Electromagnetic Induction

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
BY : Ashmita Goldar
Grade : XII (SC)
School no. : 005351
Roll no.
CONTENTS
1. Certificate
2. Declaration
3. Acknowledgement
4. Aim of the project
5. Introduction
6. Theory
7. Apparatus Required
8. Law
9. Conclusion
10. Bibliography
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that miss Ashmita Goldar of Grade XII (Sc) of
school KiiT International School has successfully completed
her physics project entitled “ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION”
Under the guidance of
Mr. Ashutosh Dash (Physics teacher)
The report is the result of his efforts and endeavours. The
report is found worthy of acceptance as final.
SIGNATURE OF
TEACHER
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled
“ELECTROMAGENTIC INDUCTION”
Submitted to department of physics, KiiT International School
ASHMITA GOLDAR
GRADE XII(SC)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express a deep sense of thanks and gratitude
my project guide Mr. Ashutosh Dash sir for guiding me
immensely trough the course of the project. He always
envinced keen interest in my project. His constructive adviced
& constant motivation have been responsible for the
successful completion of his project.
My sincere thanks goes to our lab teacher Mr. Bijay Ku. Rout
in extending every possible support for the completion of the
project.
I must thanks to my classmates for their timely help and
support for completion of this project.
Last but not least, I would like to thank all those who had
helped directly and indirectly towards the completion of this
project.
ASHMITA GOLDAR
GRADE XII (SC)
AIM OF THE PROJECT
“ TO DETERMINE THE FARADAY’S

LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION USING A COPPER
WIRE WOUND OVER AN IRON ROD
AND A STRONG MAGNET.”
INTRODUCTION
Faraday’s Law of Induction is a basic law of
electromagnetism that predicts how a magnetic field will
interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive
force (EMF). It is the fundamental operating principle of
transformers, inductors and many types of electrical motors
and generators.
Electromagnetic induction was discovered independently by
Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry in 1831; however, Faraday
was the first to publish the results of his experiments.
Faraday explained electromagnetic induction using a concept
he called lines of force. These equation for electromagnetic
are extremely important since they provide a means to
precisely describe how many natural physical phenomenon in
our universe arise and behave. The ability to quantitatively
describe physical phenomenon not only allow us to gain a
better understanding of our universe, but it also makes
possible a host of technological innovations that define
modern society.
Understanding Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic induction
can be beneficial since so many aspects of our daily life
function because of the principles behind Faraday’s Law.
From natural technologies that improve our quality of life
such as electric power generation. Faraday’s law has a grat
impact on many aspects.
Faraday’s law is the circuit of the experiments of the English

chemist and physicist Michael Faraday. The concept of
electromagnetic induction was actually discovered
simultaneous in 1831 by Faraday in London and Joseph , an
American scientist working in New York, but Faraday is
credited for the law since published his work first.
THEORY
MAGNETIC FLUX:-
The magnetic flux (often denoted Φ or Φ ) through a surface is

B
the component of the B field passing through that surface.

The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb) (in derived
units :- volt-second), and the CGS unit is Maxwell.
In order to calculate the magnetic flux, we consider the field

line image of a magnet or the system of magnets . The
magnetic flux through a plane area given by A that is placed
in a uniform magnetic field of magnetic field of magnetitude
given by B is given as the a scalar product of the magnetic
field and the area A.
MATHEMATICALLY:
ΦB=BAcosθ
Where, B is the magnetic field of force, A is the surface area
or extent and θ is the angle between the normal to the
surface and the magnetic field. If a coil of n turns and area of
cross section A is placed in a magnetic field of strength B,
then the total flux associated with the coil is:
ΦB=nBAcosθ
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. A light emitting diode (LED)
2. An iron rod
3. A strong magnet
4. Insulated copper wire
LAW
Here Faraday’s law states that:
“The induced electromotive force in any closed circuit is
equal to the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through
the circuit.”
This version of Faraday’s law strictly holds only when the

closed circuit is a loop of infinitely thin wire and is invalidin
other circumstances as discussed below. A different version,
the Maxwell-Faraday equation is valid in all circumstances.
When the flux changes- because changes, or because the
wire loop is moved or deformed or both Faraday’s law of
induction says that the wire loop acquires an EMF, defined as
the energy available per unit charge that travels once arund
the wire loop. Equivalent , it is voltage that would be
measured by cutting the wire to create an open circuit and
attaching a voltmeter to the leads.
According to Lorentz force law (in SI unts)
The EMF on a wire loop is
F = qE + qv × B.
If a wire with a current i is placed in an external magnetic field B, how will the force on the
wire depend on the orientation of the wire? Since a current represents a movement of charges
in the wire, the Lorentz force acts on the moving charges. Because these charges are bound to
the conductor, the magnetic forces on the moving charges are transferred to the wire. The force
on a small length dl of the wire depends on the orientation of the wire with respect to the field.
The magnitude of the force is given by idlB sin ϕ, where ϕ is the angle between B and dl. There
is no force when ϕ = 0 or 180°, both of which correspond to a current along a direction parallel
to the field. The force is at a maximum when the current and field are perpendicular to each
other. The force is given bydF= idl × B.
Again, the vector cross product denotes a direction perpendicular to both dl and B.

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ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

AIM OF THE PROJECT

“ TO DETERMINE THE FARADAY’S

Faraday’s law is the circuit of the experiments of the English

The magnetic flux (often denoted Φ or Φ ) through a surface is

the component of the B field passing through that surface.

In order to calculate the magnetic flux, we consider the field

This version of Faraday’s law strictly holds only when the

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