Crime Victims An Introduction To Victimology 8th Edition Andrew Karmen Test Bank
Crime Victims An Introduction To Victimology 8th Edition Andrew Karmen Test Bank
Crime Victims An Introduction To Victimology 8th Edition Andrew Karmen Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Reporting rates vary according to:
a. geographical location.
b. age.
c. race.
d. all of these
2. That a convicted criminal serves as a warning to would-be offenders contemplating the same act
is the logic of:
a. retribution.
b. rehabilitation.
c. general deterrence.
d. specific deterrence.
3. Punishment in the form of imprisonment has been defended as a method of enhancing public
safety by _____ dangerous predators.
a. restoring
b. rehabilitating
c. incapacitating
d. all of these reforming
4. Punishment justified on the grounds of ______ implies that punishment is a morally sound
practice, regardless of any value it has in deterring or incapacitating criminals.
a. rehabilitation
b. just deserts
c. general deterrence
d. specific deterrence
5. The functionalist perspective believes the criminal justice process is supposed to:
a. assist the offender in obtaining rehabilitation.
b. reduce harm for the community.
c. be the first line of defense for innocent citizens against criminals.
d. act on its own behalf.
6. Victims who want the court to order convicts to repay them for the costs arising from their
injuries and losses are in favor of:
a. retribution.
b. rehabilitation.
c. restitution.
d. incapacitation.
10. Victims are more likely to endorse treatment or rehabilitation services if:
a. the offender is a stranger.
b. the offender is someone they know.
c. the have been a victim before.
d. all of these
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Chapter 6: Victims and the Criminal Justice System
Part I: The Police
13. The crime with the highest reporting rate (90% in 2003) is:
a. robbery.
b. identity theft.
c. domestic violence.
d. auto theft.
14. The only reporting rate that changes substantially from year to year is for _____________.
a. simple assault.
b. robbery.
c. rape.
d. motor vehicle theft.
15. When victims go beyond silence and inaction and conspire or collaborate in a cover-up to conceal
a serious crime, they can be arrested and charged with:
a. misprision of a felony.
b. criminal facilitation.
c. criminal provocation.
d. criminal precipitation.
16. The failure of witnesses to report certain kinds of offenses is a ________ in some jurisdictions.
a. violation
b. felony
c. misdemeanor
d. none of these
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18. One of the most emotionally draining tasks in police work is:
a. arresting and booking female offenders.
b. notifying a parent that their child has been arrested.
c. notifying the next of kin of people about the death of a family member..
d. arresting and booking juveniles.
19. The process in which police completely reject a person’s claim about being the victim of a crime
is known as:
a. unfounding.
b. defounding.
c. misprision of a felony.
d. second wound.
20. _______ means detectives believe an offense really did take place but was not as serious as the
complainant described it.
a. Unfounding
b. Defounding
c. Misprision of a felony
d. Second wound
21. Many police departments have established _____ to reexamine old unsolved serious crimes.
a. victim assistance programs
b. cold case squads
c. detective bureaus
d. citizen’s arrest units
22. According to the NCVS, which is the following is true about the reporting rate for violent crimes:
a. victims report violent crimes almost all the time.
b. victims report violent crimes approximately half the time.
c. victims almost never report violent crimes.
d. none of these is correct.
23. Police officers exercise a great deal of _____ in deciding whom to take into custody and book
and whom to let go.
a. preference
b. diplomacy
c. discretion
d. restriction
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Chapter 6: Victims and the Criminal Justice System
Part I: The Police
24. What performance measures indicate a police department is fulfilling its mission
a. a temporary rise in the crime rate due to an increase number of citizens feeling
comfortable making a report.
b. customer satisfaction surveys indicating victims were satisfied with how police handled
their case.
c. a rise in clearance rates.
d. all of these.
TRUE/FALSE
1. Rehabilitation is what comes first to most people’s minds when considering what justice entails.
a. true b. false
2. The logic of general deterrence implies that the offender who experiences unpleasant
consequences learns a lesson and is discouraged from breaking the law again.
a. true b. false
3. The logic of specific deterrence is that making an example of a convicted criminal serves as a
warning to would-be offenders contemplating the same act.
a. true b. false
4. Punishment in the form of imprisonment has been defended as a method of enhancing public
safety by incapacitating dangerous predators.
a. true b. false
5. Justifying punishment on the grounds of just deserts implies that punishment is a morally sound
practice, regardless of any value it has in deterring or incapacitating criminals.
a. true b. false
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10. Victimologists have long suspected that arrest rates vary from police department to police
department, depending on the closeness of their working relationships with the public they serve.
a. true b. false
11. When victims go beyond silence and inaction and conspire or collaborate in a cover-up to conceal
a serious crime, they can be arrested and charged with misprision of a felony.
a. true b. false
12. The failure of witnesses to report certain violent offenses is a misdemeanor in many jurisdictions.
a. true b. false
14. The highest rate of reporting was in thefts of household property worth less than $50.
a. true b. false
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Chapter 6: Victims and the Criminal Justice System
Part I: The Police
16. Since 2002, the U.S. Department of Justice has not had a need to conduct audits of police
departments to determine whether police are complying with civil rights laws mandating fair and
equal treatment of all persons.
a. true b. false
17. Unfounding is the process during which the police completely reject a person’s claim about
being the victim of a crime.
a. true b. false
18. Defounding means detectives believe an offense really did take place but was not as serious
as the complainant described it.
a. true b. false
19. Many police departments have established victim assistance programs to reexamine old
unsolved serious crimes.
a. true b. false
20. Police officers exercise a great deal of preference in deciding whom to take into custody and
book and whom to let go.
a. true b. false
ESSAY QUESTIONS
1. Outline and explain the three key goals victims can pursue through the criminal justice system.
ANS: Victims may have the goal that violent offenders should be punished severely. The second
approach would be to use the criminal justice process to address the offender’s needs for
rehabilitation. Finally, the victim may be seeking financial redress of the crime and utilize the
criminal justice process to obtain it.
2. Discuss the reasons why a victim might choose to not report a crime to the police. Include a
discussion of the victim’s role as a facilitator, precipitator, or provocateur.
ANS: The police department may not have the trust of local residents. The victim may be either a
recent immigrant or wanted by the police himself, both causing a decision not to report the police
for the fear of the attention it will bring to them. There may be language or cultural barriers. As
with most crimes, if there is a relationship between the offender and victim the crime might not
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Test Bank
be reported to either keep the matter ‘a private affair’, it was dealt with in a informal manner, or
so the offender won’t get in legal trouble. Victim advocacy groups have argued the lack of
reporting is an indicator of the reduction in faith in the criminal justice process to resolve the
problem.
3. When people fill out a complaint in a police station, they want officers to accept without question
their versions of what transpired. Define and discuss the processes of unfounding and defounding.
In what ways do these processes impact the numbers of serious crimes recorded by police
departments?
ANS: Unfounding is the result of the police process where the victim’s claim is rejected either
because the officer does not believe the victim or the case is essentially unprovable in a court of
law. Defounding concerns those cases where the officer believes the crime took place but is not to
the level of seriousness noted by the victim. .In these types of cases, the crime may be reclassified
to a lesser charge. Statistically speaking, this reduces the number of serious crimes tabulated by
the police department. This can be questioned if the tabulated reduction coincides with recent
pressures to reduce violent crime from political or other social forces.
4. In what ways can the police better serve the best interest of crime victims?
ANS: Police could focus on responding more quickly to crimes. Quick response times can help
the victims through preventing the commission of the crime, catching the offender, increasing the
chances of recovering stolen property, being able to get the evidence while it is ‘fresh’, and
locating witnesses. Police need to communicate more effectively with victims. This would
include the police appearing to be concerned, connected, and involved with what happened to the
victim. Police need to be sensitive to the impact a crime has upon an individual and not create a
secondary victimization through acting callously or indifferent. Some of these problems can be
resolved through addressing the concerns of burnout as well as the norms of the police subculture
that drive the emphasis on being tough, suspicious of civilians, and cynicism.
ANS: The UCR defines clearing crimes as making arrests. The FBI guidelines for tabulation state
once an offender is turned over the prosecutor, the crime has been cleared by police. Other
clearances occur when the offender has died, is already incarcerated for another crime, or is
somehow unattainable. Some police departments use cold case squads to boost their clearance
rates. These squads re-open old cases with the hopes of finding resolution.
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