Animal Diversity 7th Edition Hickman Test Bank

Animal Diversity 7th Edition Hickman Test Bank
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Chapter 06 - Sponges: Phylum Porifera
Chapter 06
Sponges: Phylum Porifera
True / False Questions
1. Many of the more complex groups of animals are the evolutionary descendants of sponges.
FALSE
2. Almost all sponges are marine animals.

TRUE
3. The asconoid sponges have the simplest type of canal system.

TRUE
4. The leuconoid body type makes possible large body size in sponges.
TRUE
5. Lophocytes are ameboid cells that can differentiate into all other cell types.
FALSE
6. Gemmules are an adaptation of freshwater sponges to withstand adverse environmental

conditions.
TRUE
7. The majority of sponges are colonial, and most are of the leuconoid body type.
TRUE
6-1
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Multiple Choice Questions
8. The cells of a sponge that are responsible for water flow and capture of some particles are
the
A. myocytes.
B. archaeocytes.
C. choanocytes.
D. pinacocytes.
9. The structural protein found in sponges is

A. spongin.
B. actin.
C. gorgonin.
D. spiculin.
10. Reproduction in sponges can be

A. asexual by budding.
B. asexual by gemmules.
C. sexual.
D. all of these
11. The demosponges

A. constitute only a small number of species.
B. include the freshwater sponges.
C. have the asconoid-type canal system.
D. are referred to as chalk sponges.
12. The analogous equivalent of "connective tissue" in sponges is the

A. pinacocyte.
B. porocyte.
C. spongocoel.
D. mesohyl.
6-2
13. In sponges, respiration and excretion of various molecules is accomplished by

A. diffusion.
B. active transport.
C. tracheoles.
D. choanocytes.
14. Multicellularity leads to larger body size because

A. most metabolic exchanges occur within the cell.
B. building a mass with smaller units decreases the surface area for metabolic activities.
C. it is possible to maintain a workable surface-to-mass ratio by increasing the size of a single
cell.
D. none of the above
15. The adaptive radiation of sponges is mainly due to:

A. an increase in body size
B. cell differentiation for various functions
C. a unique water current system
D. none of the above
Fill in the Blank Questions
16. The minute, needle-like structures that act as a skeletal support system in sponges are
called _____________.
spicules
17. The water outlets in sponges are known as ____________.

oscula
18. The flagellated cells embedded in the mesoglea of a sponge are called ______________.
choanocytes
6-3
19. The simplest body plan of sponges is _____________, and the plan characterized by
flagellated canals is _______________.
asconoid; syconoid
20. The most complex body organization, and the one that makes largest size possible, is
known as ______________.
leuconoid
21. Thin, epithelial-type cells covering the outer surface of sponges are the
_______________.
pinacocytes
22. Cells that can differentiate into any other type of cell in sponges are the
________________.
archaeocytes
23. Phagocytosis of tiny particles in sponges is carried out by the _______________.

archaeocytes and choanocytes
24. All digestion in sponges is intracellular and is carried out by the __________________.
archaeocytes
25. Internal buds of some species of freshwater sponges that can withstand adverse conditions
are _____________________.
gemmules
26. Members of the class _____________ are named glass sponges, found in deep sea areas.
Hexactinellida
6-4
27. Sponge species may be identified by taxonomists by the shape of their

________________.
spicules
28. The sponges that have been historically used in bathing belong to class
_________________.
Demospongiae
29. Recent research indicates that the sponges and the eumetazoans are ________________
groups.
sister
6-5
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True / False Questions

2. Almost all sponges are marine animals.

3. The asconoid sponges have the simplest type of canal system.

6. Gemmules are an adaptation of freshwater sponges to withstand adverse environmental

Multiple Choice Questions

9. The structural protein found in sponges is

10. Reproduction in sponges can be

11. The demosponges

12. The analogous equivalent of "connective tissue" in sponges is the

13. In sponges, respiration and excretion of various molecules is accomplished by

14. Multicellularity leads to larger body size because

15. The adaptive radiation of sponges is mainly due to:

Fill in the Blank Questions

17. The water outlets in sponges are known as ____________.

23. Phagocytosis of tiny particles in sponges is carried out by the _______________.

Chapter 06 - Sponges: Phylum Porifera

27. Sponge species may be identified by taxonomists by the shape of their

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