Ei 1542

EI 1542
Identification markings for dedicated aviation

fuel manufacturing and distribution facilities,
airport storage and mobile fuelling equipment
8th edition

Issued under license to Phillips 66 aviation customers only. Not for further circulation.
IMPORTANT: This file is subject to a licence agreement issued by the Energy Institute, London, UK. All rights reserved. It may only be used in accordance with
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IDENTIFICATION MARKINGS FOR DEDICATED AVIATION FUEL
MANUFACTURING AND DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES, AIRPORT
STORAGE AND MOBILE FUELLING EQUIPMENT
EI STANDARD 1542
Eighth edition
August 2007
IDENTIFICATION MARKINGS FOR DEDICATED AVIATION FUEL
MANUFACTURING AND DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES, AIRPORT
STORAGE AND MOBILE FUELLING EQUIPMENT
EI STANDARD 1542
Eighth edition
August 2007
Published by
ENERGY INSTITUTE, LONDON

The Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter 2003
Registered charity number 1097899
The Energy Institute gratefully acknowledges the financial contributions towards the scientific and
technical program m e from the following com panies:
BG Group M urco Petroleum Ltd

BH P Billiton Lim ited N exen
BP Exploration O perating Co Ltd Saudi Aram co
BP O il U K Ltd Shell U K O il Products Lim ited
Chevron Shell U .K. Exploration and Production Ltd
ConocoPhillips Ltd Statoil (U.K.) Lim ited
EN I Talism an Energy (U K) Ltd
ExxonM obil International Ltd Total E&P U K plc
Kuwait Petroleum International Ltd Total U K Lim ited
M aersk Oil N orth Sea UK Lim ited
Copyright © 2010 by The Energy Institute, London:

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ISBN 978 0 85293 567 5

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CONTENTS
Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Reasons for a marking code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 M arking code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Product designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1 Aviation gasoline designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Jet fuel designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4 Colour codes and labelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4.1 Aviation gasoline label and colour code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2 Jet fuel colour code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5 Product tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 11

5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 11
5.2 Aviation gasoline – All grades . . . .... .... .... . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 11
5.3 Jet fuel – All grades . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 11
6 Banding programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 13

6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 13
6.2 Aviation gasoline banding programme .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 13
6.3 Jet fuel banding programme . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 13
6.4 Summary figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 13
7 Fuel handling facilities/equipment . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 15

7.1 Pits and hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 15
7.2 Buried piping systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 15
7.3 Curbside fuelling cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 15
7.4 Dispensing nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 15
7.5 Storage tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 15
7.6 Road/rail transport loading positions . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 15
Contents cont... Page
8 Ground level facility off-loading points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
9 Aviation fuelling vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10 M echanical coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
11 Aviation drums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
12 M ilitary aviation fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
13 Aircraft fuel grade markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Annex A – References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
vi
FOREWORD
An effective aviation fuel handling equipment marking system for product identification can help to promote safe
and efficient manufacturing and marketing operations in the petroleum industry.
The marking and colour-coding system described herein is suitable for worldwide adoption. It is the culmination
of a joint effort combining the recommendations of the international aviation community.
This eighth edition of this publication has been produced jointly by the API Aviation Technical Services
Subcommittee and the Energy Institute (EI) Aviation Committee. It replaces the seventh edition published in 2002.
It should be noted that the recommendations given in this publication for the marking of different aviation fuel
products and grades are additional to the markings that are required by national legislation concerning the transport
of dangerous goods (e.g. ADR (Europe) and DOT (USA) regulations) which may also be applicable to mobile
fuelling equipment addressed in this standard.
The word 'shall' has been used in this publication to denote minimum provisions from which there is to be no
deviation. However, it should be noted that the adoption of this publication is voluntary.
The EI is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers to warn and equip their employees, and others exposed,
concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local and regional laws
and regulations.
Nothing contained in any EI publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for
the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything
contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.
Although it is hoped and anticipated that this publication will assist those responsible for designing, constructing,
commissioning, operating and maintaining aviation fuel handling systems, the EI cannot accept any responsibility,
of whatever kind, for damage or loss, or alleged damage or loss, arising or otherwise occurring as a result of the
application of the guidance contained herein.
Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Technical Department, The Energy Institute, 61 New
Cavendish Street, London, W 1G 7AR or e: technical@energyinst.org.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The preparation of this edition of this publication was undertaken by Mr. J. Thurston, Air BP, with input from
technical representatives of the following companies:
Air BP Limited
Air TOTAL International
AFS Aviation Fuel Service GmbH
Chevron
ConocoPhillips
ExxonMobil Aviation International Ltd.
ExxonMobil Fuels Marketing Company
Kuwait Petroleum International Aviation Company Ltd.
Marathon Petroleum Company LLC
Shell Aviation Ltd.
Shell Oil Products
viii
1
GENERAL
1.1 PURPOSE For further information on labelling systems for

equipment not in aviation use see the latest edition of
This publication is intended to provide a system for either API RP 1637 Using the API color-symbol system
marking aviation fuel types and grades on fuel-handling to mark equipment and vehicles for product
installations and equipment. identification at service stations and distribution
In addition to the requirements for proper marking terminals, or EI Code of practice for a product
and colour-coding, there is a need throughout the identification system for petroleum products.
aviation industry, in general, for uniformity in product
labels. The aviation gasoline (Avgas) and turbine fuel
(Jet Fuel) labelling system included herein for aviation 1.2 REASONS FOR A M ARKING CODE
use is recommended for worldwide use, not only for
aviation fuel handling equipment at airport fuel storage The aviation industry requires a uniform and easily
facilities, but for all situations where it is desirable to understood system for showing which fuel is in each
identify Avgas and Jet Fuel by type and grade. It is part of an aviation fuel handling system. This
intended to apply to equipment that is in continuous use requirement is based on the need to handle fuels safely,
for a single grade of aviation fuel, e.g.: to prevent mixing one grade with another, and to
prevent delivery of the wrong grade of fuel into an
— Airport depots. aircraft. Emphasis is placed on a colour-code system to
— Airport fuel hydrant systems. show Avgas as a type different from Jet Fuel and then
— Airport fuelling vehicles. to separate the grades within each type. The methods of
— Dedicated grade aviation fuel storage tanks and marking shall be clear from a distance as well as at
piping within terminals. close range.
— Dedicated grade aviation fuel loading facilities at A marking code is one element of protection
refineries, terminals or airports, etc. against grade mixing and contamination. Good practice
will dictate other protection measures including
It is not intended to apply to equipment that is not in mechanical or electronic devices to achieve product
continuous aviation fuel use, e.g.: selectivity. This standard does not address the general
subject of equipment selectivity; but mechanical coding
— Refinery storage tanks and associated piping. of hydrant pit couplers is covered (see section 10).
— Multi-product pipelines. Aviation fuel handling systems should be clearly
— Non-dedicated loading facilities, etc. marked wherever piping connections are made, valves
turned, or product loaded or unloaded.
ID EN TIFIC ATIO N M AR KIN G S FO R D ED IC ATED AV IATIO N FU EL M AN U FA C TU R IN G AN D D ISTR IBU TIO N FA C ILIT IES,
AIR PO R T STO R AG E AN D M O BILE FU ELLIN G EQ U IPM EN T
The marking code described herein permits rapid elements of the system are clearly visible whether the
identification under normal daylight conditions and also surface is black, green, or covered with snow.
during emergency, rainy, or night light conditions. The
2
MARKING CODE
The marking code provides the following four separate four elements of the marking code.
ways of rapidly identifying the product in each The labelling system and appropriate band shall, as
installation element: a minimum, be placed at the inlets and outlets of each
aviation gasoline fuel storage facility and above ground
a. Labelling system. storage tank.
b. Colour code. Colour-coding can be used to identify major valves,
c. Banding programme. hydrant pit covers and receipt and dispensing
d. Product tag. connections.
The labelling with appropriate band or the band
Table 1 summarizes the marking code for a, b and c. alone can be used at sites on piping arrangements to
The labelling system shall always have adjacent to give better clarity to the operator of the contents of the
it a band of the correct colour representing the grade of lines.
fuel of the labelling (see Figures 1 and 2). Product tags can be used on a valve stem of a
At some points throughout the system, dependent buried or enclosed valve, or on ground level off-loading
on the actual layout of the fuel storage facility, it may fill pipe connections and dust caps.
be desirable or necessary to use only of one of these
3
PRODUCT DESIGNATIONS
3.1 AVIATION GASOLINE b. No minimum rich-mixture rating octane number.

DESIGNATIONS c. Unleaded (UL).
d. Dyed purple.
There are five grade classifications of commercial
Avgas, described as "Avgas 80", "Avgas 82UL", Avgas 91 has the following characteristics:
"Avgas 91", "Avgas 100" and "Avgas 100LL". "Avgas a. M inimum lean-mixture motor method octane
82UL" is listed in ASTM D 6227 Standard specification number of 91,0.
for 82 unleaded aviation gasoline. "Avgas 91" is listed b. Minimum rich-mixture rating octane number of
in ASTM D 910 Standard specification for aviation 98,0.
gasolines. "Avgas 80", "Avgas 100" and "Avgas c. Maximum tetraethyl lead content of 0,56 gPb/L.
100LL" are listed in ASTM D 910 Standard d. Dyed brown.
specification for aviation gasolines and the UK Ministry
of Defence (MoD) Defence Standard 91-90 Gasoline, Avgas 100 has the following characteristics:
aviation: Grades 80/87, 100/130 and 100/130 low lead, a. Minimum lean-mixture rating octane number of
Joint Service Designation: Avgas 80, Avgas 100 and 99,5.
Avgas 100LL, and are distinguished by the following b. Minimum rich-mixture rating performance number
characteristics: of 130,0.
c. Maximum tetraethyl lead content of 1,12 gPb/L
a. Lean-mixture rating. (for fuels meeting ASTM D-910) or 0,85 gPb/L
b. Rich-mixture rating. (for fuels meeting Def Stan 91-90).
c. Tetraethyl lead content. d. Dyed green.
d. Colour.
Avgas 100LL has the following characteristics:
Avgas 80 has the following characteristics: a. Minimum lean-mixture rating octane number of
a. Minimum lean-mixture rating octane number of 99,5.
80,0. b. Minimum rich-mixture rating performance
b. Minimum rich-mixture rating octane number of number of 130,0.
87,0. c. Maximum tetraethyl lead content of 0,56 gPb/L.
c. Maximum tetraethyl lead content of 0,14 gPb/L. d. Dyed blue.
d. Dyed red. e. The suffix LL describes a grade containing lower
tetraethyl lead (Low Lead) than a second grade
Avgas 82UL has the following characteristics: (Avgas 100) of identical lean and performance
a. Minimum lean-mixture motor method octane rating.
number of 82,0.
3.2 JET FUEL DESIGNATIONS specification for Jet B wide cut aviation turbine fuel and
the IATA Guidance material for aviation turbine fuel
There are three grade classifications of commercial specifications.
aviation "Jet Fuels" for use in turbine-powered aircraft. Jet A is a kerosine-type distillate with a relatively
"Jet A" is listed in ASTM D 1655 Standard high flash point (minimum 38 °C). It has a maximum
specification for aviation turbine fuels and IATA freezing point of !40 °C.
Guidance m aterial for aviation turbine fuel Jet A-1 is a kerosine-type distillate similar to Jet A
specifications. "Jet A-1" is listed in ASTM D 1655 b u t i n c o rp o r a tin g s p e c i a l l o w - t e m p e r a t u r e
Standard specification for aviation turbine fuels, UK characteristics. It has a maximum freezing point of
MoD Defence Standard 91-91 Turbine fuel, aviation !47 °C.
kerosene type, Jet A-1, NATO Code: F-35, Joint Service Jet B is a volatile distillate with a relatively wide
Designation: AVTUR, and JIG Aviation fuel quality boiling range. It has a maximum freezing point of
requirements for jointly operated systems (AFQRJOS). !50 °C.
"Jet B" is listed in ASTM D 6615 Standard
PR O D U CT D ESIG N ATIO N S
Table 1: Airport equipment marking for fuel identification recommendations for airport fuel storage
installations and Terminals with dedicated fuel storage handling facilities
Piping and
Colour
Product Misc. Banding Labelling
Code
Equipment
Aviation Gasoline Grades
Avgas 80 Red White a
Avgas 82UL Purple White
Avgas 100 Green White a
Avgas 91 Brown White
Avgas 100LL Blue White a
Aviation Turbine Fuels
Jet A Black White a
Jet A-1 Black White a
Jet B Yellow White a
a
Aluminium is equally suitable, or if piping is all the colour shown for the colour code no banding is necessary.
4
COLOUR CODES AND LABELLING

4.1 AVIATION GASOLINE LABEL 4.2 JET FUEL COLOUR CODE
AND COLOUR CODE
The labels for jet fuel grades are printed in white letters
The labels for Avgas grades are printed in white letters and numbers on a black background. Black is used
and numbers on a red background. Red is used for the because it offers a distinct difference from the red used
background because it is an indication of the special for Avgas grades. Again, white is used for contrast. The
care which must be taken in the handling of the more label may take the form of a stencil and painted on, or
volatile fuels. W hite lettering is used for contrast. The as a decal with the applicable colour-coding. Labels
label may take the form of a stencil and painted on or as shall, as a minimum, be placed at the inlets and outlets
a decal with the applicable colour-coding. Labels and of each Avgas fuel storage facility above ground storage
bands shall, as a minimum, be placed at the inlets and tank.
outlets of each Avgas fuel storage facility above ground The labelling system shall always have adjacent to
storage tank. The labelling system shall always have it a band of the correct colour representing the grade of
adjacent to it a band of the correct colour representing fuel of the labelling.
the grade of fuel of the labelling. None of the jet fuels is dyed; the three grades
Each grade of Avgas is dyed a distinctive colour: normally vary naturally from white to light yellow.
Grade 80 is red, Grade 82 UL is purple, Grade 91 is Thus the colours used for banding have no relation to
brown, Grade 100 is green, and Grade 100LL is blue. the colour of the jet fuel. They are as follows: Jet A is
This colour code shall mark all major valves and pumps black, Jet A-1 is black, and Jet B is yellow. The more
with the same colour as the Avgas within the particular volatile product, Jet B, is distinguished by colour for the
system. banding programme. This colour code shall mark all
Pipelines, minor valves (e.g. pressure relief, air major valves and hydrant pit covers with the same
elimination), filter vessels (and associated drain valves) colour as the aviation fuel within the particular system.
shall be either painted the same identifying colour or Pipelines, minor valves (e.g. pressure relief, air
painted white or aluminium. Large pipelines (greater elimination), filter vessels (and associated drain valves)
than 75 mm (3 in.)) shall be marked with a label/band shall be either painted the same identifying colour or
combination or band. Small pipelines (75 mm (3 in.) or painted white or aluminium. Large pipelines (greater
less) shall be marked with a band of the proper colour at than 75 mm (3 in.)) shall be marked with a label/band
intervals as described in 6.2. combination or band. Small pipelines (75 mm (3 in.) or
Figure 1 illustrates the labelling and colour coding less) shall be marked with a band of the proper colour at
for Avgas. The large colour designation on the right of intervals as described in 6.2.
the gasoline grade markings represents the colour for Figure 2 illustrates the banding, labelling and
the colour code. colour-coding for jet fuels. In this figure, the large
colour designation on the right of the jet fuel grade
marking represents the colour for the colour-coding.
Figure 1: Aviation gasoline identification band, label and colour coding
Figure 2: Jet fuels identification band, label and colour coding
10
5
PRODUCT TAGS
5.1 GENERAL 5.2 AVIATION GASOLINE –

ALL GRADES
W here product tags are required, for example, on valve
stems of buried or enclosed valves, off-loading fill The product tag shall have a red background with the
stems and dust caps, the colour code shall be followed fuel grade in white lettering.
to be consistent with the grade labelling requirements in
section 3 and Table 1.
The tag shall be a rectangular metal strip of 5.3 JET FUEL –
appropriate size (a suggested size is 50 mm (2 in.) long ALL GRADES
by 25 mm (1 in.) wide and 7 mm (1/4 in.) thick) that
shall contain the grade label in a legible display. The tag The product tag for Jet A and Jet A-1 shall have a black
shall be attached using a durable material. background with the fuel grade in white lettering.
The grade label on the metal strip shall be painted The product tag for Jet B shall have a yellow
on, applied on as a decal or applied by some other background with the fuel grade in white lettering.
method which will resist weathering.
11
12
6
BANDING PROGRAMME
6.1 GENERAL 6.3 JET FUEL BANDING PROGRAM M E
Circular bands of an identifying colour are painted or Jet A lines are marked with one black band. Jet A-1
taped around the piping at intervals. The circular band lines are marked with two black bands. Jet B lines are
is used because it appears the same from all directions. marked with three yellow bands.
The band shall also be used next to a label. It is recommended that bands be at least 10 cm (4
in.) wide and be placed at intervals of no more than 6 m
(20 feet). Longer intervals may be used on long
6.2 AVIATION GASOLINE BANDING pipelines as long as the preceding and next bands are
PROGRAM M E visible from each band location.
If the pipeline is painted the grade-identifying
Avgas piping is banded with a single band in the grade- colour, no banding is required.
identifying colour. It is recommended that each band be Figure 2 illustrates the labelling system, colour
at least 5 cm (2 in.) wide and be placed at intervals of code and banding programme for jet fuel grades.
no more that 6 m (20 feet). Longer intervals may be
used on long pipelines when the preceding and next
bands are visible from each band location. 6.4 SUM M ARY FIGURE
If the pipeline is painted the grade-identifying
colour, no banding is required. Table 1 is a summary of the marking code. The upper
Figure 1 illustrates the labelling system, colour portion refers to the identification system of the five
code, and banding programme for Avgas grades. Avgas grades; the lower portion to the three jet fuel
grades.
13
14
7
FUEL HANDLING
FACILITIES/EQUIPMENT
7.1 PITS AND HYDRANTS or use colour-coded handles in the product grade colour
(i.e. jet fuel - black, Avgas – red) which will assist in
Hydrants, low point drain and high point drain covers identification of the correct grade when fuelling aircraft.
which hold valves, hydrant connections, hose reels, The use of small grade decals in addition to painting the
filters or other fuelling equipment should be painted in nozzle or using colour-coded handles can be an
the identifying product-grade colour where space is additional safeguard. Components of the nozzle, such as
insufficient to permit labelling. the spout, which come in contact with fuel or aircraft
connectors, shall not be painted. Additional detailed
information on this subject can be found in EI
7.2 BURIED PIPING SYSTEM S Recommended Practice 1597 Procedures for overwing
fuelling to ensure delivery of the correct fuel grade to
W here the piping is buried and inaccessible and only the an aircraft.
valve stem and wheel are exposed, they shall be painted
the identifying product-grade colour, and a flag post that
shows the label and banding should be fixed 7.5 STORAGE TANKS
permanently to the valve or to a concrete pad near the
valve. A proportional-sized label which is clearly visible from
20 m (60 feet), of the identifying product grade label,
shall be applied or painted on the tank wall above the
7.3 CURBSIDE FUELLING CABINETS tank inlet and outlet piping.
Curbside fuelling cabinets, which cover piping, filters,

pumps, valves and hose reels shall bear grade 7.6 ROAD/RAIL TRANSPORT LOADING
identification labels. Labels for the specific grade shall POSITIONS
be installed on all sides, tops, and inside main access
doors. Loading position top or bottom loading arms or hoses
shall be equipped with a label of the specific grade
clearly visible from the loading position. Bottom
7.4 DISPENSING NOZZLES loading couplings shall be equipped with an appropriate
sized label of the specific grade visible to the operator.
Overwing nozzles shall be colour-coded, using colour-
coded grade identification sleeves over the nozzle body,
15
16
8
GROUND LEVEL FACILITY

OFF-LOADING POINTS
W hen off-loading ground level fill boxes are used, the 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
fill box cover lid shall be painted in the colour code of Above ground airport storage receipt connection
the applicable grade of fuel. The fuel grade name shall adapters and dust covers for underground storage tanks
be applied in white letters around the fill box lid and shall have the inlet off-loading points painted in the
shall extend no more than 150 mm (6 in.) from the identifying product grade colour with identifying
outside rim of the fill box lid. banding and labelling located as near possible to the
Examples of stencils that can be used to apply the receipt.
colour-coding by painting are illustrated in Figures 3, 4,
T his is N O T a decal - This is a stencil for spray painting T his is N O T a decal - This is a stencil for spray painting
Figure 3:Gravity drop identification for Figure 4: Gravity drop identification for
Avgas 80 Avgas 100LL
17
T his is N O T a decal - This is a stencil for spray painting. T his is N O T a decal - This is a stencil for spray painting.
Figure 5: Gravity drop identification for Figure 6: Gravity drop identification for
Avgas 82UL Avgas 100
Avgas 91 Jet A Fuel
18
G R O U N D LEV EL FAC ILITY O FF-LO AD IN G PO IN TS
Jet A-1 Fuel Jet B Fuel
19
20
9
AVIATION FUELLING VEHICLES
The identifying product grade labels on refuellers, collector tanks, manway if the vehicle is top loaded and
hydrant servicers and carts shall be applied to the front, sample points. See 7.4 and 10 for additional aids in
back, sides, and prominently displayed inside the overwing nozzle colour-coding and coupler mechanical
driving compartment within the driver’s field of view coding.
(e.g. on the dashboard or steering wheel centre). In It is recommended that aviation grade-specific
addition these labels, or additionally applied labels if dedicated road bridgers (transports) be equipped with
warranted, shall be visible from each fuelling hose reel, grade labels and bands located adjacent to the loading
fueller bottom load adapter, sample return tanks, and off-loading delivery points on the tank.
21
22
10
MECHANICAL CODING
Couplers are available in a number of configurations Table 2: Six-position product selection

having simple selectivity and including a six-position
product-selection standard. One type of 63,5 mm (2,5 Position Product
in.) coupler mates with the International Standard 1 Avgas 100, Avgas 100LL
bayonet adapter. One type of 101,6 mm (4 in.) coupler
2 Avgas 80
has interchangeability dimension to conform to API RP
3
1004 Bottom loading and vapor recovery for MC-306
tank motor vehicles and EI Specification 1584 Four- 4 Jet A
inch hydrant system components and arrangements. 5 Jet B
Note: The 101,6 mm (4 in.) coupler is one of 6 Jet A–1
several available coupling systems.
The coupler product setting shall be made in Avgas 91 and Avgas 82UL shall use an aviation
accordance with Table 2. approved simple selective coupler incompatible with the
couplings mentioned in the six product settings above.
23
24
11
AVIATION DRUMS
Drums used for the loading, storage and dispensing of 100 mm (3-4 in.) wide. The information displayed
aviation fuels shall have the following information, below it should be in approximately 10-12 mm (0,38-
colour-coding and labelling. 0,5 in.) tall black letters and numbers; red letters may be
Signage in the form of an identifying grade label used on drums containing Avgas, but not on drums
and band shall be applied on the top lid with, as a containing jet fuel, and should be on a white
minimum, the following information applied below it: background. The identifying grade label, banding and
signage dimensions may be reduced in size if additional
— Aviation product designation. area is needed to display manufacturer, local or national
— Specification the aviation product was HAZCOM/HAZMAT and other signage, or to be able
manufactured to. to fit more conveniently onto the drum head and side.
— Batch number. The information may be applied by stencil or decal.
— Filling date. If by decal, consideration shall be given to ensure that
— Retest date. any filling location information applied on the decal is
— Quantity. applied in a way to ensure it cannot be rubbed off or
— Filling point. inadvertently removed easily.
— Leaded fuel [if applicable for the grade of aviation A duplicate-sized identifying grade label and the
fuel stored]. information displayed below it by decal or stencil, shall
also be applied to the side of the drum. This is to ensure
The identifying grade label and band (see Figure 11) of the grade of fuel stored and the information displayed
the product contained in the drum should be below can be identified when drums are stacked or
approximately 250-350 mm (10-14 in.) long and 75- stored upside down.
25
Figure 11: Aviation fuel top lid drum colour-coding and signage
26
12
MILITARY AVIATION FUELS
Military aviation fuel equipment markings for fuel revision) Identification methods for bulk petroleum
identification can be found in M IL-STD-161 (latest products systems including hydrocarbon missile fuel.
27
28
13
AIRCRAFT FUEL GRADE MARKINGS
Aircraft fuel grade markings, usually in the form of a required by the aircraft. For a detailed discussion of this
decal, are typically located adjacent to the aircraft fuel subject see EI Recommended Practice 1597 Procedures
ports. These types of markings are useful in ensuring for overwing fuelling to ensure delivery of the correct
the fuelling operator is aware of the grade of fuel fuel grade to an aircraft.
29
30
ANNEX A
REFERENCES
API 1 Energy Institute 3

API RP 1004 Bottom loading and vapor recovery for EI Code of practice for a product identification system
MC-306 tank motor vehicles for petroleum products
API RP 1637 Using the API color-symbol system to EI Specification 1584 Four-inch hydrant system
mark equipment and vehicles for product identification components and arrangements
at service stations and distribution terminals EI Recommended Practice 1597 Procedures for
overwing fuelling to ensure delivery of the correct fuel
ASTM International2 grade to an aircraft
ASTM D 1655 Standard specification for aviation
turbine fuels International Air Transport Association (IATA) 4
ASTM D 6227 Standard specification for 82 unleaded Guidance material for aviation turbine fuel
aviation gasoline specifications
ASTM D 6615 Standard specification for Jet B wide cut
aviation turbine fuel Joint Inspection Group 5
ASTM D 910 Standard specification for aviation Aviation fuel quality requirements for jointly operated
gasolines systems (AFQRJOS)
1
Available from API Publications, Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, M/S C303B, Englewood,
CO80112-5776, USA. Tel: 303 397 7956, Fax: 303 397 2740, www.api.org
2
Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, USA,
www.astm.org
3
Available from Portland Customer Services, Commerce Way, Whitehall Industrial Estate, Colchester, CO2 8HP. Tel:
+44(0)1206 796 351, email: sales@portland-services.com, www.energyinstpubs.org.uk.
4
Available from IATA, 800 Place Victoria, PO Box 113, Montréal, Québec, Canada, HY2 1M1, Tel: +1 514 874 0202, Fax:
+1 514 874 9632, email: sales@iata.org, www.iata.com
5
Available from the Joint Inspection Group, c/o 35 Abercorn Place, London, NW8 9DR, UK. Free to download from
www.jointinspectiongroup.org
31
UK M inistry of Defence (M oD) 6 US Department of Defence 7

Defence Standard 91-90 Gasoline, aviation: Grades M IL-ST D-161 Identification methods for bulk
80/87, 100/130 and 100/130 low lead, Joint Service petroleum products systems including hydrocarbon
Designation: Avgas 80, Avgas 100 and Avgas 100LL missile fuel
Defence Standard 91-91 Turbine fuel, aviation kerosene
type, Jet A-1, NATO Code: F-35, Joint Service
Designation: AVTUR
6
Available from UK Defence Standardization, Room 1138, Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street, Glasgow, G2 8EX, Tel:
+44(0)141 224 2531, Fax: +44(0)141 224 2503, www.dstan.mod.uk
7
Available from the ASSIST database at http://astimage.daps.dla.mil/online/new
32
Global aviation fuel handling publications
The Energy Institute is the provider of the following portfolio of equipment standards and operational
recommended practices to facilitate the safe and efficient handling of aviation fuel, particularly at airports.
They are available for use internationally. The titles include those that were developed jointly with the API.
These are available through the EI from either www.energypublishing.org or Portland Customer Services
(t: +44 (0)1206 796 351). The two API titles can be obtained from www.global.ihs.com. For further information
on the EI aviation fuel handling portfolio please contact technical@energyinst.org.
General
Title Ed. ISBN

EI 1540 Design, construction, operation and maintenance of aviation fuelling 4th 978 0 85293 565 1
facilities
EI 1541 Performance requirements for protective coating systems used in 1st 978 0 85293 566 8
aviation fuel storage tanks and piping
EI 1542 Identification markings for dedicated aviation fuel manufacturing and 8th 978 0 85293 567 5
distribution facilities, airport storage and mobile fuelling equipment
EI 1585 Guidance in the cleaning of aviation fuel hydrant systems at airports 2nd 978 0 85293 568 2
EI 1594 Initial pressure strength testing of airport fuel hydrant systems with water 2nd 978 0 85293 569 9
EI 1597 Procedures for overwing fuelling to ensure delivery of the correct fuel 1st 978 0 85293 570 5
grade to an aircraft
EI HM 20 Meter proving: Aviation fuelling positive displacement meters 1st 978 0 85293 302 2
Equipment (excluding filtration)

EI 1529 Aviation fuelling hose and hose assemblies 6th 978 0 85293 571 2
EI 1584 Four-inch hydrant system components and arrangements 3th 978 0 85293 572 9
EI 1598 Considerations for electronic sensors to monitor free water and/or 1st 978 0 85293 573 6
particulate matter in aviation fuel
EI Research report Review of methods of bonding a hydrant dispenser (servicer) to an 1st 978 0 85293 475 3
aircraft for refuelling
Filtration equipment
EI 1550 Handbook on equipment used for the maintenance and delivery of 1st 978 0 85293 574 3
clean aviation fuel
EI 1581 Specification and qualification procedures for aviation jet fuel filter/sepa- 5th 978 0 85293 575 0
rators
EI 1582 Specification for similarity for EI 1581 aviation jet fuel filter/separators 1st 978 0 85293 576 7
EI 1583 Laboratory tests and minimum performance levels for aviation fuel 5th 978 0 85293 527 9
filter monitors
EI 1590 Specifications and qualification procedures for aviation fuel microfilters 2nd 978 0 85293 577 4
EI 1596 Design and construction of aviation fuel filter vessels 1st 978 0 85293 578 1
EI 1599 Laboratory tests and minimum performance levels for aviation fuel 1st 978 0 85293 579 8
dirt defence filters
EI Research report Electrostatic discharges in 2-inch fuel filter monitors 1st 978 0 85293 388 6
EI Research report Electrostatic discharges in 2-inch aviation fuel filter monitors Phase 2: 1st 978 0 85293 408 1
Properties needed to control discharges
EI Research report Investigation into the effects of lubricity additives on the performance 1st 978 0 85293 395 4
of filter/water separators
North American fuel handling
API 1543 Documentation, monitoring and laboratory testing of aviation fuel 1st A154301
during shipment from refinery to airport
API 1595 Design, construction, operation, maintenance, and inspection of avia- 1st A159501
tion pre-airfield storage terminals
Energy Institute This publication has been produced as a result of
61 New Cavendish Street work carried out within the Technical Team of the
London W1G 7AR, UK Energy Institute (EI), funded by the EI’s Technical
Partners. The EI’s Technical Work Programme
t: +44 (0) 20 7467 7157 provides industry with cost effective, value adding
f: +44 (0) 20 7255 1472 knowledge on key current and future issues
e: pubs@energyinst.org.uk affecting those operating in the energy sector,
www.energyinst.org.uk both in the UK and beyond.
ISBN 978 0 85293 567 5
Registered Charity Number 1097899


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Identification markings for dedicated aviation

ENERGY INSTITUTE, LONDON

BG Group M urco Petroleum Ltd

Copyright © 2010 by The Energy Institute, London:

ISBN 978 0 85293 567 5

Electronic access to EI publications is available via our website, w ww.energypublishing.org.

4 Colour codes and labelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

5 Product tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 11

6 Banding programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 13

7 Fuel handling facilities/equipment . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 15

8 Ground level facility off-loading points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

9 Aviation fuelling vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

12 M ilitary aviation fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

13 Aircraft fuel grade markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1.1 PURPOSE For further information on labelling systems for

3.1 AVIATION GASOLINE b. No minimum rich-mixture rating octane number.

Aviation Gasoline Grades

Avgas 80 Red White a

Avgas 82UL Purple White

Avgas 100 Green White a

Avgas 91 Brown White

Avgas 100LL Blue White a

Aviation Turbine Fuels

Jet A Black White a

Jet A-1 Black White a

Jet B Yellow White a

COLOUR CODES AND LABELLING

Figure 1: Aviation gasoline identification band, label and colour coding

Figure 2: Jet fuels identification band, label and colour coding

5.1 GENERAL 5.2 AVIATION GASOLINE –

6.1 GENERAL 6.3 JET FUEL BANDING PROGRAM M E

Curbside fuelling cabinets, which cover piping, filters,

GROUND LEVEL FACILITY

AVIATION FUELLING VEHICLES

Couplers are available in a number of configurations Table 2: Six-position product selection

MILITARY AVIATION FUELS

AIRCRAFT FUEL GRADE MARKINGS

API 1 Energy Institute 3

UK M inistry of Defence (M oD) 6 US Department of Defence 7

Title Ed. ISBN

Equipment (excluding filtration)

North American fuel handling

ISBN 978 0 85293 567 5

Registered Charity Number 1097899

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