Theory of Machines and Mechanisms (PDFDrive)
Theory of Machines and Mechanisms (PDFDrive)
Theory of Machines and Mechanisms (PDFDrive)
Week 1-2-3
Introduction
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Control Systems
System: Block Diagram Description of
• An interconnection of elements and System
devices for some functional task.
Input Output
Examples: System
name
Element/components in
Heater.(Class Discussion)
Heater -Casing
-Heating spring
-Reflector sheet
-Power cord
Block Diagram of Heater.
-End caps
Each component has its
function related properties. Heater
Electric Heat
Energy Energy
System:
• An interconnection of elements and devices for a desired purpose.
-Class Discussion
Bicycle
Force Speed
System:
• An interconnection of elements and devices for a desired purpose.
-Class Discussion
Motor
Electric
13 Torque
Energy
Energy
(Energy to Desired Variable)
Force Speed Mech energy to speed.
By applying torque Bicycle
Bicycle it travels distance. Mech
Energy
(Energy to Desired Variable)
Voltage Heat Flux
By applying voltage Mech energy to heat energy
Heater Heater
it produces heat. Electric Heat ( One form of Energy to another
Energy Energy form of Energy)
Voltage Torque Electrical energy to mech energy
By applying voltage Motor
Motor it produces torque. Electric Mech ( One form of Energy to another
Energy Energy form of Energy)
Wind flow will Wind Flow Torque Alpha/Numeric data to Alpha/numeric data
Wind
Windmill develop the rotation
Wind mill Mech ( One form of information to another
of propellor form of information)
Energy Energy
Energy Source
Intention /Heat Energy
Energy Source
/Electrical Energy
Intention
Desired Electrical Heat Actual
Temp Controller Signal Actuator Energy Process/Plant Temperature
Switch/Dim Heater Oven/Furnace
mer
Energy Source
/Electrical Energy
Intention
Desired Electrical Mech Actual
Airflow Controller Signal Actuator Energy Process/Plant Airflow
Switch/Dim Motor Fan Blades
mer
Energy Source
Intention /Electrical Energy
Desired Actual
Waterflow Electrical Mech Waterflow
Controller Signal Actuator Energy Process/Plant
Switch/Dim Motor Pump
mer
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Week2
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SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM of BICYCLE
Energy Source
Intention /Heat Energy
Energy Source
/Fuel/Heat Energy
Intention
Desired Mechanical Mech Actual
Speed Controller Signal Actuator Energy Process/Plant Speed
An interconnection of systems (controller, actuator and process/plant) that will provide a desired
system response is known as CONTROL SYSTEM.
An open loop control system utilizes an actuating device to control the process directly
without using feedback.
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Speed Control System of Motorbike
Rider intends to maintain the speed of 60km/h.
Energy Source
/Fuel/Heat Energy
Intention
Sensor/Transducer
Speedometer/
Feedback signal Rider vision
Of Energy
Raw form
Manipulated
Manipulated
Reference
Energy
signal
signal
signal
Error
Controlled
Controller Actuator Process/Plant Variable
Of Energy
Raw form
Manipulated
Manipulated
Reference
Energy
signal
signal
signal
Error
Controlled
Controller Actuator Process/Plant Variable
+
-
Feedback Measurement
signal
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Understand the function of over as a Control
System and Draw its complete Block Diagram
Of Energy
Raw form
Manipulated
Manipulated
Reference
Energy
signal
signal
signal
Error
Controlled
Controller Actuator Process/Plant Variable
+
-
Feedback Measurement
signal
Room Temperature Control System
(Cognitive Level: Understand)
Electrical
Energy
Error signal
Heat Flow
Reference
signal/command Controller Actuator Process/Plant Controlled Variable
On/Off Air
+ Conditioner Room
Desired Temp Switch Actual Temp
-
Of Energy
Raw form
Manipulated
Manipulated
Reference
Energy
signal
signal
signal
Error
Controlled
Controller Actuator Process/Plant Variable
+
-
Feedback Measurement
signal
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Understand this task as
a Control System and
Draw its complete Block
Diagram
Of Energy
Raw form
Manipulated
Manipulated
Reference
Energy
signal
signal
signal
Error
Controlled
Controller Actuator Process/Plant Variable
+
-
Feedback Measurement
signal
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Understand this task
as a Control System
and Draw its
complete Block
Diagram
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Understand this task
as a Control System
and Draw its
complete Block
Diagram
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Exercises:
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Reference
signal
+
-
Error
signal
signal
Feedback
Controller
Manipulated
signal
Raw form
Of Energy
Measurement
Actuator
Manipulated
Energy
Process/Plant
Variable
Controlled
Airplane
Cruise Control System
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Book: Modern Control Systems (R.C.Dorf, Global Edition)
Course Contents:
Article 1.1: Introduction
Article 1.2: History of Control Systems
Article 1.3: Examples of Control Systems
Example 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9,
Article 1.4: Engineering Design
Article 1.7: Green Engineering
Skill Check
Exercises: E1.1, E1.2, E1.9, E1.13, E1.15
Problems: P1.2, P1.3, P1.10, P1.11, P1.16, P1.20
Advanced Problems: AP1.1, AP1.6, AP1.7
Design Problems: DP1.9, DP1.10
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End of Lecture
Jaza k Allah
Question and Answer
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