Diploma in Pharmacy 2nd Year Syllabus
Diploma in Pharmacy 2nd Year Syllabus
Diploma in Pharmacy 2nd Year Syllabus
Scope: This course provides basic knowledge about different classes of drugs
available for the pharmacotherapy of common diseases. The indications for use,
dosage regimen, routes of administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics,
and contraindications of the drugs discussed in this course are vital for successful
professional practice.
Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be
able to
1. Describe the basic concepts of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics2.
Enlist the various classes and drugs of choices for any given disease condition
3. Advice the dosage regimen, route of administration and contraindications for a
given drug
4. Describe the common adverse drug reactions
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2 Drugs Acting on the Peripheral Nervous System 11
Steps involved in neurohumoral transmission
Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose,
indications, and contraindications of
a) Cholinergic drugs
b) Anti-Cholinergic drugs
c) Adrenergic drugs
d) Anti-adrenergic drugs
e) Neuromuscular blocking agents
f) Drugs used in Myasthenia gravis
g) Local anaesthetic agents
h) Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs)
3 Drugs Acting on the Eye 2
Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose,
indications and contraindications of
Miotics
Mydriatics
Drugs used in Glaucoma
4 Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System 8
Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose,
indications, and contraindications of
General anaesthetics
Hypnotics and sedatives
Anti-Convulsant drugs
Anti-anxiety drugs
Anti-depressant drugs
Anti-psychotics
Nootropic agents
Centrally acting muscle relaxants
Opioid analgesics
5 Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System 6
Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose,
indications, and contraindications of
Anti-hypertensive drugs
Anti-anginal drugs
Anti-arrhythmic drugs
Drugs used in atherosclerosis and
Congestive heart failure
Drug therapy for shock
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6 Drugs Acting on Blood and Blood Forming Organs 4
Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose,
indications, and contraindications of
Hematinic agents
Anti-coagulants
Anti-platelet agents
Thrombolytic drugs
7 Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose, 2
indications, and contraindications of
Bronchodilators
Expectorants
Anti-tussive agents
Mucolytic agents
8 Drugs Acting on the Gastro Intestinal Tract 5
Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose,
indications, and contraindications of
Anti-ulcer drugs
Anti-emetics
Laxatives and purgatives
Anti-diarrheal drugs
9 Drugs Acting on the Kidney 2
Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose,
indications, and contraindications of
Diuretics
Anti-Diuretics
10 Hormones and Hormone Antagonists 8
Physiological and pathological role and clinical uses of
Thyroid hormones
Anti-thyroid drugs
Parathormone
Calcitonin
Vitamin D
Insulin
Oral hypoglycemic agents
Estrogen
Progesterone
Oxytocin
Corticosteroids
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11 Autocoids 3
Physiological role of Histamine, 5 HT and
Prostaglandins
Classification, clinical uses, and adverse effects of
antihistamines and 5 HT antagonists
12 Chemotherapeutic Agents: Introduction, basic principles 12
of chemotherapy of infections, infestations and neoplastic
diseases, Classification, dose, indication and
contraindications of drugs belonging to following classes:
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Sulphonamides
Anti-tubercular drugs
Anti-fungal drugs
Anti-viral drugs
Anti-amoebic agents
Anthelmintics
Anti-malarial agents
Anti-neoplastic agents
13 Biologicals 2
Definition, types, and indications of biological agents with
examples
PHARMACOLOGY – PRACTICAL
Scope: This course provides the basic understanding about the uses, mechanisms
of actions, dose dependent responses of drugs in simulated virtual animal models
and experimental conditions.
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Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be
able to
1. Study and report the local anaesthetic, mydriatic and mitotic effects of the
given drug on the rabbit eye
2. Choose appropriate animal experiment model to study the effects of the given
drugs acting on the central nervous system and submit the report
3. Perform the effects of given tissues (simulated) on isolated organs / tissues
and interpret the results
4. Interpret the dose dependent responses of drugs in various animal experiment
models
Practicals
Experiments
Note: Animals shall not be used for doing / demonstrating any of the experiments
given. The given experiments shall be carried- out / demonstrated as the case may
be, ONLY with the use of software program(s) such as ‘Ex Pharm’ or any other
suitable software
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Assignments
The students shall be asked to submit written assignments on the following topics
(One assignment per student per sessional period. i.e., a minimum of THREE
assignments per student)
1. Introduction to Allergy Testing
2. Introduction to Toxicity Studies
3. Drug Facts Labels of US FDA
4. Pre-clinical studies in new drug development
5. Medicines and meals: Before or After food
6. Pre-clinical studies in new drug development
7. Drugs available as paediatric formulations
8. Drug information apps
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COMMUNITY PHARMACY AND MANAGEMENT – THEORY
Scope: The course is designed to impart basic knowledge and skills to provide
various pharmaceutical care services to patients and general practitioners in the
community setup.
Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be
able to
1. Describe the establishment, legal requirements, and effective administration
of a community pharmacy
2. Professionally handle prescriptions and dispense medications
3. Counsel patients about the disease, prescription and or non-prescription
medicines
4. Perform basic health screening on patients and interpret the reports in the
community pharmacy settings
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4 Communication skills 6
Definition, types of communication skills
Interactions with professionals and patients
Verbal communication skills (one-to-one, over the
telephone)
Written communication skills
Body language
Patient interview techniques
5 Patient counselling 10
Definition and benefits of patient counselling
Stages of patient counselling - Introduction, counselling
content, counselling process, and closing the counselling
session
Barriers to effective counseling - Types and strategies
to overcome the barriers
Patient counselling points for chronic
diseases/disorders - Hypertension, Diabetes, Asthma,
Tuberculosis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and
AIDS
Patient Package Inserts - Definition, i mportance and
benefits, Scenarios of PPI use in India and other countries
Patient Information leaflets - Definition and uses
6 Medication Adherence 2
Definition, factors influencing non- adherence, strategies to
overcome non-adherence
7 Health Screening Services in Community Pharmacy 5
Introduction, scope, and importance of various health screening
services - for routine monitoring of patients, early detection, and
referral of undiagnosed cases
9 Over The Counter (OTC) Medications 15
Definition, need and role of Pharmacists in OTC medication
dispensing
OTC medications in India, counseling for OTC products
Self-medication and role of pharmacists in promoting the
safe practices during self-medication
Responding to symptoms, minor ailments, and advice for
self-care in conditions such as - Pain management,
Cough, Cold, Diarrhea, Constipation, Vomiting, Fever,
Sore throat, Skin disorders, Oral health (mouth ulcers,
dental pain, gum swelling)
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10 Community Pharmacy Management
Legal requirements to set up a community pharmacy 25
Site selection requirements
Pharmacy designs and interiors
Vendor selection and ordering
Procurement, inventory control methods, and inventory
management
Financial planning and management
Accountancy in community pharmacy – Day book, Cash
book
Introduction to pharmacy operation softwares – usefulness
and availability
Customer Relation Management (CRM)
Audits in Pharmacies
SOP of Pharmacy Management
Introduction to Digital Health, mHealth and Online
pharmacies
Scope: The course is designed to train the students and improve professional skills
to provide various pharmaceutical care services in community pharmacy.
Course Objectives: This course will train the students in the following
1. Professional handling and filling prescriptions
2. Patient counselling on diseases and minor ailments
3. Patient counselling on prescription and / or non-prescription medicines
4. Preparation of counselling materials such as patient information leaflets
5. Performing basic health screening tests
Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be
able to
1. Handle and fill prescriptions in a professional manner
2. Counsel patients on various diseases and minor ailments
3. Counsel patients on prescription and or non-prescription medicines
4. Design and prepare patient information leaflets
5. Perform basic health screening tests
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Practicals
Note: The following practicals shall be carried out in the model community pharmacy
with appropriate simulated scenarios and materials. Students shall be trained
through role plays wherever necessary. The activities of the students shall be
assessed / evaluated using a structured objective assessment form.
Assignments
The students shall be asked to submit written assignments on the following topics
(One assignment per student per sessional period. i.e., a minimum of THREE
assignments per student)
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2. List out the various abbreviations, short forms used in prescriptions and their
interpretation
3. Patient Information Leaflet for a given chronic disease / disorder
4. Patient Information Leaflet for prescription / non-prescription medicines
5. Preparation of window / shelf display materials for the model community
pharmacy
6. Overview of Software available for retail pharmacy management including
billing, inventory, etc.
7. Dosage / Medication Reminder Aids
8. Overview on the operations and marketing strategies of various online
pharmacies
9. Overview on the common fixed dose combinations
10. Overview on the medications requiring special storage conditions
11. Role of Community Pharmacists in preventing Antimicrobial Resistance
12. Jan Aushadhi and other Generic Medicine initiatives in India
13. Global Overview of Online Pharmacies
14. Community Pharmacy Practice Standards: Global Vs. Indian Scenario
15. Overview of pharmacy associations in India
Field Visit
The students shall be taken in groups to visit community pharmacies and medicine
distributors to understand and witness the professional activities of the community
pharmacists, and supply chain logistics. Individual reports from each student on their
learning experience from the field visit shall be submitted.
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BIOCHEMISTRY & CLINICAL PATHOLOGY – THEORY
Scope: This course is designed to impart basic knowledge on the study of structure
and functions of biomolecules and the chemical processes associated with living
cells in normal and abnormal states. The course also emphasizes on the clinical
pathology of blood and urine.
Course Objectives: This course will discuss the following at the fundamental level
1. Structure and functions of biomolecules
2. Catalytic activity, diagnostic and therapeutic importance of enzymes
3. Metabolic pathways of biomolecules in health and illness (metabolic
disorders)
4. Biochemical principles of organ function tests and their clinical significance
5. Qualitative and quantitative determination of biomolecules / metabolites in the
biological sample
6. Clinical pathology of blood and urine
Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be
able to
1. Describe the functions of biomolecules
2. Discuss the various functions of enzymes in the human system
3. Explain the metabolic pathways of biomolecules in both physiological and
pathological conditions
4. Describe the principles of organ function tests and their clinical significances
5. Determine the biomolecules / metabolites in the given biological samples,
both qualitatively and quantitatively
6. Describe the clinical pathology of blood and urine
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3 Proteins 5
Definition, classification of proteins based on
composition and solubility with examples
Definition, classification of amino acids based on
chemical nature and nutritional requirements with
examples
Structure of proteins (four levels of organization of
protein structure)
Qualitative tests and biological role of proteins and
amino acids
Diseases related to malnutrition of proteins.
4 Lipids 5
Definition, classification with examples
Structure and properties of triglycerides (oils and fats)
Fatty acid classification - Based on
chemical and nutritional requirements with
examples
Structure and functions of cholesterol in the body
Lipoproteins - types, composition and functions in the
body
Qualitative tests and functions of lipids
5 Nucleic acids 4
Definition, purine and pyrimidine bases
Components of nucleosides and nucleotides with
examples
Structure of DNA (Watson and Crick model), RNA and
their functions
6 Enzymes 5
Definition, properties and IUB and MB classification
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Mechanism of action of enzymes, Enzyme inhibitors
Therapeutic and pharmaceutical importance of
enzymes
7 Vitamins 6
Definition and classification with examples
Sources, chemical nature, functions, coenzyme form,
recommended dietary requirements, deficiency
diseases of fat-and water-soluble vitamins
8 Metabolism (Study of cycle/pathways without chemical 20
structures)
Metabolism of Carbohydrates: Glycolysis, TCA cycle
and glycogen metabolism, regulation of blood glucose
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level. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of
Carbohydrates
Metabolism of lipids: Lipolysis, β-oxidation of Fatty acid
(Palmitic acid) ketogenesis and ketolysis. Diseases
related to abnormal metabolism of lipids such as
Ketoacidosis, Fatty liver, Hypercholesterolemia
Metabolism of Amino acids (Proteins): General
reactions of amino acids and its significance–
Transamination, deamination, Urea cycle and
decarboxylation. Diseases related to abnormal
metabolism of amino acids, Disorders of ammonia
metabolism, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria and
Jaundice.
Biological oxidation: Electron transport chain
and Oxidative phosphorylation
9 Minerals: Types, Functions, Deficiency diseases, 05
recommended dietary requirements
10 Water and Electrolytes 05
Distribution, functions of water in the body
Water turnover and balance
Electrolyte composition of the body fluids, Dietary
intake of electrolyte and Electrolyte balance
Dehydration, causes of dehydration and oral
rehydration therapy
11 Introduction to Biotechnology 01
12 Organ function tests 06
Functions of kidney and routinely performed tests to
assess the functions of kidney and their clinical
significances
Functions of liver and routinely performed tests to
assess the functions of liver and their clinical
significances
Lipid profile tests and its clinical significances
13 Introduction to Pathology of Blood and Urine 06
Lymphocytes and Platelets, their role in health and
disease
Erythrocytes - Abnormal cells and their significance
Normal and Abnormal constituents of Urine and their
significance
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BIOCHEMISTRY & CLINICAL PATHOLOGY – PRACTICAL
Scope: This course is designed to train the students in the qualitative testing of
various biomolecules and testing of biological samples for determination of normal
and abnormal constituents
Course Objectives: This course will train and provide hands-on experiences on the
following
1. Qualitative determination of biomolecules / metabolites in simulated biological
samples
2. Determination of normal and abnormal constituents of simulated blood and
urine samples
Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be
able to
1. Qualitatively determine the biomolecules / metabolites in the given biological
samples
2. Determine the normal and abnormal constituents in blood and urine samples
and interpret the results of such testing
Practicals
Assignments
The students shall be asked to submit written assignments on Various Pathology
Lab Reports (One assignment per student per sessional period. i.e., a minimum of
THREE assignments per student)
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PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS - THEORY
Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be
able to
1. Help assessing the subjective and objective parameters of patients in
common disease conditions
2. Assist other healthcare providers to analyse drug related problems and
provide therapeutic interventions
3. Participate in planning the rational medicine therapy for common diseases
4. Design and deliver discharge counselling for patients
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Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Stroke
Migraine
(e) Gastro Intestinal Disorders 8
Gastro oesophageal reflux disease
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Alcoholic liver disease
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Crohn’s Disease and
Ulcerative Colitis)
(f) Haematological disorders 4
Iron deficiency anaemia
Megaloblastic anaemia
(g) Infectious diseases 12
Tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Urinary tract infections
Hepatitis
Gonorrhoea and Syphilis
Malaria
HIV and Opportunistic infections
Viral Infections (SARS, CoV2)
(h) Musculoskeletal disorders 3
Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis
(i) Dermatology 3
Psoriasis
Scabies
Eczema
(j) Psychiatric Disorders 4
Depression
Anxiety
Psychosis
(k) Ophthalmology 2
Conjunctivitis (bacterial and viral)
Glaucoma
(l) Anti-microbial Resistance 2
(m) Women’s Health 4
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Dysmenorrhea
Premenstrual Syndrome
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PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS – PRACTICAL
Scope: This course is designed to train the students in the basic skills required to
support the pharmaceutical care services for selected common disease conditions.
Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be
able to
1. Write SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan) notes for the
given clinical cases of selected common diseases
2. Counsel the patients about the disease conditions, uses of drugs, methods of
handling and administration of drugs, life-style modifications, and monitoring
parameters.
Practicals
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II. Patient counselling exercises using role plays based on the real / hypothetical
clinical case scenarios. The students are expected to provide counselling on
disease condition, medications, life-style modifications, monitoring parameters,
etc. and the same shall be documented. (Minimum 5 cases)
III. Simulated cases to enable dose calculation of selected drugs in paediatrics, and
geriatrics under various pathological conditions. (Minimum 4 cases)
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HOSPITAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACY – THEORY
Course Objectives: This course will discuss and train the students in the following
1. Hospital and Hospital Pharmacy organization and set-ups
2. Basics of hospital pharmacy services including the procurement, supply chain,
storage of medicines and medical supplies
3. Basics of clinical pharmacy including introduction to comprehensive
pharmaceutical care services
4. Basic interpretations of common laboratory results used in clinical diagnosis
towards optimizing the drug therapy
Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be
able to
1. Explain about the basic concepts of hospital pharmacy administration
2. Manage the supply chain and distribution of medicines within the hospital
settings
3. Assist the other healthcare providers in monitoring drug therapy and address
drug related problems
4. Interpret common lab investigation reports for optimizing drug therapy
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Infection Control Committee – Role of Pharmacist in
preventing Antimicrobial Resistance
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Daily activities of clinical pharmacists: Definition, goal, and
procedure of
Ward round participation
Treatment Chart Review
Adverse drug reaction monitoring
Drug information and poisons information
Medication history
Patient counselling
Interprofessional collaboration
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HOSPITAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACY – PRACTICAL
Scope: This course is designed to train the students to assist other healthcare
providers in the basic services of hospital and clinical pharmacy.
Course Objectives: This course will train the students with hands-on experiences,
simulated clinical case studies in the following:
1. Methods to systematically approach and respond to drug information queries
2. How to interpret common laboratory reports to understand the need for
optimizing dosage regimens
3. How to report suspected adverse drug reactions to the concerned authorities
4. Uses and methods of handling various medical/surgical aids and devices
5. How to interpret drug-drug interactions in the treatment of common diseases.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. Professionally handle and answer the drug information queries
2. Interpret the common laboratory reports
3. Report suspected adverse drug reactions using standard procedures
4. Understand the uses and methods of handling various medical/surgical aids
and devices
5. Interpret and report the drug-drug interactions in common diseases for
optimizing the drug therapy
Note: Few of the experiments of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy practical course
listed here require adequate numbers of desktop computers with internet
connectivity, adequate drug information resources including reference books,
different types of surgical dressings and other medical devices and accessories.
Various charts, models, exhibits pertaining to the experiments shall also be
displayed in the laboratory.
Practicals
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Different types of bandages such as sterile gauze, cotton, crepe bandages,
etc.
Needles, syringes, catheters, IV set, urine bag, RYLE’s tube, urine pots,
colostomy bags, oxygen masks, etc.
5. Case studies on drug-drug interactions (any 2 cases)
6. Wound dressing (simulated cases and role play –minimum 2 cases)
7. Vaccination and injection techniques (IV, IM, SC) using mannequins (5 activities)
8. Use of Hospital Pharmacy Software and various digital health tools
Assignments
The students shall be asked to submit written assignments on the following topics
(One assignment per student per sessional period. i.e., a minimum of THREE
assignments per student)
Field Visit
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PHARMACY LAW AND ETHICS – THEORY
Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be
able to
1. Describe the history and evolution of pharmacy law in India
2. Interpret the act and rules regulating the profession and practice of pharmacy in
India
3. Discuss the various codes of ethics related to practice standards in pharmacy
4. Interpret the fundamentals of patent laws from the perspectives of pharmacy
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Manufacture of drugs – Prohibition of manufacture and
sale of certain drugs, Conditions for grant of license and
conditions of license for manufacture of drugs,
Manufacture of drugs for test, examination and analysis,
manufacture of new drug, loan license and repacking
license.
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9 National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority: Drugs Price 5
Control Order (DPCO) - 2013. Objectives, Definitions, Sale
prices of bulk drugs, Retail price of formulations, Retail
price and ceiling price of scheduled formulations,
Pharmaceutical Policy 2002, National List of Essential
Medicines (NLEM)
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Assignments
The students shall be asked to submit written assignments on the following topics
(One assignment per student per sessional period. i.e., a minimum of THREE
assignments per student)
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