LON PRESSURE SSTEM&

lenob Conshtutes.
Contol
Bownstream to low incudes
pressiue System Tt
’ Kotameter
-VapoizerS
-) heCe Volve.

’RoTAMETER :
Rataoeter contains ouneer
hilbes
Control knobs:
As a safe measure
pievent opering of uroncq knob)hese
Color Coded
flou cotaol are
Blue or nitrous oXide.

Placie
Flowmeter hbes
louwmeter tubes e qlass.
Abes which oNe trons paret and
Nasiable oifce tapered narow at
base and uider at apex)
These hses
Shotpes
Bobbin
gases each
each be contains aluminium
loatcalled as bobbio.
ppex end bobin detesroines
lo cate.
Safety fethures of rotaneter
hbe hould rmost dounstream,ie.
be
Ok4en Should be he last
nter Yuarneier
Ougennitaus xako CortrolerKygen
nitrous qroportioning system Q and
interconncted.
Eloiescent back panel of Kotameter
So hat
dare.
Rotaneers are hand calibrated to
minimize erors.
Theas antistake to peYent
Shccing of Bobin to (loumetr

THpes of fowmeter:"
Heidbrink ounEter1
st Consiss o metal
kapared hbe with inveted back flot.
Connell lowmeter

ploat (oasbin)
 VARoRIzERS3
whic are VSed
Ahe ovicos
inhalohonal cents liayisà)
Ao deliver
Ncponzers qr made vpot
(Coggerl
of he pust-liiee,
do vapozers
eher boe hielene b c e
holdmnan vapoizer hascen
noueYaposizers

Aladin casseHe vapaázeris he

|aest vepo zer uwhich Canbe Used to
delyer al ihaltianal qents.Tt just
xeoyuines inserion of coloY -Codd Casselte
of each agert o vest evenhing 1S

Aqent 2Botig point Yaporpressure

seyoflurune A6o mm Ha
Halothone
Iso fluranei
Deslunne 680
Safety features in Yaporizer
r sopaizers agertspecike
Neuser
There
mentoned NOpoizers.
Color code
’ Reà for halohane.
urpe for isolurane
’ Yellow for sevolurone.
elue or desflurane,.
"Lteocic devices which preYent more
han One NapoZer to be tumed

One- y chnecK Nalve Tt is pacod

just belore nachine atel
Nenilaian
Anesthesia Ventilators:
Ihey Can worK in Volume
ell aS pYessJYe mode. Majariy
the newer machines quefers
ascending bolauws over doscending belbus
Cre beltor teted io
oecouse \ealcs
ascending bollauis.
Safety fechures:
FreohAresh gas decoupling
Compensaion and
 nobs
whereAbmeherg
pessure stase 2nd heacheS xe
pressuY secon YegulatoY,
od bpsS-35
i
d furhur
furthur
e preSsure
is to
Tho pi. 45-6o
presqure
to he ces seduYeqlaos pressure
Thepretsure high t calinders
Cxe Chgses
In
Hachine:
esia inAos has Mechanism
of
han \ess erts
d per (Racts ppm 2S isheter
ofotous Concetraion
permissile Maximum
pollhon Ahete
qases eAhaled
to eioiinate
ze
system Scavenging
Nolume
sethda stable
glouu
o cas esh \ealcage
in
ínrnpensatíon proide heg
of Nentlaora
inpottant eg are
eatiss
in.
 at he
AhereiAhey paxsokaápaázex
forkafaiog inhaJchoné eent The sopts
carkainin
QasecuS mixhYe hch isinally delvere
aachine athe ct pressure
S- psi
The Reacl cas misture devered fooro
machine otle called as
fresh gas lau.
his qas Consishs of
666 nitous oXide.
’33:37 ogen
Inhalaional agent.
 BREATHING CIRITSE
e Breahing circuits Connek paient
to anehesia machine
These are ivide to
’open syhern
Semiopen sstem
’ Semniclesed ond closed stems
Open System:
Ichalationa aqentis yec
Poured verpotient nouth and notil
by pacing auireire masls
(schimmellbusch mase.
6pen systems LIere usedr in ast fox deliuey
eher and
Chloroforrn
Semi closed cirauits:
DesoRbed by Mapleson
These ARvaded co siX upes.
THpe A,BgG, D,E.E.
Type A
For maqill cir cuit resh qas low chauld
eauol to minute Nolume to prevent
Keareothing
patient
spontaneoudy breathing
 APL Nove:
near o patient

.Reservair (ereatthing) Baq

hese are
aneshcsio orecthing circuits
Ahe Aoetlate
eer
Capacties are
NOnates
Chilàren (up to 3 Hears)
hildren >3yeoS A4000 ml
Alts 2,000 m
Maqill circuit is with tuo tbesi
Loder be is expiranA

Frech A ow inlet brought

APL alve.

Corgated hbing i Chortened

Type AeL walve bruant hear ho bag.
Made by scienist Boin.

Bain drauit are:

Advontages of
 " Peseance is les(con om
ao)a
Fresh
inlegas Exçirsteny Nalve.
52

Brenthing
Type A

Typec

Tpeo
Abiog
TuPe Fi (Jaccson nà Rees circát).
Byre's TT piece uas
uwas made com plete bË

acicson and
seatring
Rees.
COSEO ORCUIT&

Ln clese cicuit exxpiraoy gases pass

Canstex contalning sodaline. sodalEme

absorbs thecatbon oxide aom these
qses and the. Came ases
expixe d
Since ne Qases
Ae Yeuced oy patient ctmosohere these
aKe, wening at ia
 aRcuT FREsHGAS oN
SpONTPNGOS|CotROLEO CoMENTS :
mincte volume hiqh low Gfcuitof hoice for
Macgl civait) 3X min volumeSpontanes yenhlahon
-qat uced
ontlled vertillaion
axio volumea-29%ninvome
pec. ax min voume2-29x min Vcume No more used

a5xmin voume1-6x min vdume for contvolled venhlahon

(Bain ciait) |r lo-les nmUsed semclosed irsit
THPe E 5x min vdume3x min VelumePe hctncinom icit.
(AyresT pe
TUPe F |a5xmin Vdumell-5-2x min Comnonly Used
(Taceson - volune Padicc dreut.
Res)

OpoNENTS OF aOsE CRcUrT -

Coroon dioxde albsoroents
Sodalnne ot Common Used O cbsctert
The reacfon beheen solaltcne and Cog is
exotheronic
Composition:
NaoH : 51. (Naot) acts as Cotnhst
oH
 Preperties of Sodaline granwest
Horcaess h l be moe hanIS
Moishure lu-1q)i needed
Si|e
ar SQace shod be So.
S1o0 of Soaline can bsot au-26

Reacion of Sodalime uwtth inbalationa

aqent
SexoflSne react with soalme nd
Ganlme Can poduce compound A which
(s nephnooXc
FactoSt
lew. (louw(<aLmin)
Htah concent reton ol seuollorCne
Type o cbsorbent (Bantone sodalime)
Highex absotbent temperahyres.
Fesh bsodoend.

Amsorb: I í a new coa chsorbent

Calcium hydooide and calcium
Chsdde.
ütrism hroide ise amsor lthiuon =
based obsorbents. ao nct ohuce Companind.
ad Carbon monokide.
 ’FACORS AFECTING C
AesRPNON
Erehness at sodalne
Ttdal vclune o oaient Shoddbe eayal
ot less than ispace)
Hech ous (allouw less ine for Coa cosohan
Deat space ncresed dead Space in
nister ecres es he Coa absotan
Rosistance to colG
CHECHNG OF ANESTHESIA
ANESTHeSIA MACHINE

Hiqh pressure sHstem

Open oHAen CHlinder and
ensure thct it s at leask half foll
Pressure
Lauo pressre sstem:
Gnsue hot 9Ses are Houfng
qAses ao
SmocthlH in Kotenmeler.
’Machine shauld
sheolà not alo singuler ow
nitous oN de.

Test to ect Lers in Low Hou systemi

Positive pressuYe test
Open Aen ow qnd Gclsde
mcrhine autet II hore (s no leasthen
due to back prossure Ahe height ol Qoat
atbin) sholh op cund cod brnco bacle
numma after xolarsingoccusion
Neqathive pressure testi
of alllous nd attch a
Sucthicnaullb to nachine atet. leep sn
SaeezinGa thl, it callapses Complete
qeneratea negehve urecare in
machine

CHECE Fo eREATHING SISTEM 8

completenesc o al ctHachments.
hecie
of
lose eL valveand ocdode end
ciYcuit with inggs and lus
SHtem th Ox
Sanepresue iS naintaj
IE lopeng) sarne
Ror 2 10 seonds thnat means hoe is n
leace

QreSsre hat meanshere is no le ae)

APL Valves lotact.
detected by Sonp bble Souion

Fnal chee Sor uhoe syem

at he
3Lmin
Ond cod yenthlotian Bag shcald expand
and callogse Iice
 Checrcin he acurac of 0, cnclyer:
TtShcnhou)
CXir cnd o lewnen
to
uhen Qxposed
he sustem is
SSet clcrns linits, checic all montosS
cnd he vnklatsseing befare
eurtting he ase.

Antistatie ndsey hros (To prevent

CoKent flou)
Ro indeX Systero (To oreent wscng
inder laccnent)
Diameter index (To prevent uonA
" 1stnd stge presure elatoS.
Fall sofe
Safe valve
OxHAen Colure larms
Colos Co diny o flouo Conto knobs.
DiEfercnt physicad appeoance of Cnohs.
Oaen-nittous propozhioning devices
Huorescent back panel ol oameer.
OAqen aw meler hbe (aun strcam
Trielene lcc for cbsed circuit
rossure elie ole.
OxAen Qush Can deliver high loo i