Green Chemistry & Technology Letters

eISSN: 2455-3611, 3(1), 2017, pp 01-08,

https://doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2017.311

WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE PIMPRI CHINCHWAD, PUNE,

INDIA
Dr. Harsha Chatrath,
Adjunct Professor, Dr. D.Y. Patil College, Pune
harshamohini@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To create awareness about utilization of waste
Methodology: Survey of utilization of garbage at international level with special reference to Pimpri
Chinchwad area of Pune
Findings: Garbage can is utilized for making manure, vermin compost, generating electricity etc.
Social/ Academic Implications: Clean India Green India
Originality/Novelty of article: Recycling of all types of garbage for fruitful utilization.
Beginning of civilization led to development around river banks. Things could be managed during those days as
people lived in harmony with the nature. The scenario changed with industrialization which started creating
havoc at the end of 19th century when the industrial revolution took the world of consumer by leaps and bounds,
which led to concentration of population packets in and around the industrial areas. This rapid change in the
development brought forth many challenges before the planning authorities especially the provision of basic
amenities and hygienic place of living. The biggest challenge before the administration was and is to manage the
waste generated by this large population. The solid waste generation has become a continuous global problem at
all levels throughout the world. [1]
Key Words: Types of waste, recycling, waste management, treatment and disposal of waste, Waste hierarchy
TERMINOLOGY
Solid waste: It is the organic and inorganic waste material produced by various activities of the society, which
have lost their value to the first user. Improper disposal of solid waste pollutes the environment at all levels i.e.
local and global. This problem is more acute in developing countries as compared to developed ones because
their economic growth and urbanization is more rapid. India is facing complex problem in this respect as it is
one of the fastest, developing nation both economically as well as industrially. This fast pace of urbanization has
resulted in creation of excessive waste.[2]
Waste referred as rubbish, trash, garbage or junk, is unwanted or unusable material. Waste if hazardous or toxic
can be harbinger of disease and death, not only for living beings but also for everything that sustains life e.g.
water, air, soil and food. [2]
Solid Waste can be defined as any solid or semi solid substance or object resulting from human or animal
activities, discarded, useless or unwanted. It may be generated by household, industrial, agricultural or
commercial activities. [2]
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) or Urban Solid Waste (USW) predominantly consists of domestic waste
along with other wastes like construction, demolition debris etc. They are either in solid or semisolid forms and
generally exclude hazardous waste. [2]
Waste management is the sum of all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to
its final disposal. This includes amongst other things, collection, transport, treatment and disposal
of waste together with monitoring and regulation. It also includes the legal and regulatory framework that relates
to waste management about guidance on recycling etc. The rational and consistent waste management practices
give opportunity to reap a range of benefits. Waste management is anticipated to reduce adverse effects of waste
on health, environment or aesthetics. [2]
Waste management practices are not consistent among countries (developed and developing nations); regions
(urban and rural area), and sectors (residential and industrial). Waste management is governed by Waste
Hierarchy, which is based on 3 R’s viz Reduce, Reuse & Recycle sometimes fourth R is also added as
Rethink.[7] It is represented as a pyramid in order to retain basic idea of policy to take action first and prevent
the generation of waste. The generated waste is reused to avoid its piling and finally recycled into usable by-
products. The waste hierarchy represents the development of a product or material through the sequential stages
of the pyramid of waste management. The life cycle of each product is represented by hierarchy.

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Fig.1: Waste Hierarchy 6]

Resource efficiency reflects sustenance of current, global, economic growth and development with the current
production and consumption patterns. Globally, more resources are extracted to produce goods than the planet
can replenish.
Sustainability is the reduction of the environmental impact from the production and consumption of these
goods, from final raw material extraction to final disposal.
The Polluter pays principle is a principle where the polluting party pays for the impact caused to the
environment. With respect to waste management, the waste generator is required to pay for appropriate disposal
of the unrecoverable material.
Eco-Efficiency An eco-efficiency is integration of environmental and economic dimensions of certain
developments, activities or processes which encourages the creation of value with less impact (WBCSD, 2000)
[18]. Eco-efficiency is not a specific framework or management system which is used to manage waste
(WBCSD, 2000).[18] It is measured as the ratio between the (added) value of what has been produced (e.g.
GDP) and the (added) environment impacts of the product or service (e.g. S02 emissions).[20]
OBJECTIVES OF ECO EFFICIENCY (WBCSD, 2000A).[19]
 Increasing the value of products and services by offering products which meet consumer needs while
requiring fewer materials and resources
 Reducing the consumption of resources by minimizing material inputs and ensuring closing materials
loops;
 Reducing environmental impact by minimizing pollution and fostering the sustainable use of resources;
Recycling is a resource recovery process which is based on the collection and reuse of waste materials. The
materials are sorted out from the collected waste and are reprocessed into new products. This procedure
called kerbside collection. At some places, the owner of the waste is required to separate the materials into
different bins (e.g. for paper, plastics, metals) prior to its collection while in the other case, all recyclable
materials are placed in a single bin for collection and then sorted at centralised facility.. The latter method is
known as "single-stream recycling.

Classification of
waste

Municipal Bio Electronic

Industrial Faecal Solid Urban Hazardous Electronic Medical
Sludge Sewage Waste Waste
Waste Waste Waste Waste Waste
(SW)
(IW) (FS) (MSW) (UW) (HW) (EW) (EW)
(BMW)

Fig.2: Composition of MSW Generated in Indian Cities

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In India, the major portion of MSW consists of biodegradable material, mainly due to food and yard waste. Due
to rapid urbanization and change in lifestyle and food habits, the amount of municipal solid waste has increased
rapidly and its composition has also changed.

Fig.3 [21] Fig. 4 [21]

Composition of MSW in a typical Indian City
The general composition of the solid waste is: Food & garden waste 40%, Glass & Ceramic 5%, Metal 3%,
Inert 15%, Plastic /rubber 4%, Textile 6%, Paper 27%
Table 1 [6] Approximate time taken for degeneration of litter
Type of Litter Approximate time taken
for degeneration
Organic waste e.g. vegetable fruit One or two weeks
peels, leftover food
Paper 10-30 days
Cotton Cloth 2-5 months
Wood 10-15 years
Wooden Items 1 year
Metals e.g. Tin, Aluminium 100-500 years
Plastic Bags One million years
Glass Bottles Undetermined
Unmanaged heaps of waste causes adverse effect on environments & human race due to its serious health
hazardous implications which leads to spreading of infectious diseases. The unhygienic conditions caused due
to this waste also cause air, water and soil pollution along with the general pollution.
MSW MANAGEMENT IN INDIA [7]
A typical waste management system in India includes the following elements:
 Waste generation and storage
 Segregation, reuse, and recycling at the household level
 Primary waste collection and transport to a transfer station or community bin
 Street sweeping and cleaning of public places
 Management of the transfer station or community bin
 Secondary collection and transport to the waste disposal site
 Waste disposal in landfills

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In most of the Indian cities, the MSW collection, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal is carried
out by the respective municipal corporations and the state governments enforce regulatory policies.
Plastic Waste means any plastic product such as carry bags, pouches, etc. which has been discarded after use or
end-of-life. The recycled plastics are more harmful to the environment due to mixing of colour, additives,
stabilizers, flame retardants etc. Further, the virgin plastic material can be recycled for 2-3 time only, due to
reduction of the strength of plastic material due to thermal degradation. Around 70% of total plastic
consumption is discarded as waste, thus approximately 5.6 million tons per annum (TPA) of plastic waste is
generated in country, which is about 15342 tons per day (TPD). [8]

Fig.5: Source of Plastic Waste [14]

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ON DISPOSAL OF PLASTIC WASTE [8]
Indiscriminate littering of unskilled recycling/reprocessing and non-biodegradability of plastic waste gives rise
to the following environmental issues:
• Fugitive emissions are released during polymerization process.
• Various types of gases are released during product manufacture.
• Indiscriminate dumping of plastic waste on land makes the land infertile due to its barrier
properties.
• Toxic emissions such as Carbon Monoxide, Chlorine, Hydrochloric Acid, Dioxin, Furans,
Amines, Nitrides, Styrene, Benzene, 1, 3- butadiene, CCl4, and Acetaldehyde are generated
due to burning of plastics.
• Lead and Cadmium pigments, commonly used in LDPE, HDPE and PP as additives are toxic
and are known to leach out.
• Disposal problems are posed by non-recyclable plastic wastes such as multilayer, metallised
pouches and other thermo set plastic.
• Sub-standard plastic carry bags, packaging films (<40µ) pose problem in collection and
recycling.
• Littered plastics give filthy look to the city.
• Littered plastic choke the drain and may cause flood like situation during monsoon.
• Garbage mixed with plastics interferes in waste processing facilities and also cause problems
in land filling operations.
• Recycling industries operating in dissenting areas pose threat to environment.
As per the PMW (Plastic Waste Management) rules any (Petro-based) and Compostable Plastic or Material
(Renewable) is considered as plastic. Plastic is not easily biodegradable under normal circumstances hence
heaps of plastics are found littered all over the space. Government in collusion with the municipal corporations
have framed rules for the solid waste management taking into account the biodegradability of all types of
wastes. Government has made separate bodies for this purpose, State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) or
Pollution Control Committee (PCC) which work along with municipal authorities who look after the

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enforcement of Rules relating to use, collection, segregation, transportation & disposal of plastic waste. Each
state has formed State Level Advisory (SLA) Body to monitor implementation of Rules framed by the
government for MSW.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PCMC AREA
The government of India has taken many initiatives and implemented new technologies and methods by giving
loans for setting up composting plants to encourage proper management of solid waste since the 1960s([MoEF,
2005) [9]. A public litigation was filed in the Supreme Court for the proper management of municipal solid
waste, which resulted in the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 [9]. The city of
Pimpri Chinchwad is located in the western part of India with a population of about 21 lakh. The latitude of and
longitude of PCMC are 18 37 N,73 48 E respectively. Due to rapid increase in population and changes in life
style, the quantity and quality of MSW in PCMC city has changed. Presently, PCMC is facing major challenges
of public awareness, suitable planning, infrastructure and MSW management. PCMC generates approximately
500 ton MSW per day and its disposal is managed by a private organization SWACH [9]. Source separation of
waste, Vermin-composting, Mechanical composting & Bio-diesel are the main activities of the SWACH
organisation of PCMC in recent years. [9]

Fig 6 Collection of Household, Industrial and Municipal Waste [16]

Fig 7 Flow chart for collection & disposal of garbage [15]

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Fig.8: Flow Chart of Waste Management [16]

Fig 9 Flow chart for collection & disposal of garbage [16]

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Fig10 Waste Management [16]

Fig.11: Flow chart of Municipal Solid Waste [16]

TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
After the collection the waste is dumped at Moshi site for seven day to remove leach ate and odour. After
deodorisation it is sent for segregation. The segregated waste is treated in various ways like land fill,
composting, recycling and fuel generating. [9]
To encourage citizens to segregate wet and dry waste, the municipal corporation in Pimpri Chinchwad has
distributed garbage bins to its citizens. This will create awareness about the importance of segregation of
garbage amongst them which will facilitate the government to implement the waste disposal rules.
For collection and disposal of garbage municipal corporation sends garbage collecting vehicles known as
‘Hopper Auto Rickshaws’ everyday to each locality. These rickshaws have two separate compartment one each
for dry and wet waste and are suppose to collect segregated garbage.
Besides being environment friendly, it will help to reduce garbage transportation costs as lesser quantities of
waste will have to be disposed at the Moshi garbage depot. Moshi depot has facilities for vermin composting as
well as for mechanical composting. Rag pickers will also benefit from it because they will be able to collect dry
waste and will be able to recycle some of these items. At present, rag pickers find it difficult to separate
recyclable items from mixed waste.

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FUTURE PLANS
Corporation is planning to get approval of the government for the segregation of garbage and disposal of wet
garbage at source by bulk generators in order to make it cost effective and environmental friendly. For this
purpose the civic body has started the work of framing the by-laws under Section 458 of Maharashtra Municipal
Corporation Act. A nine-member committee, comprising civic officials and representatives of non-governmental
organisations are working on the draft. The by-laws point out the responsibilities of the garbage generators and
the civic body. Every garbage generator (individual/organization, traders and others) must classify the garbage
and separately store it. Organisations generating waste in large quantities like hotels and halls must create a
separate system to process wet waste. Burning or throwing garbage elsewhere is totally banned. The by-laws
also mention the responsibility to form ward level, zone level and city-level committees for effective
enforcement of the rules and by-laws. [13]
Segregation of garbage at the household-level is not done on a large scale. It is useful only if the garbage is
scientifically processed. The municipal corporation is concentrating on scientific processing garbage and
treatment of vegetable waste separately. [13]
Municipal Corporation also intends to carry out mechanical composting of all the 500 metric tonnes of garbage
generated daily, for which necessary work is in progress. Besides employing vermin composting, trials are on
for converting plastics to fuel. . [13]
In the next two to three months, a complete foolproof system of solid waste management is expected to begin. It
would be one of its kinds and Pimpri-Chinchwad would become an example for others on how to carry out solid
waste management. . [13]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Non-hazardous Waste U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Solid Waste
[2] http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/estdir/pub/msw/
[3] http://www..cpcb.nic.in
[4] http://www..mcgm.gov.in/
[5] http://edugreen.teri.res.in/
[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/waste_management
[7] Concordia University, n.d.; FNQLSDI, 2008; UC Davis, 2008; U of T, 2008
[8] www.cpcb.nic.in/.../pcp/management_plasticwaste.pdf
[9] NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN
[10] ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT] VOLUME 2, ISSUE 9, SEP
[11] City development plan 2006-2012
[12] www.ebay.com
[13] http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Pimpri-Chinchwad-Municipal-Corporation- to- give-free-
bins-for-better-waste-management/articleshow/22529960.cms
[14] TNN | May 15, 2009, 04.04 AM IST
[15] Plastic waste management images.
[16] IIED 1999, Informal Waste management Recovery Process in India
[17] www.lucid chart.com
[18] Assessing the Eco-Efficiency of End-of-Pipe Technologies with the Environmental Cost Efficiency
Indicator: A Case Study of Solid Waste Management Stefanie Hellweg1,* , Gabor Doka2 , Göran
Finnveden3 , and Konrad Hungerbühler 1 1
[19] WBCSD (2000). Eco-Efficiency: Creating more value with less impact. World Business Council for
Sustainable Development. ISBN 2-940240-17-5.
[20] WBCSD (2000). Measuring Eco-Efficiency: A guide to reporting company performance. World
Business Council for Sustainable Development. ISBN 2-940240-14-0.
[21] Yadong, Y (2013). "Eco-efficiency trends in china, 1978-2010:decoupling environmental pressure
from economic growth". Ecological Indicators. 24: 177–184.
[22] www.alibaba.com

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