CONTEMPORARY ARTS

VISUAL ELEMENTS OF ART

1. Line
2. Shape and Mass
3. Color
Properties of Color
 Hue
 Value
 Saturation
Color Schemes
 Monochromatic
 Analogous
 Complementary
 Split-Complementary
 Triadic
 Tetradic
4. Texture
5. Value
6. Space
7. Time and Motion

FORMS OF PAINTING

1. Easel Painting
2. Murals
3. Telon Painting
4. Jeepney and Calesa Painting
5. Collage

THEMES OF PAINTING

1. Genre Painting
2. Historical Painting
3. Interiors
4. Landscapes
5. Portraits
6. Nudes
7. Religious Painting
8. Still life

GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE

1. Free-standing
2. Relief
3. Assemblage
4. Kinetic Sculpture
5. Welded Sculptures
6. Use of glass
7. Symbolic Sculpture

OTHER FORMS OF VISUAL ART

1. Advertising art
2. Bamboo art
3. Basketry
4. Book design
5. Costumes
6. Embroidery
7. Food art
8. Furniture
9. Komiks and Editorial Cartoon
10. Leaf Art
11. Mat Weaving
12. Metal Craft
 Brass casting and blacksmithing
 Goldsmithing and silversmithing
 Tinsmithing
13. Multimedia
 Conceptual Art
 Installation Art
 Performance Art
14. Paper Art
15. Personal Ornaments
16. Photography
17. Pottery
 Earthenware or terracotta
 Stoneware
 Porcelain
18. Printmaking
19. Tattoo Art
20. Textile Weaving

FORMS OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECHTURE

Domestic Building and Houses
1. Apartment
2. Bahay na bato
3. Barong-barong
4. Bungalow

Ethnic Houses
1. Bahay Kubo
2. Houseboat
3. One-and-a-half story house
4. Split-level house
5. Tsalet

Commercial Buildings
1. Market (Palengke)
2. Buildings that are house banks, business office, factories

Government Buildings
1. Capitol (Kapitolyo)
2. Town hall (Munisipyo)

Public Buildings and Structures

1. School (Eskwelahan)
2. Kamalig
3. Masjid
4. Cemetery (Sementeryo)
5. Church (Simbahan)
6. Movie House (Sinehan)
7. Theatre (Teatro)

Other Forms and Structure

1. Fort (Kuta)
2. Lighthouse (Parola)
3. Bridge (Tulay)
Contemporary art emerged in the Philippines in reaction to social and cultural realities during the
1970’s which is an era of repression and censorship of artistic expressions.

 Contemporary art as a Breaking of Norms

 Contemporary art and Local Heritage

FUNCTIONS OF CONTEMPORARY ART

 Contemporary art for Pleasure
 Contemporary art as Profession
 Contemporary art as Commentary
 Contemporary art in Spirituality
 Contemporary art as Remembrance
 Contemporary art as Self-expression

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR VISUAL ARTS

 Fernando Amorsolo
 Carlos “Botong” Francisco
 Guillermo E. Tolentino
 Napoleon V. Abueva
 Victorio C. Edades
 Vicente Manansala
 Hernando R. Ocampo
 Cesar Legaspi
 Elizalde Navarro
 Ang Kiukok
 Benedicto Cabrera
 Abdulmari Asia Imao
 Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz
 Francisco Coching
 Jose T. Joya

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE

 Pablo S. Antonio
 Leandro V. Locsin
 Ildefonso P. Santos

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE

Historical Literature
 Carlos Quirino
Literature
 Francisco Arcellana
 N.V.M. Gonzales
 Nick Joaquin
 F. Sionil Jose
 Alejandro Roces
 Edith L. Tiempo
 Virgilio S. Almario
 Amado V. Hernandez
 Carlos P. Romulo
 Bienvenido Lumbera
 Cirilo F. Bautista
 Lazaro Francisco
 Jose Garcia Villa

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR DANCE, MUSIC, FILM AND THEATER

Cinema/film
 Lamberto V. Avellana
 Manuel Conde
 Eddie S. Romero
 Lino Brocka
 Gerardo de Leon
 Ishmael Bernal
 Ronald Alan K. Poe

Dance
 Francisca Reyes Aquino
 Leonor Orosa Goquingco
 Ramon Obusan
 Lucrecia Reyes - Urtula
 Alice Reyes

Music
 Antonino Buenaventura
 Ernani Cuenco
 Francisco Feliciano
 Jovita Fuentes
 Jose Maceda
 Lucio San Pedro
 Levi Celerio
 Felipe Padilla de Leon
 Lucrecia R. Kasilag
 Antonio J. Molina
 Ramon P. Santos
 Andrea Veneracion

Theater
 Daisy Avellana
 Honorata “Atang” dela Rama
 Salvador F. Bernal
 Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero
 Severino Montano

GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN (GAMABA)

 Eduardo Mutuc
 Darhata Sawabi
 Haja Amina Appi
 Lang Dulay
 Salinta Monon
 Alonzo Saclag
 Frederico Caballero
 Masino Intaray
 Samon Sulaiman
 Uwang Ahadas
 Ginaw Bilog
 Magdalena Gamayo

LITERATURE

Types and Elements of Literature

PROSE AND POETRY

Poetry - refers to expressing of feeling or idea with the use of figurative or symbolic language.
 Meaning. A writer can use idioms, new words, allusion, and connotations in expressing his
feelings or ideas. 
 Figurative language. A writer may use of simile, metaphor, and other figures of speech in
expressing something in a different way aside from its literal meaning. 
 Imagery. This consists of descriptions and details that can trigger the readers’ senses. 
 Sound and Rhythm. Sound is the emphasis on certain words while rhythm is the position of
beats or the sound pattern of

Prose is a literature that is not poetry with two categories: informative and persuasive, just like an
essay.
 Theme or content. This is the general thought or idea of the composition. 
 Style. This refers to the choices of words and sentence structures used to convey the message.
 Form and structure. This is the sequence of topic and transitions that make the whole essay. 
 Plot or story line. This is the sequence of events in the story that gives the flow of the narrative.
 Characters. This can be a person, an animal or even thing who takes part in the story.  Setting.
This is the time and place where the story happened. 
 Theme. This is the central thought of the story. 
 Language and style. Style is the choices of words which includes the sentence structures and
figurative language that affect the mood of the story. 
 Point of view. The narrator may present the author himself for the third-person point of view.
The narrator can also be one of the characters in the story for the first-person point of view.

Traditions and Forms Of Philippine Poetry

Ethnic Tradition 
 Epic. This relates adventures of a super hero with powers and serves as a code of values of a
particular ethnic group.
 Folk song. A song that is transmitted orally from one generation to another and known as
awiting bayan in Tagalog.
 Proverbs. A concise statements that teach morality and tradition and usually expressed as
rhyming pair of lines that depict two different elements.
 Riddles. This describes an object in a different manner or in a way that is not easily understood
and may be a question for someone to discover the meaning.
 Short poems. This usually has four lines, with 5-12 syllables per line.
 Poetic jousts. This may involve marriage negotiations between two families in which every
region has their own version.

Spanish Colonial Tradition 

 Metrical romance. This focuses on chivalric, folkloric, legendary, and religious themes. 
 Pasyon. This is written in a stanza with 5 lines with 8 syllables per line which recounts the life of
Jesus Christ. This is useful as a source of images, stories of Jesus Christ.

Forms of Contemporary Prose In The Philippines:

 Folk narrative. Any story based on real or fictional events in the past told among the people in a
community.
 Myth. This is a story that explains the origin of the world and its first inhabitants.
 Legend. Heroic and historical legend tackles episodes in the lives of great men and women.
Religious legend narrates display of miracles of God and of the saints. Supernatural legend
focuses on the existence of beings from the underworld. Toponymical legend explains why a
certain place has this name.
 Folktales. These are classified into animal tales or fables, magic tales, humorous tales, novelistic
tales, religious and didactic tales.
 Essay. This explains the insights or information using description, narration, and humor.
 Novel. This defined as the lengthy and complex narrative of events based on the author’s
imagination.
 Short story. This is a concise secular narrative with romantic, realistic and radical tradition. 
 Komiks. This is a special form of contemporary literature which involves drawing frames showing
a set of characters with their actions and usually contains a balloons enclosed with words or
dialogue.

MUSIC
It is an arrangement of sounds to create a continuous and unified composition.

Elements of Music:
 Melody. This is succession of consecutive notes or tones changing in pitch and duration. 
 Rhythm. It has three qualities: tempo which describes how fast or slow is the music; meter which
refers to the unit of time that is made up of beats or pulses; and rhythmic pattern.
 Harmony. This is a combination of different tones or pitches played sung together at the same
time.
 Texture. This is the relationship of melodic and harmonic lines in music.
 Dynamics. This is the degree of softness and loudness of music.
 Timbre. Also known as tone color which is the quality of sound generated by the instrument or
voice.
 Form. This refers to how the elements of music are organized.

Forms and Types Of Philippine Music:

Ethnic traditional music
 Ballad. A song that explains an event occurring in a community.
 Chant. A song with an unaccompanied melody and variable rhythm.
 Song debate. A song involving male and female singers who try to outsmart each other about a
certain topic.

European-influenced Religious and Secular music

 Art song. A composition characterized by merging the voice part, lyrics, and the accompaniment
together to achieve an artistic musical whole.
 Habanera/Danza. This is a social dance in duple time.
 Liturgical music. This is a vocal and instrumental compositions that go together with the official
rites of Christian churches.
 Kumintang. This is a dance of love accompanied by a guitar and a string bass and documented as
a war song.
 Pasyon chant. Refers to the various styles used throughout the country for the singing of the
pasyon.

American-inspired music
 Classical music. This music includes classical music from the western world; and classical and
modern music composed by Filipinos.
 Semi-classical music. These includes band and rondalla music, hymns and marches, sarswela
music, and stylized folk songs.
 Popular music. This includes original music composed by Filipinos which utilizes Western and
local musical influences .

DANCE
It is an art of involving a series a rhythmic human movements that are purposely selected and
involves a mindful effort to combine movements together.

Elements of Dance:
 Body element. This is how the body of the dancer moves, what part of the body moves, what
actions are performed, and how the body support itself.
 Space. This focuses on the area where the dance is performed.
 Time. This is the accent, beat, duration, meter, rhythm, and acceleration.
 Energy. This is referred to as dynamics. This element describes how energy is directed through
the body, and how the body releases it.
 Relationship. This is how the person relates to the stage and to production elements.
Forms and types of dances in the Philippines:
 Folk dance. This is a dance that are developed and performed together by ordinary people. This
includes ceremonial, combative, courtship, exorcism, funeral, game, torture, comic, and religious
dances.
 Ballet. This is a theatrical dance presentation in which a plot is integrated with dancing, music,
and stage design.
 Modern dance. A dance form that emerged during the 20 th century and still considered
theatrical but it veers away from the technique and style of ballet.
 Other forms of dance
 Aerobic dance. Dancing to the tune of popular music with the purpose of increasing
consumption of oxygen over a period of time.
 Bodabil dancing. This is used to be popular during the American period. o Jazz dance. This
uses African dance techniques like isolation of individual human body parts, rhythm, and
polycentrism.
 Polynesian and Tahitian dance. These dances began from the people living in the Polynesian
chain.
 Tap dance. A dance which entails tapping with toes and heels to generate rhythmic
patterns.

THEATER
It is an art form that involves performing carefully planned actions and emotions in front of an
audience. Philippine theater is described as a wide range of mimetic performances that were created
and presented during occasions.

Elements of theater:
 Performers. These are the persons who are on stage and portray their characters for the
audience.
 Audience. They serves as the witness of the performance and energy given by the performers.
 Director. Serves as an overseer to the entire production and ensures that the performers do
their job well and the design works well.
 Performance space. This refer to the space in which the actors can perform and space for the
audience to stand.
 Design. This is essential in placing the overall feel of the production which includes lighting, set,
costumes, and sound.
 Text. This is the script to be presented in a play or production.

Form and types of Philippine theater:

 Dulang Pahiyang. Theater is not viewed as a separate activity, but as part of life.
 Dulambayan. Also known as people’s theater and considered “theater in the context of social
movements”
 Teatrong Pansimbahan. This is concerned with spirituality and usually performed depending on
the events in the church calendar.

FILM
This refers to a sequence of moving pictures shown on television or in cinema. Film making became
an industry in the Philippines during the 1950’s.

Elements of Film:
 Time. This is considered as the most significant element of cinema.
 Techniques of cinema.
 Cutting or editing. Involves one shot with another, making sure that these two shot are
connected.
 Camera movement. This is done in order to have a smoother change of view.
 Framing. This helps bringing balance to the film as it is being viewed.

Forms and types of Film:

 Aksyon (Action). This uses conflict as emphasis based on real-life stories or actual experiences of
persons and based from the tradition of metrical romance or literary komedya.
 Animation. A film that involves creating illustrations or inanimate images and bringing them to
life.
 Bomba. A film that depicts nudity and sex but is different from X-rated pornography.
 Dokyu (documentary). This is a motion picture that narrates news events or explain other
subject matter based on facts.
 Drama. This is a motion picture that dwells on personal problems and conflicts which draws
sentiment and emotion.
 Experimental. This attempts to create something innovative or that is never done before with
the camera.
 Fantasy. This depicts scenes in an imaginary world.
 Historical. This shows actual events that occurred in the past.
 Horror. This is shown to bring fear to the audience.
 Komedi (Comedy). This is to introduce or bring laughter to the audience.
NEW ELEMENTS OR PRINCIPLES OF CONTEMPORARY ARTS
1. Appropriation
2. Performance
3. Space
4. Hybridity
5. Technology