DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

TOPIC 5: METABOLISM AND ENZYMES

5.1 Metabolism

What is Metabolism?

All chemical reactions that occur in the living organism.

There are two types of metabolism, which are catabolism and anabolism.

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Enzyme nomenclature

1. An enzyme is named according to the name of the substrate it catalyses.

2. The name of enzymes is formed by adding ‘–ase’ to the main part of their substrates, for
example, maltose (substrate) - maltase (enzyme).
3. There are some enzymes which cannot be named this way for example pepsin, trypsin and
renin.

General characteristics of enzymes

Intracellular and extracellular enzymes

1. Intracellular enzymes are enzymes that are synthesised and retained in the cell for the use of
the cell itself.
2. These enzymes are found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast.
3. Examples: Oxidoreductase catalyses biological oxidation and reduction in the mitochondria.
4. Extracellular enzymes are enzymes which are synthesised in the cell but secreted from the
cell to work externally, for example, salivary amylase, trypsin and lipase which are produced
in the pancreas and transported to the duodenum.

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Production of extracellular enzymes

Mechanism of enzyme action (‘lock and key’ hypothesis)

1. The action of enzymes is based on the lock and key hypothesis.

2. Each enzyme has its own shape that will fit exactly to the shape of the substrate.
3. The substrate molecule represents the key and the enzyme molecule represent the lock.
4. The substrate will bind to a fix structure at the enzyme called active site to form an enzyme-
substrate complex.

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A specific The substrate The enzyme is free Product

substrate molecule binds to the to take another molecules
molecule arrives active site to form an substrate molecule leave the
at the active site enzyme-substrate into its active site to active site of
of the enzyme complex which is very catalyze another the enzyme
molecule unstable reaction

The mechanism of enzyme action and factor changes

i. Effects of temperature

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ii. Effects of pH

iii. The effect of substrate concentration

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iv. The effect of enzyme concentration

Application of Enzymes in Daily Life

Immobilized enzymes are enzymes that combine with inert and insoluble substances to increase the
resistance of enzymes towards change in factors such as pH and temperature. With this method, the
enzyme molecules will remain in the same position throughout the catalytic reaction and then be
separated easily from its product. This technology is known as immobilized enzyme technology.

Uses of enzymes in Daily Life and Industries.

1. Daily Life:
a) In washing powder- enzymes are added to remove food stains, examples protease to
dissolve protein stains, lipase for fat stains and amylase for starch stains.
b) Protease is used at home to tenderize meat

2. Industrial processes:
a) Preparation of leather product- to remove hair from hides.
b) Manufacturing detergents-used in manufacturing soap powder.
c) Food processing:
Examples: i) Amylase-production of chocolates, syrups and fruit
juices.
ii) Lipase- breaking down fats in food and preparation of
cheese.
iii) Protease- manufacturing of meat tenderizers.
iv) Cellulose- softening vegetables, removing seed coats
from cereal grains and extracting agar jelly from
seaweed.
v) Zymase- widely used in the preparation of alcoholic
drinks.

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SOALAN OBJEKTIF
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan satu proses anabolisme?

Which of the following shows a process of anabolism?

A. Fotosintesis
Photosynthesis
B. Pencernaan
Digestion
C. Respirasi
Respiration

D. Hidrolisis
Hydrolysis

2. Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan perbezaan antara anabolisme dan
katabolisme?
Which of the following shows the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

Anabolisme Katabolisme
Anabolism Catabolism
A. Penguraian molekul kompleks Sintesis molekul kompleks
Break down of complex molecules Synthesis of complex
B. Memerlukan tenaga Membebaskan tenaga
Require energy Release energy
C. Melibatkan hidrolisis Melibatkan kondensasi
Involve hydrolysis Involve condensation
D. Hanya berlaku dalam tumbuhan Hanya berlaku dalam haiwan
Only occur in plant Only occur in haiwan

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3. Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu struktur protein yang telah mengalami proses X.

Diagram 1 shows a protein structure which has undergone process X.

Rajah 1

Apakah proses X ?
What is process X?

A. Nyahasli B. Katabolisme
Denature Catabolism
C. Anabolisme D. Pendeaminan
Anabolism Deamination

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4. Rajah 2 menunjukkan ilustrasi untuk menerangkan tindakbalas enzim melalui hipotesis

‘mangga & kunci’.
Diagram 2 shows an illustration to describe the ‘Lock & Key’ hypothesis of the enzyme
reaction.

Rajah 2

Yang manakah antara berikut mewakili P, Q & R?

Which of the following represents P, Q & R ?

P Q R

A. Hasil Substrat Enzim

Product Substrate Enzyme
B. Substrat Enzim Hasil
Substrate Enzyme Product
C. Enzim Substrat Hasil
Enzyme Substrate Product
D. Hasil Enzim Substrat
Product Enzyme Substrate

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5. Pernyataan berikut adalah mengenai struktur X dalam penghasilan enzim ekstrasel.

The following statements are about structure X in the production of extracdellular
enzymes.
• Protein di dalam vesikel angkutan bergerak ke arah X.
Protein inside the transport vesicles move towards X.
• Di dalam X, protein diubahsuai kepada enzim.
In X, proteins are modified into enzymes.

A. Jasad Golgi B. Ribosom

Golgi apparatus Ribosomes

C. Jalinan endoplsma kasar D. Nukleus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus

6. Rajah 3 menunjukkan mekanisme tindakan enzim ke atas substrat

The diagram 3 shows the action of an enzyme on a substrate.

Rajah 3 / Diagram 3

Apakah yang diwakili oleh X?

What is represented by X?

A. Enzim B. Kompleks enzim substrat

enzyme enzyme-substrate complex

C. Substrat D. Hasil tindak balas

substrate product of reaction

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7. Rajah 4 menunjukkan cara tindak balas enzim

Diagram 4 shows the mode of enzyme action

Rajah 4 / Diagram 4

Berdasarkan rajah, manakah benar tentang ciri-ciri satu enzim?

Based on the diagram, which of the following is true about the characteristics of an
enzymes?
I Tindak balas enzim adalah spesifik.
The action of enzymes is specific.
II Enzim tidak berubah pada akhir tindak balas dan boleh digunakan semula.
The enzyme is unchanged at the end of the reaction and can be used again.
III Enzim mempercepatkan tindak balas biologi.
Enzymes speed up biological reactions.
IV Tindak balas kimia yang dimangkin oleh enzim adalah tidak boleh berbalik.
Chemical reactions catalysed by enzymes are irreversible.

A. I dan III sahaja B. II dan IV sahaja

I and III only II and IV only

C. I II, dan III sahaja D. I, III dan IV sahaja

I, II and III only I, III and IVonly

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8. Rajah 5 menunjukkan tindakan suatu enzim untuk menghasilkan sejenis disakarida.

Diagram 5 shows the action of an enzyme to form a disaccharide.

Rajah 5 / Diagram 5
Apakah yang mewakili S dan T?
What represent S and T?

S T
A. Galaktosa Maltosa
Galactose Maltose
B. Glukosa Sukrosa
Glucose Sucrose
C. Galaktosa Sukrosa
Galactose Sucrose
D. Glukosa Maltosa
Glucose Maltose

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9. Y boleh menyebabkan sesetengah enzim berfungsi dengan lebih berkesan. Apakah Y?

Y can make some enzymes work more effiently. What is Y?

A. Substrat B. Perencat
Substrate Inhibitor

C. Kofactor D. Produk
Cofactor Product

10. Antara graf yang berikut, manakah menunjukkan hubungan antara suhu dan aktiviti
enzim?
Which of the following graphs shows the relationship between temperature and enzyme
activity?

A. B.

C. D.

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11. Rajah 6 menunjukkan kesan kepekatan enzim pada kadar tindak balas enzim.
Diagram 6 shows the effect of enzyme concentration on the rate of enzyme reaction.

Rajah 6 / Diagram 6

Mengapa kadar tindak balas kekal pada X?

Why is the rate of reaction constant at X?

A. Semua enzim telah dinyahasli

All enzymes are denatured
B. Oksigen telah habis digunakan
The oxygen has been exhausted
C. Tapak aktif enzim menjadi tepu
Active sites of enzymes are saturated
D. Kekurangan substrat
Lack of substrates

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12. Antara berikut, yang manakah paling tepat menjelaskan perubahan yang berlaku di
molekul enzim apabila mengalami suhu tinggi?
Which of the following most accurately explains the changes that occur in an enzyme
molecule when subjected to high temperature?

A. Tapak aktif mengalami perubahan

The active site undergoes changes
B. Ikatan kimia dalam molekul enzim terurai
The chemical bonds in the enzyme molecules break down
C. Struktur molekul tapak aktif berubah
The molecular structure of the active site changes
D. Tapak aktif menjadi tidak aktif
The active site becomes in active

13. Pernyataan manakah yang tidak benar mengenai hipotesis ‘mangga dan kunci’
mengenai tindak balas enzim?
Which of these statements is not true about the ‘lock and key’ hypothesis of enzymes
reaction?

A. Molekul enzim adalah 'kunci' sementara substrat bergabung dengan enzim di

tapak aktif.
The enzyme molecule is the ‘lock’ while the substrate combines with enzyme at the
active site.
B. Substrat bergabung dengan enzim di tapak aktif
The substrate combines with the enzyme at the active site
C. Kompleks enzim-substrat adalah kompleks yang stabil
The enzyme-substrate complex is a stable complex
D. Molekul enzim mempunyai konfigurasi permukaan yang melengkapkan molekul
substrat
The enzyme molecule has a surface configuration which complements the
substrate molecule

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14. Rajah 7 menunjukkan silinder penyukat mengandungi ampaian albumen yang dicampur
dengan pepsin pada suhu 20°C. Keputusan eksperimen boleh didapati selepas 5 minit.
Diagram 7 shows a measuring cylinder containing albumen suspension mixed with
pepsin at 20°C. The result of the experiment was obtained after 5 minutes.

Silinder penyukat
measuring silinder Jernih
Clear

Ampaian albumen+
pepsin (keruh) Selepas 5 minit Keruh
Albumen suspension+ After 5 minutes Cloudy
pepsin (cloudy)

Rajah 7 / Diagram 7
Eksperimen diulang pada suhu 37°C.
Antara berikut yang manakah menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen ini?
The experiment was repeated at 37°C.
Which of the following shows the result of the experiment?

A. B.

Jernih
Clear

Keruh Keruh
Cloudy Cloudy

C. D.

Jernih
Jernih
Clear
Clear

Keruh
Keruh Cloudy
Cloudy

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15. Antara yang berikut, yang manakah memadankan enzim dan kegunaannya dengan
tepat?
Which of the following correctly match the enzyme and its uses?
Enzim Kegunaan
Enzyme Uses
I Lipase Mempercepatkan kematangan keju
Lipase Ripening of cheese
II Amilase Mengasingkan kulit ikan
Amylase Remove fish skin
III Tripsin Mengasingkan agar-agar daripada rumpai laut
Trypsin Extracts agar from seaweed
IV Protease Melembutkan daging
Protease Tenderise the meat

A. I dan II B. III dan IV

I and II III and IV

C. II dan III D. I dan IV

II and III I and IV

16. Enzim yang manakah boleh digunakan untuk menanggalkan minyak daripada pakaian?
Which enzymes can be used to remove oil stains from clothing?

A. Protease B. Amilase
Protease Amylase

C. Tripsin D. Lipase
Trypsin Lipase

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17. Kenyataan di bawah adalah berkenaan kegunaan enzim dalam aktiviti harian.

 Menanggalkan gandum dari kulitnya

 Mengasingkan agar-agar dari rumpai laut

Apakah enzim yang sesuai yang boleh digunakan dalam aktiviti-aktiviti di atas ?

A. Selulosa B. Protease

C. Zimase D. Amilase

18. Renin diperolehi daripada perut anak lembu dan digunakan dalam penghasilan keju.
Apakah fungsi renin dalam industri pembuatan keju?
Rennin is derived from the stomach of calf and used in manufacturing of chees. What is
the function of Rennin in cheese making industry.

A. Menggumpal susu menjadi keju

Coagulates milk into cheese
B. Melambatkan masa penggumpalan susu
Slows down the time for milk to coagulate
C. Menjadikan rasa dan tekstur keju lebih baik
Gives cheese a good taste and texture
D. Menukarkan kaseinogen kepada kasein.
Converts caseinogen into casein.

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19. Antara cadangan berikut, yang manakah paling sesuai dilakukan untuk menghilangkan
tompokan minyak sambal pada baju?
Among these suggestion, which are the most suitable action to do to rid off chili oil
slicks on the shirt ?

A. Membasuh baju itu dengan air bersuhu 37℃ dan bahan pencuci yang
mengandungi enzim selulase
Wash clothes using 37℃ water temperature and detergent that contain cellulase
enzymes.
B. Membasuh baju itu dengan air bersuhu 37℃ dan bahan pencuci yang
mengandungi enzim amilase
Wash clothes using 37℃ water temperature and detergent that contain Amylase
enzymes.
C. Membasuh baju itu dengan air bersuhu 37℃ dan bahan pencuci yang
mengandungi enzim sukrase.
Wash clothes using 37℃ water temperature and detergent that contain sucrase
enzymes.
D. Membasuh baju itu dengan air bersuhu 37℃ dan bahan pencuci yang
mengandungi enzim lipase.
Wash clothes using 37℃ water temperature and detergent that contain lipase
enzymes

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SOALAN STRUKTUR
STRUCTURED QUESTION

1 Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan struktur satu enzim dan substrat W, X dan Y.

Diagram 1.1 shows the structure of an enzyme and three substrates W, X and Y.

Enzim/ Enzyme W X Y

Rajah 1.1/ Diagram 1.1

(a) Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, lengkapkan rajah 1.2 di bawah untuk menunjukkan
mekanisma tindakan enzim ke atas substrat yang sesuai.
Based on Diagram 1.1, complete the diagram 1.2 below to show the mechanism of
enzyme action on a suitable substrate.

Rajah 1.2/ Diagram 1.2

[ 3markah/ 3 marks]

(b) Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, nyatakan dua ciri bagi enzim.

Based on Diagram 1.2, state two characteristics of the enzyme.
1. ………………………………………………………………........................
2. …………………………………………………………………………………

[2 markah/ 2 mark]

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(c) Jika enzim yang digunakan ialah maltosa, namakan substrat yang sesuai dengannya.
If the enzyme used is maltase, name the suitable substrate.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah/ 1 marks]

2 Rajah 2 menunjukkan hasil satu eksperimen di mana dua baju yang sama, P dan Q dengan
kotoran darah yang sama. Baju tersebut dicuci menggunakan serbuk pencuci yang
mengandungi enzim pada dua suhu yang berlainan, 35°C and 65°C.
Diagram 2 shows the results of an experiment in which two similar shirts P and Q with same
blood stains. The shirts were washed by using enzyme-containing washing powder at two
different temperatures, 35°C and 65°C.

Baju sebelum dicuci Baju selepas dicuci

Shirts before washing Shirts after washing

35°C 65°C 35°C 65°C

P Q P Q
Rajah 2/ Diagram 2

(a) Namakan enzim yang terdapat dalam serbuk pencuci untuk menyingkirkan
kotoran darah.
Name the enzyme present in washing powder to remove blood stains. 1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 markah/ 1 marks]

(b) Namakan bahagian enzim yang terikat dengan molekul substrat.

Name the part of the enzyme which binds with the substrate molecules.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 markah/1 mark]

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(c) Terangkan hasil keputusan dalam Rajah 2.2 bagi setiap baju yang dicuci.
Explain the result of washing the shirts in Diagram 2.2 at:

35°C:
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

65°C:
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

[4 markah/ 4 marks]

(d) Orlistat ialah sejenis ubat yang direka untuk membantu merawat obesiti. Fungsi
asasnya ialah menghalang penyerapan lemak dari gizi manusia dengan bertindak
sebagai suatu perencat kepada enzim X.
Berdasarkan penyataan di atas, terangkan kesan perencat ke atas tindak balas enzim.
Orlistat is a drug designed help to treat obesity. Its primary function is to prevent the
absorption of fats from human diet by acting as an inhibitor to enzyme X.
Based on the above statement, explain the effect of inhibitor on the rate of enzyme
reaction.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 markah/ 2 marks]

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3 Rajah 3 menunjukkan komponen yang terlibat semasa sintesis dan rembesan suatu enzim
dalam sel haiwan.
Figure 3 shows the component involve during the synthesis and secretion of an enzyme in an
animal cell.

Rajah 3/ Diagram 3

(a) Namakan organel berlabel P dan R.

Name the organelles labelled P and R

P: .........................................................................................................................

R: .........................................................................................................................

[2 markah/ 2 marks]

(b) (i) Namakan jenis enzim yang disintesiskan oleh sel haiwan tersebut.

Name the types on enzyme synthesised by the animal cell.

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 markah/1 mark]

(ii) Berikan satu contoh enzim yang dinamakan dalam (b) (i).

Give one example of enzyme named in (b) (i).

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 markah/1 mark]

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(c) Nyatakan fungsi komponen S.

State the function of komponen S.

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 markah/1 mark]

(d) (i) Enzim digunakan secara meluas dalam kehidupan seharian kita dan industri.
Terangkan kegunaan enzim dalam proses mengekstrak agar-agar daripada
rumpai laut.
Enzyme is used widely in daily life and in industries. Explain the use of enzyme
in the process of extracting agar from seaweed.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah/ 2 marks]

(ii) Seorang tukang masak memerap daging bersama nenas selama 30 minit
sebelum memasak daging tersebut. Terangkan mengapa.
A chef marinate meat with pineapple for 30 minutes before he cooks the meat.
Explain why.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah/ 2 marks]

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4. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan tindakan enzim lipase ke atas substrat P.

Diagram 4.1 shows the action of enzyme lipase on substrate P.

Enzim Enzyme
Lipase/ lipase
Enzyme Enzim
Lipase lipase

Rajah 4.1 / Diagram 4.1

a) Namakan molekul P dan Q

Name molecules P and Q.

P: ………………………………………………………………………………

Q: ………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah / 2 marks]

(b) (i) Tindakan enzim lipase ke atas substrat P adalah spesifik. Terangkan kenyataan ini.
The action of enzyme lipase on substrate P is specific. Explain this statement.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah / 2 marks]

(ii) Berdasarkan Rajah 4.1, nyatakan dua ciri lain enzim lipase.
Based on Diagram 4.1, state two other characteristics of enzyme lipase.
………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah / 2 marks]

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(c) Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen menggunakan enzim X. Dia menggantikan
lipid dengan Maltosa sebagai substrat. Pada akhir eksperimen, dia mendapati tindakbalas
tidak berlaku.
A student carried out an experiment using enzyme X. He replaced lipid with maltose as the
substrate. At the end of the experiment, he observed hat there was no reaction.

Berdasarkan hipotesis mangga dan kunci, terangkan pernyataan di atas.

Based on the lock and key hypothesis, explain the above statement.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 markah / 3 marks]

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5. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan satu tindakbalas enzim yang dijalani oleh satu molekul
disakarida.
Diagram 5.1 shows an enzyme reaction undergone by a disaccharide molecule.

Rajah 5.1 / Diagram 5.1

(a.) Namakan hipotesis yang berkaitan dengan tindakan enzim di rajah 5.1.
Terangkan hipotesis tersebut.
Name the hypothesis related to the enzyme reaction in diagram 5.1.
Explain the hypothesis.

Namakan hipotesis / Name of hypothesis

………………………………………………………………………………………

Explanation / Penerangan:
………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah / 2 marks]
(b) Namakan proses P
Name process P
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 markah / 1 mark]

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(c) Berdasarkan rajah 5.1, terangkan proses P.

Based on diagram 5.1, explain process P.
………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah / 2 marks]

(d) Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan graf kesan suhu terhadap kadar tindak balas renin.
Diagram 5.2 shows graph effect of temperature on rennin reaction.

Rate of rennin reaction

Kadar tindak balas enzim

Temperature
10 20 30 40 50 Suhu

Rajah 5.2 / Diagram 5.2

(i) Terangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas rennin paling tinggi seperti yang ditunjukkan
dalam Rajah 5.2.
Explain why the rate of rennin is the highest as shown in Diagram 5.2.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah / 2 marks]

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(ii) Selain faktor suhu, enzim juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor pH. Huraikan kesan pH
yang tinggi seperti 9 ke atas aktiviti rennin.
Besides temperature factor, ezyme is also affected by pH. Explain the effect of
higher pH such as 9 on rennin activity.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah / 2 marks]

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6. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan pemecahan Maltosa yang berlaku di dalam Ileum.

Diagram 6.1 shows the breakdown of maltose that occurs in the ileum.

Rajah 6.1 / Diagram 6.1

(i) Namakan enzim M dan molekul N.

Name enzyme M and molecule N.

Enzim M : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Enzyme M
Molekul N : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Molecule N
[2 markah / 2marks]

(ii) Terangkan tindakbalas kimia yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 6.1

Explain the chemical reaction shown in Diagram 6.1.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 markah / 3 marks]

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(iii) Nyatakan kesan kepada tindakbalas kimia sekiranya enzim M tidak digunakan.
State the effect to the chemical reaction if enzyme M is not used.

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 markah / 1 marks]

(iv) Sutera merupakan salah satu contoh protein. Pakaian sutera menjadi berkedut apabila
dibasuh dengan air panas pada suhu 65℃.
Silk is one example of Protein. Silk dress becomes wrinkled when washed using
hot water at 65℃.

Rajah 6.2 / Diagram 6.2

Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, cadangkan dua acara untuk mengekalkan kualiti

pakaian sutera.
Based on the above statement, suggest two ways to maintain the quality of silk
dress.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah / 2 marks]

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 DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

SOALAN ESEI
ESSAY QUESTION

1 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas anabolic fotosintesis untuk menghasilkan glukosa.
The diagram below shows an anabolic reaction of photosynthesis to produce glucose.

(a) Terangkan proses metabolisme, anabolisme dan katabolisme.

Explain the process of metabolism, anabolism and catabolism.
[ 6 markah/ 6 marks]

(b) Terangkan kepentingan enzim dalam proses metabolisme.

Explain the importance of enzymes in the process of metabolism.
[4 markah/ 4 marks]

2 (a) Rajah 1 menunjukkan tiga peringkat dalam tindakan enzim.

Diagram 1 shows three stages in the enzyme reaction.

Rajah 1/ Diagram 1

Terangkan hipotesis kunci dan mangga di dalam mekanisma tindak balas enzim.
Explain the lock and key hypothesis in the mechanism of enzyme reaction.

[4 markah/ 4 marks]

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 DLP FORM 4 KSSM BIOLOGY MODULE

(b) Rajah 2 menunjukkan organel-organel yang terlibat semasa penghasilan dan

perembesan enzim di dalam sel haiwan.
Diagram 2 shows the organelles involved during the synthesis and secretion of an
enzyme in an animal cell.

Rajah 2/ Diagram 2

Berdasarkan Rajah 2, terangkan bagaimana enzim luar sel dihasilkan dengan

menekankan peranan P, Q, R dan S.
Based on Diagram 2 explain how extracellular enzyme are produced by emphasizing
on the role of P, Q, R and S.
[6 markah/ 6 marks]

3 Enzim boleh diekstrak dan diasingkan dari sel untuk kegunaan. Dengan menggunakan
contoh-contoh yang sesuai. bincangkan kegunaan enzim di dalam proses industri dan
kehidupan harian.
Enzymes can be extracted and separated from cells in order to be used. Using suitable
examples, discuss the uses of enzymes in industrial processes and our daily life.
[10 markah/ 10 marks]

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