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    Polity 02 - Daily Class Notes - UPSC Prahar 2024 (Hinglish)

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    kartikira12
    Polity refers to a political entity where people are organized for governance through a common identity and relationship. A state contains a government, sovereignty over a territory and population. India's constitution establishes a democratic socialist republic where equality is achieved through democratic means under the supreme law which defines the separation of powers and reflects the values of the people. The constitution is the fundamental law that limits government power and all laws and decisions must conform to it.

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    Polity 02 - Daily Class Notes - UPSC Prahar 2024 (Hinglish)

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    kartikira12
    13 views3 pages
    Polity refers to a political entity where people are organized for governance through a common identity and relationship. A state contains a government, sovereignty over a territory and population. India's constitution establishes a democratic socialist republic where equality is achieved through democratic means under the supreme law which defines the separation of powers and reflects the values of the people. The constitution is the fundamental law that limits government power and all laws and decisions must conform to it.

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    Polity 02 _ Daily Class Notes __ UPSC Prahar 2024 (Hinglish)

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    Polity refers to a political entity where people are organized for governance through a common identity and relationship. A state contains a government, sovereignty over a territory and population. India's constitution establishes a democratic socialist republic where equality is achieved through democratic means under the supreme law which defines the separation of powers and reflects the values of the people. The constitution is the fundamental law that limits government power and all laws and decisions must conform to it.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views3 pages

    Polity 02 - Daily Class Notes - UPSC Prahar 2024 (Hinglish)

    Uploaded by

    kartikira12
    Polity refers to a political entity where people are organized for governance through a common identity and relationship. A state contains a government, sovereignty over a territory and population. India's constitution establishes a democratic socialist republic where equality is achieved through democratic means under the supreme law which defines the separation of powers and reflects the values of the people. The constitution is the fundamental law that limits government power and all laws and decisions must conform to it.

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    of 3

    1

    DAILY
    CLASS NOTES
    Indian Polity

    Lecture – 02
    Basic concepts
    2

    Basic concepts
    Polity:
     It means a political entity that is a group of people who are having the capacity to mobilise the resources
    for their well-being. This group of people have some sort of relationship with each other. They have a
    common entity.
     People in a polity are organised for the purpose of governance.
     For Eg: Republic may be a polity represented by an elected representative.
    Definition of a State:
     A state contains the following:
    Polity is the coming together of individuals who share a common
    1. Government identity, aiming to mobilize resources and take collective decisions for
    the well-being and governance of their state
    2. Sovereignty
    3. Territory
    4. Population
    Government:
     It is a group of people who officially control a country.
     Government is a form of rule through which a state is governed.
     Any civilised society needs a government. Without a government, a civilised society, will not be able to
    function properly.
    Governance:
     According to the World Bank governance can be defined as the way in which countries' economic and
    social resources are managed for the welfare of the people.
     It is an act of collective decision-making.
    Definition of a State:
     It is one in which it has territory.
     It must have a population.
     The state must have a sovereign government. (Sovereignty).
    Sovereignty:
     It refers to the uncontrolled power of the state while taking its decisions. It means India, while taking its
    decisions does not recognise any other power.
     For example: India is a sovereign nation, which means India considers itself a supreme power externally as
    well as internally.
    3

    Democratic Socialism:
     India adopted this brand of socialism.
     According to democratic socialism, equality in Indian society is to be achieved through democratic ways.
     It is one of the most important principles that has been provided under the Indian constitution.
    Note: Both sovereignty and socialism will be discussed in detail in the preamble.
    Constitution:
     It is the supreme law of the land. It means all the laws passed by the legislature must conform to the
    Constitution.
     All those customs and traditions must conform to the Constitution.
     All the decisions taken by the executive must conform to the Constitution.
     It derives its power from the people of India. And the legislature, executive and judiciary derive their
    power from the constitution.
     It limits the power of the government. For example: If there is a clash between a law passed by parliament
    and the constitution then the law passed by parliament shall be called as unconstitutional and void because it
    violates the constitution.
     The constitution is the fundamental law of the country because India as a political unit will not survive
    without a constitution. It establishes the main organs of the state which are legislature, executive and
    judiciary.
     It also defines the powers and demarcates the responsibilities of various organs of the government.
     It reflects the values and aspirations of the people.
    Functions of the Constitution:
    1. It contains the functions of various organs of the government namely the Legislature, Executive and
    Judiciary.
    2. It is the fundamental law of the country.
    3. It also contains the provision for the amendment of the Constitution.
    4. It limits the power of the government.
    5. It reflects the ideology of the country.

    

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