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Oracle Database 21c Installation On Oracle Linux 8 (OL8)
Oracle 21c is an innovation release, so it may not be suitable for most production
systems. Please read this before using Oracle 21c for anything real.

This article describes the installation of Oracle Database 21c 64-bit on Oracle Linux 8 (OL8) 64-
bit. The article is based on a server installation with a minimum of 2G swap and secure Linux set
to permissive. An example of this type of Linux installation can be seen here here.
Download Software
Hosts File
Oracle Installation Prerequisites
Automatic Setup
Manual Setup
Additional Setup
Installation
Database Creation
Post Installation
Read-Only Oracle Home
Related articles.
Oracle Universal Installations (OUI) Silent Installations
Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) : Creating Databases in Silent Mode
Download Software
Download the Oracle software from OTN or MOS depending on your support status.
OTN: Oracle Database 21c (21.3) Software (64-bit)
edelivery: Oracle Database 21c (21.3) Software (64-bit)
Hosts File
The "/etc/hosts" file must contain a fully qualified name for the server.
<IP-address> <fully-qualified-machine-name> <machine-name>
For example.
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
192.168.56.107 ol8-21.localdomain ol8-21

Set the correct hostname in the "/etc/hostname" file.

ol8-21.localdomain

Oracle Installation Prerequisites

Perform either the Automatic Setup or the Manual Setup to complete the basic prerequisites.
The Additional Setup is required for all installations.
Automatic Setup
If you plan to use the "oracle-database-preinstall-21c" package to perform all your prerequisite
setup, issue the following command.
# dnf install -y oracle-database-preinstall-21c

It is probably worth doing a full update as well, but this is not strictly speaking necessary.
# dnf update -y

It's worth running the all the DNF commands listed in the manual setup section.
Depending on the OS package groups you have selected, some additional packages
might also be needed.

If you are using RHEL8 or CentOS8, you can pick up the RPM from the OL8 repository and
install it. It will pull the dependencies from your normal repositories.
curl -o oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm https://yum.oracle.com

dnf -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

Manual Setup
If you have not used the "oracle-database-preinstall-21c" package to perform all prerequisites,
you will need to manually perform the following setup tasks.
Add the following lines to the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file, or in a file called "/etc/sysctl.d/98-
oracle.conf".
 fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

Run one of the following commands to change the current kernel parameters, depending on
which file you edited.
/sbin/sysctl -p
# Or
/sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf

Add the following lines to a file called "/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-

21c.conf" file.
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock 134217728
oracle soft memlock 134217728
oracle soft data unlimited
oracle hard data unlimited

The following packages are listed as required. Don't worry if some don't install. It won't prevent
the installation.
dnf install -y bc
dnf install -y binutils
dnf install -y compat-openssl10
dnf install -y elfutils-libelf
dnf install -y glibc
dnf install -y glibc-devel
dnf install -y ksh
 dnf install -y libaio
dnf install -y libXrender
dnf install -y libX11
dnf install -y libXau
dnf install -y libXi
dnf install -y libXtst
dnf install -y libgcc
dnf install -y libnsl
dnf install -y libstdc++
dnf install -y libxcb
dnf install -y libibverbs
dnf install -y make
dnf install -y policycoreutils
dnf install -y policycoreutils-python-utils
dnf install -y smartmontools
dnf install -y sysstat

# Added by me.
dnf install -y unixODBC

Create the new groups and users.

groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper
#groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
#groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
#groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
#groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
#groupadd -g 54328 asmoper
#groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
#groupadd -g 54330 racdba

useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

Uncomment the extra groups you require.

Additional Setup
The following steps must be performed, whether you did the manual or automatic setup.
Set the password for the "oracle" user.
passwd oracle

Set secure Linux to permissive by editing the "/etc/selinux/config" file, making sure the SELINUX
flag is set as follows.
 SELINUX=permissive

Once the change is complete, restart the server or run the following command.
# setenforce Permissive

If you have the Linux firewall enabled, you will need to disable or configure it, as shown here. To
disable it, do the following.
# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld

If you are not using Oracle Linux and UEK, you will need to manually disable transparent huge
pages.
Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed.
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1
mkdir -p /u02/oradata
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 /u02
chmod -R 775 /u01 /u02

Putting mount points directly under root without mounting separate disks to them is
typically a bad idea. It's done here for simplicity, but for a real installation "/" storage
should be reserved for the OS.

Unless you are working from the console, or using SSH tunnelling, login as root and issue the
following command.
xhost +<machine-name>

The scripts are created using the cat command, with all the "$" characters escaped. If
you want to manually create these files, rather than using the cat command, remember to
remove the "\" characters before the "$" characters.

Create a "scripts" directory.

mkdir /home/oracle/scripts
Create an environment file called "setEnv.sh". The "$" characters are escaped using "\". If you
are not creating the file with the cat command, you will need to remove the escape characters.
cat > /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh <<EOF
# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=\$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol8-21.localdomain
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1
export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInventory
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export PDB_NAME=pdb1
export DATA_DIR=/u02/oradata

export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:\$PATH
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
EOF

Add a reference to the "setEnv.sh" file at the end of the "/home/oracle/.bash_profile" file.
echo ". /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

Create a "start_all.sh" and "stop_all.sh" script that can be called from a startup/shutdown
service. Make sure the ownership and permissions are correct.
cat > /home/oracle/scripts/start_all.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh

export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

dbstart \$ORACLE_HOME
EOF

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/stop_all.sh <<EOF

#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh
 export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

dbshut \$ORACLE_HOME
EOF

chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/scripts

chmod u+x /home/oracle/scripts/*.sh

Once the installation is complete and you've edited the "/etc/oratab", you should be able to
start/stop the database with the following scripts run from the "oracle" user.
~/scripts/start_all.sh
~/scripts/stop_all.sh

You can see how to create a Linux service to automatically start/stop the database here.
Installation
Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental
variable.
DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY

Switch to the ORACLE_HOME directory, unzip the software directly into this path and start the
Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing one of the following commands in the ORACLE_HOME
directory. The interactive mode will display GUI installer screens to allow user input, while the
silent mode will install the software without displaying any screens, as all required options are
already specified on the command line.
# Unzip software.
cd $ORACLE_HOME
unzip -oq /path/to/software/LINUX.X64_213000_db_home.zip

# Interactive mode.
./runInstaller

# Silent mode.
./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -silent \
-responseFile ${ORACLE_HOME}/install/response/db_install.rsp \
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=${ORACLE_HOSTNAME} \
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
INVENTORY_LOCATION=${ORA_INVENTORY} \
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,en_GB \
ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME} \
 ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE} \
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba \
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false \
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

Run the root scripts when prompted.

As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

You can read more about silent installations here.

You are now ready to create a database, but it's better to patch the installation first if you have
access to Oracle Support.
Database Creation
You create a database using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA). The interactive
mode will display GUI screens to allow user input, while the silent mode will create the database
without displaying any screens, as all required options are already specified on the command
line.
# Start the listener.
lsnrctl start

# Interactive mode.
dbca

# Silent mode.
dbca -silent -createDatabase \
-templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
-gdbname ${ORACLE_SID} -sid ${ORACLE_SID} -responseFile NO_VALUE \
-characterSet AL32UTF8 \
-sysPassword SysPassword1 \
-systemPassword SysPassword1 \
-createAsContainerDatabase true \
-numberOfPDBs 1 \
-pdbName ${PDB_NAME} \
-pdbAdminPassword PdbPassword1 \
-databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \
-memoryMgmtType auto_sga \
-totalMemory 2000 \
 -storageType FS \
-datafileDestination "${DATA_DIR}" \
-redoLogFileSize 50 \
-emConfiguration NONE \
-ignorePreReqs

You can read more about silent database creation here.

Post Installation
Edit the "/etc/oratab" file setting the restart flag for each instance to 'Y'.
cdb1:/u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1:Y

Enable Oracle Managed Files (OMF) and make sure the PDB starts when the instance starts.
sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
alter system set db_create_file_dest='${DATA_DIR}';
alter pluggable database ${PDB_NAME} save state;
exit;
EOF

Read-Only Oracle Home

From Oracle 21c onward, read-only Oracle homes are the default. This feature is described in
the following article.
Read-Only Oracle Homes in Oracle Database 18c
For more information see:
Oracle Database 21c : Installation Guide for Linux
Automating Database Startup and Shutdown on Linux
Oracle Universal Installations (OUI) Silent Installations
Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) : Creating Databases in Silent Mode
Hope this helps. Regards Tim...
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Created: 2021-08-15 Updated: 2022-11-06
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