked up and
eventually work into the line, cutting the inner
strands.
• Natural fiber line exposed to the atmosphere
deteriorates about 30 percent in 2 years from
weathering alone. Natural fiber line received
from supply that is 3 years old should be
returned to supply noting uneconomical to use.
MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP

Small Stuff
Line 1 1/2 inches or less in circumference is called
small stuff. Its size specification is governed by the
number of yarns it contains (called threads in this
instance).
USE OF SMALL STUFF
Round line is three -strand, right-laid tarred
hemp is used for seizing and servings on ships where
neatness is required.
Sail twine is small stuff laid up right -
handed by machine, like regular line, but it is not
much larger than fishing line is used for servings
when a fancier job than can be done with marline is
desired.
Cod line is the light, white line formerly
used in hammock clews (lines for suspending a
hammock) is used for decorative purposes.
 MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP
Securing Ends
Never leave the end of a line dangling loose without a
whipping to prevent it from unlaying. The end of line
will begin to unlay of its own accord. To prevent
fraying, you should put a temporary plain whipping on
with anything, even a rope yarn.
 MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP
Knots
The bowline is a good knot with many
uses. It is used whenever a loop is needed, such
as in making a temporary eye in a mooring line.
According to a Seaman's use of the term knot,
the line usually is bent to itself. The knot forms
an eye or knob or secures a cord or line around
an object, such as a package.
 MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP
Bending To a Hook, Ring or Spar
You can use a hitch to secure a line to a hook,
ring or spar. We will describe various hitches in
this section. A hitch differs from a knot in that it
ordinarily is tied to a ring, around a spar or
stanchion, or around another line. It is not tied
back on itself to form an eye or to bend two lines
together.
 MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP

Eye Splice
To make an eye splice with manila or synthetic lines,
you must untwist the strands in the end of your line
anywhere from 4 inches to 2 feet, depending on the
size of the line, and splice them into the standing
part of the line by tucking the unlaid strands from
the end into the standing part.
 MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP
Short Splice
Lines are short spliced together when a
slight enlargement of the diameter of the
line is of no importance. Slings are made of
pieces of line, with their own ends short
spliced together.
 FOUR CLASSES OF KNOTS
Class 1 Knots - knots in the end of a line. It will not slip or jam.
the end of line, used in • Running bowline – a convenient form of
fastening a line upon itself or
around an object running an eye. Formed by making a bowline
• Overhand Knot – over its own standing part.
used in making • Bowline on a bight – used to sling a man over
other knots. the side. It will not slip and constrict him
Never used alone • French Bowline – has the same purpose as the
bowline on a bight. It gives two loops that can
FOUR CLASSES OF KNOTS
• Bowline - a be adjusted to fit.
temporary eye in Class 1 Knots - knots in the end of line, used in fastening a
line upon itself or around an object
•Spanish bowline - • Cats Paw - a double loop formed by twisting
Can be used wherever two bights of a rope. The hook of a tackle is
it is desirable to have passed through them.
two eyes in the line. • Figure Eight – used to prevent the end of line
Its primary purpose form unreeling through a block or eyebolt.
however is, as a • Black Wall Hitch – used to secure a line to a
substitute for the hook quickly
boatswains chair.
• Sheepshank – used
to shorten a rope in
three parts, and half
hitch each part
around the bight of
the other two parts.
 FOUR CLASSES OF KNOTS
Class 2 Knots
- Knots for binding two lines together
• Square or reef knot - used for tying reef points and bending lines together
• Granny knot – usually mistaken for a square knot. It will slip under strain.
• Sheet or becket bend (single) – used for bending line to becket and for bending lines of
different sizes together.
• Sheet or becket bend (double) - same use as the sheet or becket bend (single)
• Two bowlines – a safe and convenient way of bending two hawsers together
• Carrick Bend – used to bend two hawsers together – it noll not slip or jam, and no matter how
long the hawsers are in the water it can e easily untied
• Reeving line bend – used to bend together two lines that must reeve around a capstan or
which drum.
 FOUR CLASSES OF KNOTS
Class 3 Knots
- knots that secure a line to a ring or spar (hitches or bends)
• Fisherman’s Bend - used to secure a rope to a toupee or a hawsers to the ring of a anchor
• Tolling hitch - used to bend a line to a spar or to the standing part of another line
• Round Turn and Two Half Hitches –used to secure the end of a line made around any other
object.
• Clove or Ratline Hitch – convenient for making a line fast to a spar, the standing part of another
line, or a bollard.
• Half hitch or two half hitch – used to secure a line temporarily around any object
• Stopper hitch – used to check a running line
• Cats paw – used to secure a line to a hook.
 FOUR CLASSES OF
KNOTS
Class 4 Knots - knots used to give finished to the end of a line and
to prevent unreeling or for ornamental purposes.
• Wall knot - the reverse of a crown knot. It is never used alone, but
always as a part of a line. There are various combination of wall and
crown knot.
• Crown knot the simplest and best-known knots in the end of a line.
It is never used alone, but always as a part of some other knot.
• Manrope - combination of a double crown and wall not. An
ornamental knot worked in the end of gangway (handrails made of line)
• Mathew Walker - the navy standard knot for the end of hammock
jackstay. The three strands are bought back together, so they can be
laid up again.
WIRE ROPES
Wire Rope
The basic unit of wire -rope construction is the
individual wire made of steel or other metal in
various sizes. These wires are laid together to
form strands.
The number of wires in a strand varies according
to the purpose for which the rope is intended. A
number of strands are laid together to form the wire
rope itself.
Wire rope is designated by the number of strands
per rope and the number of wires per strand. Thus,
a 6 X 19 rope has 6 strands with 19 wires per strand,
but has the same outside diameter as a 6 X 37 wire
rope, which has 6 strands with 37 wires of much
smaller size per strand.
Wire rope is made of annealed steel, traction
steel, or improved plow steel. The basic metal may
be plain or galvanized.
 DECK SHIMANSHIP
In general, rigging is a large part of deck seamanship. The ship's
standing rigging consists of lines, wires, turnbuckles, and other gear
supporting and attached to the stacks, the masts, and the topside
structure. Running rigging includes the rigging used in hoisting and
lowering heavy weights or in positioning and operating movable deck
gear.
 DECK SHIMANSHIP
Ground Tackles
Equipment used in anchoring and
mooring with anchors and buoy
mooring with chain and appendages.
The following are defined as
ground tackle: • Anchor chain, wire
rope, synthetic line, or combinations
of these materials, when used with
anchors
• Appendages consisting of
connecting shackles or links,
detachable links, pear-shaped links,
end links, bending shackles, mooring
shackles, mooring swivels,
detachable-link tool sets, clear hawse
pendants, dip ropes, chain stoppers,
wrenches for chain stoppers,
outboard swivel shots, chain cable
jacks, mooring hooks, chain hooks,
anchor bars, and anchor buoys.
DECK SHIMANSHIP

Types of Anchor
Anchors used in the Navy today
are grouped according to type. The
most common types used are
stockless anchors, lightweight (LWT)
or stock -incrown anchors, and two -
fluke balanced -fluke anchors. Stock
anchors (old-fashioned) and
mushroom anchors are no longer
specified as a part of Navy ship
ground tackle.
 TYPES OF ANCHOR
1. Stockless Anchor
Three designs of stockless anchors are in use
on naval ships: commercial, standard Navy, and
the Mark 2.
 TYPES OF ANCHOR
2. Lightweight Anchor
Two types of lightweight anchors are used on Navy ships: the Mk 2
LWT and the wedge block LWT anchor.
 TYPES OF ANCHOR
3. Two-Fluke Balanced
-Fluke Anchor
The two-fluke balanced-fluke anchor is used for anchoring some
surface ships and the newer submarines and is normally housed in the
bottom of the ship. This anchor is used on certain combatant-type
surface ships in place of a bower anchor, which could interfere with the
ship's sonar dome.
 TYPES OF ANCHOR
4. Stock Anchor
Old-fashioned, or stock, anchors have been abandoned by large
merchant and Navy ships because they are extremely cumbersome and
difficult to stow.
 TYPES OF ANCHOR

5. Mushroom Anchor
Mushroom anchors are shaped like a mushroom with a long narrow
stem serving as the shank.

ring

shank

cup
 CHAIN AND APPENDAGES
Navy anchor chain of the flash butt welded type is the Navy standard for
new ship constructions and replaces die-lock chain as required for back
fit. An anchor chain is made up of many parts besides common links and
requires a variety of equipment and fittings to use and maintain the
chain. The following descriptions will acquaint you with the details of
anchor chain and some of the equipment associated with using and
maintaining the chain.
 CHAIN AND APPENDAGES

1. Detachable Links 2. Chain Swivels

 CHAIN AND APPENDAGES

3. Chain Stopper 4. Mooring Shackle

 CHAIN AND APPENDAGES

5. Mooring Swivels 6. Clear Hawse Pendants

 ANCHOR WINDLASS
Windlasses are installed on board ships primarily for handling and
securing the anchor and chain used for anchoring the ship and for
handling anchor chain used for towing the ship.
 DECK FITTINGS
Deck fittings are the various devices attached to the hull that assist in
handling the ship.
 PAINTING
The protection of metal surfaces is the chief objectives of painting done
aboardship. Paints and varnishes are also used to decorate surfaces.
The only effective protection against rust is good paint properly applied
to metal surface that have been carefully prepared for painting.
 PAINTING
Preparing Surfaces for Painting
Even the most expensive paint is of little value if it is applied on an insecure
foundation.
Loose old paint, rush, dirt, dust, moisture of grease on any surface will prevent new
paint from adhering to.
Before painting steel, it is necessary to remove all scale, grease, rust and moisture.
Rust spreads even if it is covered by paint.
Painting rusty surface causes paint to flake off.
Rust and old paint may be removed in several ways depending on the thickness of the
coating, thickness of steel underneath, and materials stored on either side of steel
plating.
PAINTING
Tools for Removing Rust and Old Pa
•Scraper – used for removing rust on
plating surfaces.
•Wire Brush – used as welded areas.
•Sand Paper – used as abrasive to polish.
•Chipping Hammer – used for thick rust.
•Scaling Hammer or Jitterbug – never
used in plating less than ¼ inch in
thickness.
•Rotary Power Brush – it is operated by
compressed air.
•Power Sander – it is also operated by
compressed air.
•Rotary Chipping Tool.
•Blow Torch – satisfactory but should be
hot enough to blister the paint and to
burn wood underneath or to discolor
paint.
 PAINTING
Application of Paint for Brush
•Hold brush firmly by the handle not by the stock. If held by the stock, hands
become covered with paint and may cause poisoning especially if small cuts are
exposed and lead paints are used.
•Hold brush at right angle to the surface with the end of the bristles alone
touching and lift it clear to the surface when starting the return stroke.
•Do not completely fill the brush with paint. Dip only the end of the bristles
into the paint. Do not charge the brush with paint until the preceding charge
has become sufficiently exhausted.
•Apply paint with long stroke parallel to the grain of the wood.
•Cross the work by laying on the paint over a small section with parallel
strokes. Then cross the first application with parallel strokes at right angle to
the first one, all laying off (final) should be lengthwise.
•For vertical surfaces, work should be laid
off vertically.
•For overhead surfaces, ceiling panels
should be laid off fore and aft and the
beams athwartships.
•Keep paint well-mixed while work is
proceeding.
Best result can be obtained by applying
two coats of thin or medium body
paint than one coat of heavy paint
 PAINTING
Types of Paint Brushes and Uses
• Flat Paint Brush - large surface
• Oval Sash and Trim Brush - small
surface
• Fitch Brush - small and very small
surfaces
• Oval Varnish Brush - rough
• Flat Varnish Brush - medium work
• French Bristle Brush - high grade
work
• Lettering Brush -small surface &
large work
• Painter Duster- cleaning work
 PAINTING
Care of Brushes
Before using, rinse brushes with paint thinner and soak in boiled
oil for
about 48 hours to make them more flexible and
easier to clean. Care after use:
• Provide a container with compartments for stowing different
types of brushes for a short period.
• The bristles must not touch the bottom as they eventually
become distorted.
• Brushes which are to be used the following day should be
cleaned with proper thinner and placed in the proper
compartment of the container.
• Brushes not to be used soon should be cleaned in thinner,
washed with soap and water and hang to dry. After drying,
wrapped in waxed paper and stowed flat.
• Do not leave brush soaking in the water because it will cause
the bristles to separate into hunches, flares and become
bushy.
 PAINTING
Proper Cleaners for Brushes with Different Finishes

Oil base paints and varnishes -- turpentine or mineral spirits

Water based paint--------------- water
Shellac----------------------------- alcohol
Lacquer ------------------------- -- lacquer thinner
Enamel Paint ---------------------- paint thinner
PAINTING SAFETY
PRECAUTION
• Complete ventilation of the compartment is essential to
ensure immediate removal of vapors and paint dusts.
• Personnel using spray gun should wear clothing which fits
smartly or tightly at the ankles, neck and wrist.
• Approved respirator must be worn and parts of the body
not protected by clothing should be covered with
petrolatum (Vaseline).
• Smoking, open flames, welding, grounding of spray
equipment, chipping, and other spark-producing
operations are prohibited in the compartment when
spraying is in progress.
• Explosion proof portable lights should be used.
• Bulbs must not be replaced in a compartment or tank
being painted until flammable or
explosive vapors have been
removed.
PAINTING SAFETY
PRECAUTION
•Painted compartments long closed without ventilation
must be entered with caution.
• Paint and varnish removers should not be used by
persons having open cuts on their hands, unless rubber
gloves are used.
• Paint and varnish removers should not be used in
confined spaces because some have dangerous anesthetic
property.
• If paint and varnish removers touch the skin and begin
to burn, wash off with cold water immediately and consult
the medical officer.
• Never use turpentine, spirits or other thinners for
cleaning your hands after work because they can be
absorbed through the skin pores. Use hand soap and water
only.
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 Damage control system

MILITARY SCIENCE (MS-2)

Name of Presenter
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION

DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM

WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY
MATERIAL CONDITION OF READINESS
FIREFIGHTING
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION
DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM
DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM

Damage Control –
Procedure that helps reduce
the harmful effects of
impairment to the ship.

Preserve the watertight

integrity of the ship.
Make rapid repairs to
damage gear on structures.
Maintain the stability and
maneuverability of the ship
 DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM

THE DIFFERENT DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM

Drainage and flooding system.

Fire Main and Sprinkling system.

Fuel and fresh water system.

DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM

▪ Drainage and Flooding

Drainage used for:

a. Removing large quantity of water
from compartment
b. Removing water from the hull under
normal operating condition.

Flooding used for:

a. Flooding compartments to balance
the ship.
 DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM

THREE PRINCIPAL TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM:

1. Main drainage system – High capacity and is made up of

piping and pumps that can move large quantities of water
in short time.
2. Secondary drainage system – Serves to drain small
compartment forward and aft of the time drainage system.
3. Main condenser circulatory pumps – Can be used for
emergency drainage of the engine room.
DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM

▪ Fire Main System – made up of

piping , pumps, plugs, valves
and controls designed to supply
plenty of water for fighting.

▪ Fuel Fresh Water System –

Consists of tanks, filling lines
and feed lines. This is important
in damage control because the
list and trim of the ship can be
partially controlled by shifting
contents of the tanks.
WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY
 WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY

The progress of damage control depends upon

the proper utilization of watertight integrity
features of the ships. The ships is divided into
compartments and its purpose are:

1. Control flooding
2. Segregate activities of personnel
3. Provide underwater protection by
means of tanks and voids.
 WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY

The large combatant ships have an armored belt to protect

vital machine spaces. In some instances where an increase
in an armored belt would reduce speed or have an adverse
effect in the open of the ship as in aircraft carrier.
Compartmentation has been increased to compensate for
reduction of armor.

1. Bulkhead
– a traverse or longitudinal
partition that separate
the compartment.
WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY
▪ Watertight bulkhead:
a. Heavier metal than ordinary bulkhead.
b. Some area unpierced except with
watertight door or piping and wiring.

▪ Collision Bulkhead:
a. Designed to protect flooding through
the ship.
b. Bow collision bulkhead is the first
transverse bulkhead aft of the stern.
c. The last transverse bulkhead aft is the
collision bulkhead that protects the after part
of the ship.
 WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY
▪ Doors and Hatches:
Enclosures for bulkhead opening. They are
constructed such they will be as structurally strong as
the bulkhead where they are installed.
1. Watertight doors
a. Used in watertight bulkhead
on second deck and below.
b. Designed to resist 1 ½ times
as much pressure as the
bulkhead it services.
c. Has 6 to 12 dogs for securing.
 WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY

2. Non-watertight Doors

a. Used on non-watertight
bulkheads.
b. Usually they have fewer dogs
than watertight doors and are made
NON WATERTIGHT DOOR
of dogs which require individual
protection.

3. Hatches – are merely horizontal

doors which are used for access
through decks.
WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY

▪ Closure Fitting And Gaskets:

1. Gasket
a. Made of rubber installed on
doors and hatches.
b. Close against knife edges to
form a water tight fitting and form air
and gas tight fitting.
c. Must be kept free of dirt and
grease.
WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY

2. Knife edges
a. Built out from decks and
bulkheads.
b. Gasket on watertight doors
and hatches close on knife edges.
3. Dogs and Pins
a. Pins – are used to connect
dogs to the deck or bulkheads.
b. Dogs – are used to make
closure.
MATERIAL CONDITION OF
READINESS
MATERIAL CONDITION OF
READINESS

Material Condition of
Readiness –
refers to the degree of
access and systems of
closure to limit the
extent of damage.
 MATERIAL CONDITION OF
READINESS
Condition X-Ray – Set when
x enemy is improbable.
a. Provide less protection
aboardship.
b. Set when no any danger attack
from enemy.
x
c. X-Ray fittings close when not
in use.
d. Set and maintained by division
responsible for the operation of the
ship.
 MATERIAL CONDITION OF
READINESS

Y
Condition Yoke – Set when enemy is probable.
a. Provide more protection than
condition X-ray.
b. Set and maintained.
(1) When the ship is anchored in
unprotected port during wartime.
x (2) At sea during wartime.
(3) Leaving/entering port during peacetime.
(4) At any other time during outside regular
working hours.
 MATERIAL CONDITION OF
READINESS

Condition Yoke – Set when enemy is probable.

Y
c. X-ray and Yoke are
fittings to be closed during
condition Yoke.
d. Set and maintain by
division responsible for
cleaning and maintaining the
space in which such
x

classification fitting are

located.
MATERIAL CONDITION OF
READINESS

Condition Zebra – Set when

enemy is eminent.
a. Provide the maximum degree
of watertight integrity.
b. Set and maintain.
(1) Before going to or entering
port during wartime.
(2) Without further order when
manning GQ station.
MATERIAL CONDITION OF
READINESS
MODIFIED MARKINGS CLOSURES,
VALVE AND FITTINGS
Circle X-Ray – black X in a black circle.
Secured during condition X-Ray,
Yoke and Zebra.
Circle Yoke – Black Y in a black circle.
Secured during condition Yoke and Zebra.
a. Circle X and Circle Yoke maybe
open without special authority when:
(1) Going to a securing from GQ station.
(2) Transferring of ammo.
 MATERIAL CONDITION OF
READINESS
MODIFIED MARKINGS CLOSURES,
VALVE AND FITTINGS
b. Applies to special fittings that gives access to:
(1) Battle station
(2) Access in transferring ammo
(3) Operating vital system
 MATERIAL CONDITION OF
READINESS

Circle Zebra – Red Z within red circle.

a. Secured during condition Zebra.
b. May be open during prolonged period of
GQ which is authorized by the CO only.
 MATERIAL CONDITION OF
READINESS
Dog Zebra – Red Z within a black D.
a. Secured during condition Z and darken ship
condition.
b. Applies to weather deck access not equipped
with darken ship switch or light traps.
 MATERIAL CONDITION OF
READINESS
William – Black W
a. Special classification which is kept open
during all material condition.
b. Vital valve if secured would impair the
mobility and fire protection of the ship.
c. Applies to vital sea suction valve supplying
main and auxiliary condenser in fire flushing
valve.
 MATERIAL CONDITION OF
READINESS
Circle William – Black W within a black circle.
a. Open as William but secured and is used for
defense against NBC attack.
b. Applies to ventilation fittings.
FIREFIGHTING
FIREFIGHTING
Fires start when a flammable and/or a combustible
material (FUEL), in combination with a sufficient
quantity of an oxidizer (OXYGEN), is exposed to a
source of HEAT or ambient temperature above
the flash point for the fuel/oxidizer mix, and is able to
sustain a rate of rapid oxidation that produces
a CHAIN REACTION. This is commonly called the FIRE
TETRAHEDRON. Fire cannot exist without all of these
elements in place and in the right proportions. For
example, a flammable liquid will start burning only if
the fuel and oxygen are in the right proportions.

Once ignited, a chain reaction must take place

whereby fires can sustain their own heat by the
further release of heat energy in the process of
combustion and may propagate, provided there is a
continuous supply of an oxidizer and fuel.
FIREFIGHTING

Classification of fire and remedy:

1. Class A - Involves common combustible

materials like papers, woods, ropes, canvass etc.
Best remedy is solid stream or water spray.
2. Class B - Involving flammable liquids and
gases.
Examples:
Kerosene, LPG, Gasoline etc. Best remedy
is water fog, Foam forming fire extinguisher.
Last resort is steam.
FIREFIGHTING

3. Class C - Involved energized electrical

equipment. First choice is CO2. Last resort
is water fog. But is harmful to equipment
and dangerous to personnel.
4. Class D - Involves combustible metal
such as thermite, sodium and magnesium.
a. Thermite fire - has no known
extinguishing agent. Flooding the
surrounding may help
b. Magnesium fire - CO2 has no effect.
Water fog is effective.
c. Sodium Fire - Use dry chemical.
 FIREFIGHTING

Everyone on aboardship have another big job - to

work aside from their primary duties. This big job is
to look out constantly for the safety of the ship and
crew. When the ship puts out on a mission, all hands
must do everything they can to:
▪ Keep the ship afloat
▪ Keep the ship underway
▪ Keep the guns firing or ready to fire
▪ Protect the lives of the crew
 FIREFIGHTING

Causes of damage to a ship is divided into:

▪ Fire
▪ Collision
▪ Enemy Action
▪ Grounding
▪ Weather

Fire - Is a chemical reaction between three

elements such as oxygen, fuel and heat.
FIREFIGHTING
FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT:
Firefighting equipment are classified into:
1. Portable - can be carried to the scene of
fire. Contained in a cylindrical bottle.
2. Installed - are permanently or
semi-permanently fitted on a ship and include
the following:
a. Fire Main System
b. All-purpose fire nozzles and applicators.
c. Foam equipment
d. Fog sprays
e. CO2 Rail system
f. Mechanical Foam Equipment
 FIREFIGHTING

SPECIAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:

The Navy believes in protecting its fire fighter. This

protection includes the use of the following:
1. Oxygen Breathing apparatus (OBA)
2. Asbestos Suits
3. Hose (Air line) Mask
4. Life line
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION

safety precaution
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION

You cannot win against fire. You

can fight it, and you can hold down its
damage. But some property will be
destroyed and all too often men will be
injured and even killed. Time is
always lost, productive work is
interrupted and additional efforts and
materials are required to make repairs
and to clean up the mess. The best
thing therefore is to prevent fire from
starting.
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION

1. Three (3) general rules to good fire

prevention:
a. Keep things clean. Shipshape and in their
right places.
b. Keep flammable materials (gasoline, oily
rags, paints, etc) away from fire starting things
(torches, cigarettes, sparking equipment, heated
areas). Do not take open flames near gasoline tank.
Do not bring cleaning fluid near torch.
c. Keep the correct fire fighting equipment in
the right places and in good condition.
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION

2. Fuel oil – Fuel oil itself is

non-explosive and very difficult
to ignite, and is normally
incapable of spontaneous
combustion. Fuel oil vapor
however is heavier than air and it
will accumulate in bulges and
bottoms of tanks where it
remains undiscovered until
ignited by a naked light or spark.
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION

3. Static Electricity:

Static Electricity is produced

when gasoline or similar
flammable liquids flow through
hose, poured from one receptacle
to another passed thru a filter or
even splashed around a can.
Enough static electricity can
accumulate to cause a spark
which can result in fire and
explosion.
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION
4. Electrical Equipment:

The following requirements are

particularly not applicable where work
with electricity is being carried on.
a. Gasoline and similar flammable
cleaning fluids are not used on either
energized or de-energized electrical
apparatus.
b. Alcohol is not used for cleaning
equipment. It damages most types of
insulating varnishes.
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION

d. Oil, grease, carbon

dust, etc can be ignited by
electrical spark. Machinery
is to be kept absolutely
clean and free of all such
deposit.
END OF LECTURE

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MILITARY SCIENCE (MS-2)
Name of Presenter
THE PHILIPPINE NAVY

NAVAL CUSTOMS AND

FOUR-FOLD
TRADITIONS MISSION:
1. National Defense
2. Security Operations
3. Deterrence
4. National Development
Honors
1. Salute
➢ The purpose for this
movement, is to demonstrate
mutual respect and courtesy
between members of military
organizations and to show
respect to National Colors
➢ There are one counts
involved with this movement.

➢ This movement is
executed when halted at
Attention, marching at Quick
Time, or seated in a vehicle.
➢ commands for this
movement are “ HAND,
SALUTE”, “READY, TWO”
 Honors
2. Honors to the Flag
a. Colors – paying honors to the flag; hoisted in the
morning and lowered in the afternoon.
a. For ships not underway and Shore
Commands:
Sunrise – Morning Colors
Sunset – Evening Colors
b. For ships underway:
National ensign is raised/lowered at the mast; the
jack flag is not raised.
 Honors
Shifting colors:
When ship leaves the pier or weighs
her anchor, shifts the National Ensign from the
flag gaff to mast. The national Ensign is then
called steaming ensign. Jack Flag is lowered at
the same time.

When ship arrives at the pier or

anchors: Shifts the National from mast to flag
gaff. Jack flag is raised at the same time.
 Honors

b. Honors Rendered by Merchant Ships

(Dipping):
Merchant ships salute navy ships by dipping their
ensign. Navy Ships respond by lowering the steaming
ensign to half-mast for a few seconds then close it up.
After which, the merchant ship may raise again her flag.
 honors

c. Passing Honors: honors exchange

between two ships or boats when comes
close aboard (Distance : Ships: 600 yds
Boats: 400 yds)
Ships/boats who’s Commanding
Officer/Boat Captain is junior in rank renders
passing honors to Commanding Officer/Boat
Captain Senior in rank.
 Other honors
• The arrival/departure of the ship’s Captain is
usually announced at the PA system. He is always
piped when he boards or leaves the ship
•Nobody is allowed to sit in the Captain’s Chair at
the bridge unless offered.
•In boarding the ship, Junior goes first. In
disembarking, senior goes first.
•Navy Officers eat in the place called “Wardroom”
•Side boys are detailed in the quarter deck to
welcome a distinguished visitor:
CAPT AND BELOW – 4 side boys
COMMO TO REAR ADMIRAL – 6 side boys
VICE ADMIRAL UP – 8 side boys
 Customs
Bridge Customs: Bridge is the center of operations of the ship while
underway. If CO is present, appropriate greetings must be
rendered.

Procedure in Entering/Leaving the Ship:

• At the gangway – if the National ensign is flying, turn aft
before getting aboard and salute the ensign. Upon
boarding, before striking the ship’s deck, render another
salute to the OOD or his/her representative by saying
“Request permission to come aboard Sir.” For
disembarking, it is done in a reverse manner.
• When boarding in-group – only the one in charge shall
render salute.
 Customs
Crossing the Nest:
Usually done when your ship is in nest with
other ships:
Boarding: Salute the colors and OOD of
inboard ship
Say “Request Permission to cross” until you
reach your own ship
 Customs

Half Masting:
Tribute to the dead.
Basic Rule for Boats and Vehicles:
“SENIORS ARE LAST IN, FIRST OUT”
Divine Services:
•Church pennant is flown at the mast
•All persons within the area are required to uncover
including watches
Sick Bay:

Observe Wardroom Etiquette

Officers and CPO Country:
Includes staterooms, mess hall for CPO’s, wardroom and
living spaces:
•EP are not allowed to enter unless on official business.
•NOT used as passageways or shortcuts
At the Mess Hall:
 Naval terms and phraseologies

•Aye-Aye- a reply to an order to indicate that it is understood and will be carried out
•Billet allotted sleeping place: also a man s location in the ships organization
•Black Gang- slang for the engineering force
•Bear Hand- cooperation among the ship s company
•All Hands- entire ship’s company
•Boot- slang for new recruit
•Coxswain- enlisted men in charge of a boat
•Field day- general cleaning day aboard ship, usually a day before inspection
•Flag Officer- an officer with the rank of COMMODORE and above
•Gangway- opening in the bulwarks: order to stand a while and get out of way
•General Quarters- battle station for all hands
•Java- slang for coffee time
•Jump ship- slang for leaving the ship without authority/permission
 Naval terms and phraseologies

•Lucky bag- stowage of article found adrift

•Passageway- corridor
•Pipe down- an order to keep silent
•Pass the word- to repeat an order or information to the crew
•Sea dog- an old sailor
•Sea lawyer- an enlisted men who likes to argue; usually one who thinks he can twist the
regulations and standing order to favor his personal inclinations
•Skag- slang for cigarettes
•Ship-shape- term for a neat and orderly condition
•Sickbay- ships hospital or dispensary
•Skippy- slang for undershirt
•Secure- to make fast; to tie; an order given in completion of a drill or exercise meaning to
withdraw from drill station and duties
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