Quick Quiz: On Your Answer Sheet, Write in or Circle The Correct Letter For Each Question
Quick Quiz: On Your Answer Sheet, Write in or Circle The Correct Letter For Each Question
Quick Quiz: On Your Answer Sheet, Write in or Circle The Correct Letter For Each Question
7
A On your answer sheet, write in or circle the correct letter for each question.
Z
coverslip
Y
7
3 A root hair cell is adapted to its job 7Ae A
because the root hair:
1 On the diagram the part labelled with the
A is hook-shaped to hold the plant in the
letter ‘A’ is the:
ground.
B gives the cell a large surface area to
help it absorb water. A
C has many chloroplasts to help it make
food.
D can move to help the plant move from
place to place.
4 Cell division is:
A when a cell dies.
B when a cell splits in two.
C when a cell gets larger.
D a difficult sum.
A style. B ovary.
7Ad C stigma. D anther.
1 An organ system is: 2 Pollination is:
A a collection of organs working together A the carrying of pollen from an anther
to do an important job. to a stigma.
B a collection of tissues that do the B when two sex cells join together.
same job. C when an insect eats pollen.
C a collection of organs that help us D when harmful substances enter
breathe. the air.
D a way of counting the number of 3 Fertilisation is:
organs in the body.
A the carrying of pollen from an anther
2 The heart contains: to a stigma.
A muscle, fat and nerve tissues. B when two sex cells join together.
B only muscle tissue. C when an insect eats pollen.
C muscle and bone tissues. D when a seed starts to grow.
D muscle, nerve and palisade tissues. 4 In the diagram, the part labelled ‘B’ is:
3 Which organ system carries messages
around the body?
B
A digestive system
B breathing system
C circulatory system
D nervous system
4 The gullet is part of the:
A digestive system.
B breathing system.
C circulatory system. A an ovary. B an anther.
D nervous system. C a xylem tube. D a pollen tube.
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7A Target Sheet
7 Name Class
A
Topic Targets Before the unit I have learned this I have revised this
7Aa 1 Know what an organ is.
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7A Word Sheets
7
Word sheets that include new words from the ‘Focus on:’ pages are available on the A
Exploring Science website.
Page 1 of 3
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7A Word Sheets (continued)
7
A
7Ab – On the slide/Building a life
Word Pronunciation Meaning
cell sell The basic unit which living things are made of.
cell surface membrane mem-brain Controls what goes into and out of a cell.
cell wall Tough wall around plant cells. Helps to support the cell.
chlorophyll klor-O-fill Green substance found inside chloroplasts.
chloroplast klor-O-plast Green disc containing chlorophyll. Found in plant cells. Where the plant makes food
using photosynthesis.
coverslip Thin piece of glass used to hold a specimen in place on a slide.
cytoplasm site-O-plaz-m Jelly inside a cell where the cell’s activities happen.
magnification mag-nif-ick-ay-shun How much bigger a microscope makes something appear.
microscope my-crow-scope Used to magnify small things.
nucleus new-clee-us Controls what a cell does.
photosynthesis foto-sinth-e-sis Process that plants use to make their own food. It needs light to work. Carbon dioxide
and water are used up. Food and oxygen are produced.
slide Glass sheet that a specimen is put on.
specimen spess-im-men What you look at down a microscope.
stain Dye used to colour parts of a cell to make them easier to see.
vacuole vack-you-oll Storage space in plant cells.
Page 2 of 3
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7A Word Sheets (continued)
7
A
7Ad – All systems go/Cell division
Word Pronunciation Meaning
breathing system bree-thing Takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide from our bodies.
cell division When a cell splits in two. Cells are made using cell division.
circulatory system serk-you-late-or-ee Carries oxygen and food around the body.
daughter cell The two new cells made by cell division are called daughter cells.
digestive system die-jest-iv Breaks down our food.
nervous system nerve-us Carries messages around the body.
organ system Collection of organs working together to do a very important job.
Page 3 of 3
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7A End of Unit Test
7
A Name Class
[3 marks]
2 Complete the following sentence:
[1 mark]
4 a What is a tissue?
[2 marks]
Page 1 of 3
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7A End of Unit Test (continued)
7
5 Label the organs on the human body. A
[2 marks]
6 Which organ system are the lungs a part of?
[1 mark]
7 Give the names of two organs that are part of the digestive system.
i ii
[2 marks]
8 a What does the heart do?
b Which organ system is the heart in?
[2 marks]
9 Complete the sentences using some of these words:
pollination fertilisation seed dispersal germination
a An insect carrying pollen from an anther to a stigma is an example
of .
b A male sex cell joining with a female sex cell is called .
[1 mark]
10 Number the following sentences in the order that they happen.
Male sex cell joins with female sex cell.
Pollen tube grows down the style.
Pollen lands on the stigma.
Part of the flower swells to form a fruit.
[2 marks]
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7A End of Unit Test (continued)
7
A 11 Label the parts of this slide being made.
[2 marks]
12 a Label the parts of this cell.
[3 marks]
b Choose one of the parts you have labelled and explain what it does.
[1 mark]
13 Explain what job a root hair cell does and how it is adapted to do its job.
[2 marks]
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7A Mark schemes
7
A
Quick Quiz Matching End of Unit Test marks to NC levels
Question Answers Marks Level Marks Cumulative Suggested
Topic 1 2 3 4 available total threshold for
7Aa B B A A 4 achieving level
7Ab C C C A 4 4 5 5 3
7Ac D C B B 4 5 8 13 9
7Ad A A D A 4 6 9 22 17
7Ae C A B D 4 7 3 25 24
Nucleus. This is the ‘control Chloroplasts. These are green discs that allow
centre’ of the cell. It tells the the plant to make food (by photosynthesis).
cell what to do. They contain a chemical called chlorophyll.
A microscope makes things appear bigger. It magnifies things. There are two lenses
in a microscope. To work out the total magnification you multiply the magnification
of the objective lens by the magnification of the eyepiece lens.
The object you want to look at using a microscope is called the specimen. It has to be
thin to let light get through it. It is placed, with a drop of water, onto a slide.
A coverslip is put on top. The coverslip stops the specimen from drying out, holds it
flat and stops it moving. A stain might be used to help you see parts of the cell.
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7A Summary Sheets (continued)
7
A Some cells have special shapes. They are adapted to do certain jobs.
Root hair cells in plant roots take water Palisade cells in plant leaves are packed with
out of the ground quickly. The root hair gives chloroplasts to help the plant make food.
the water more surface to get into the cell.
A group of cells that are the same, all doing the same job, is called a tissue
(e.g. muscle tissue). A group of different tissues working together to do an important
job makes an organ. For example the heart is an organ and is made of muscle tissue
and nerve tissue.
Brain
controls the body.
Skin
for protection
Stem
and feeling.
Heart carries substances
pumps blood. (such as water)
around the plant
and holds the
Lungs leaves in place.
for breathing.
Leaf
Stomach makes food by
stores and the process of
Liver photosynthesis.
breaks up food.
makes and
destroys Kidneys Root
substances. clean the blood takes water out
and make urine. of the soil and
Large instestine holds the plant
removes Small intestine in the ground.
water from digests and
unwanted food. absorbs food.
Page 2 of 3
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7A Summary Sheets (continued)
7
Organs often work together in organ systems. A
Some important organ systems:
Sex cells are produced by the reproductive organs. In plants, these are contained
inside flowers. Sex cells are used for sexual reproduction which needs two parents.
The offspring from sexual reproduction are different from the parents; they are new
varieties.
stigma
Carpel: Anther:
style
this is the female the anther makes pollen grains, Stamen:
ovary the male sex cells.
reproductive organ. this is the male
ovule reproductive organ.
Each ovule contains an egg cell, filament
the female sex cell.
The pollen grains need to be carried to the stigma of another flower. They can be
carried by insects or the wind. The carrying of pollen from an anther to a stigma is
called pollination.
egg cell
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7Aa/1 Human body
7
A Name Class
a
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7Aa/2 Human organs
7
A
a
STICK DOWN
1 5 THIS TAB ONLY
STICK DOWN
THIS TAB ONLY
7
4
STICK DOWN
THIS TAB ONLY
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7Aa/3 Organs crossword
7
A Name Class
a
? Using the clues below, fill in the correct words on the crossword grid.
1 2
3 4 5
7 8
10
11
Across Down
1 The organ that controls our bodies. 2 Digestion happens in these.
3 This organ stores, churns up and 4 Different tissues group together to
starts to break down our food. form an _______.
7 It makes food for a plant. 5 It pumps the blood.
8 These hold a plant in place. 6 A colourful part of a plant.
9 This organ makes new substances 7 These take air into your body
for the body.
10 This part of a plant transports
water to the leaves.
11 These clean the blood.
S knowledge, literacy
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7Aa/4 The microscope
7
Name Class A
a
eyepiece lens
focusing wheel
mirror
objective lens
slide
stage
3 Here are some instructions on using a microscope. Put the number ‘1’ next
to the instruction you should do first. Put the number ‘2’ next to the
instruction you should do next and so on.
S literacy, knowledge
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7Aa/5 Where the
7
organs are
A Name Class
a
3 Select two of the human organs and explain what they do.
a
b
4 Select two of the plant organs and explain what they do.
a
b
S knowledge, literacy
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7Aa/6 Organ transplants
7
Our organs are very important. If an organ goes wrong it usually leads to an illness A
and sometimes death. However, people’s lives can be saved by giving them an organ a
transplant. This involves taking an organ quickly from a dead person and putting it
into a person who needs it.
Many people carry a ‘Donor Card’. This card gives doctors permission to remove
organs from a person when they die. The organs can then be given to people who
need them. Many lives have been saved in this way but the number of organs needed
is much greater than the number available.
Kidney transplants are the most successful. Their job is to clean the blood and remove
poisonous substances. Luckily, we all have two kidneys and people can survive with
only one. However, if both go wrong then a transplant is needed. People who are
waiting for kidney transplants are kept alive by regularly having their blood cleaned
by a dialysis machine.
Other organs that can be transplanted are the heart, liver and lungs. The world’s first
heart transplant was carried out in South Africa in 1967 by Dr Christiaan Barnard.
Unfortunately, the man who received the new heart died 18 days later. This happened
because the man’s body attacked the new heart and stopped it working. The new
heart was rejected.
Rejection is a big problem in organ transplants. White cells in the blood patrol our
bodies searching for and attacking things that are not made by our own bodies. This is
normally useful, since our bodies get rid of many diseases in this way. However, the
white cells will also ‘see’ that a new organ has been made somewhere else and attack it.
Today, many new drugs have been developed to stop the white cells doing this. This
means that people who have had transplants can look forward to many years of life.
S knowledge, literacy
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7Ab/1 Cell fact file
7
A Name Class
b
1 a Are these plant or animal cells?
d Magnification
e Stain used (if any)
2 Use this circle to make a drawing of one or two of the cells and add labels.
S observing, presenting
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7Ab/2 It’s stained!
7
Name Class A
b
In this experiment you will be trying out different stains on some cells.
1 Use the table below to record your observations about the stains you have used.
You need to think which parts of the cell each stain worked on best.
Type of cell
Stain used
Type of cell
Stain used
Type of cell
Stain used
S observing, considering
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7Ab/3 Building
7
animal cells
A 1 Cut out the outline of the animal cell and the different parts.
b Stick the parts into the correct places on the outline.
Stick the outline into your book.
2 Label the cytoplasm, cell surface membrane and nucleus.
1 Animal cell
STICK
TAB
HERE
3
2
S knowledge
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7Ab/4 Building plant cells
7
1 Cut out the outline of the plant cell and the different parts. A
Stick the parts into the correct places on the outline. b
Stick the outline into your book.
2 Label the cytoplasm, cell surface membrane, nucleus, cell
wall, vacuole and a chloroplast.
1 Plant cell
STICK
TAB
HERE
3
2
S knowledge
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7Ab/5 Slide making
7
A Name Class
b
2 From the next set of sentences, circle the three that are
the reasons we use a coverslip.
a To flatten the specimen.
b To stain the specimen.
c To magnify the specimen.
d To hold the specimen in place.
e To stop the specimen drying out.
f To heat up the specimen.
S knowledge, literacy
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7Ab/6 Slides and
microscopes 7
Name Class A
b
Down
1 We should lower a coverslip using 4 A microscope has two of these.
a mounted . 5 All living things are made of these.
2 What we look at using a 7 Part of a theatre and part of a
microscope. microscope.
2 From the crossword, write down the letters in the shaded squares. Now
rearrange these letters to make a word. The word is something that all
plant cells have.
The word is .
3 Look at the diagram below. It shows somebody
making a slide. Label the parts on the diagram coverslip
using the words in the box. mounted needle
pipette
slide
specimen
S knowledge, literacy
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7Ab/7 Plant and animal
7
cells
A Name Class
b
? 1 Draw lines from the words to the correct part of each cell.
The words can be used more than once or not at all.
cell surface
membrane
cell wall
chloroplasts
cytoplasm
nucleus
vacuole
This is a diagram of an cell This is a diagram of a cell
S literacy, knowledge
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7Ab/8 Cells and
microscopes 7
Name Class A
b
? 1 Work out what the missing words are in the clues below.
Fill in the words on the grid.
a The cell surface controls what goes in and out of a cell.
b When you see a specimen clearly down a microscope, it is in .
c The lens is closest to the stage.
d A specimen is placed on a glass .
e The has a hole in it to let light through.
f The is found in plant cells. It is used for storing things.
g The is found in both plant and animal cells. It is like jelly.
a
2 The letters in the shaded part of the grid spell out a word.
a What is the word?
b What is the job of this part of a cell?
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7Ab/9 Spot the mistake
7
A Look carefully at the pictures below showing some pupils making slides
b and using microscopes. Explain what each pupil is doing wrong.
d e
S knowledge
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7Ab/10 In the cells
7
A
? 1 Each of the following sentences has at least one
mistake in it. Rewrite each, correcting the mistakes.
b
a The vacuole contains a substance called
cytoplasm.
b Animal cells have a cell wall, a nucleus and
cytoclasm.
c Chloroform is a green substance found in
chloroplasts.
d Microscopes have two lenses, the eye lens and
the abject lens.
e The magnification of a microscope is worked out
by adding the magnifying power of the two
lenses together.
2 You are given a microscope which has three
objective lenses: ¥10, ¥20 and ¥40. The microscope
has two eyepiece lenses: ¥5 and ¥7.5. Make a table
like the one below to show all the possible
magnifications you could get.
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7Ab/11 Inside cells
7
A The microscope was invented in about 1590 by a Dutch spectacles maker called
b Zacharias Janssen. Since that time the microscope has helped scientists to discover
what plants and animals are made up of and how cells work. A light microscope, like
the ones most often used, can magnify things up to about ¥1500. Electron
microscopes can magnify things up to about ¥1 500 000.
Using electron microscopes, scientists have been able to see what cytoplasm is made
up of. It’s not just jelly! It contains lots of very small parts called organelles. One of
these organelles is the mitochondrion. Respiration happens inside the mitochondria.
Other organelles are used to make new chemicals.
To measure the sizes of very small things, scientists have to use units that are smaller
than millimetres. A micrometre (written ‘mm’) is 1/1000th of a millimetre; that is
1 mm = 0.001 mm. Animal cells are generally between 10 and 30 mm wide and plant
cells are between 10 and 100 mm.
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7Ac/1 Special animal cells
7
Name Class A
c
? 1 Fill in the missing words in the sentences below. Use the words
in the box. Each word can be used more than once.
adapted
move
a Some cells have special jobs to do. They often have special
shapes to help them do their job. We say that these cells muscle
are to do their jobs. tissue
b A group of the same type of cells, all working together, is
called a .
c A group of muscle cells all grouped together is called
. Muscle cells
help us to .
S literacy, knowledge
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7Ac/2 Special plant cells
7
A Name Class
c
D A
4 Here is a root hair cell.
a Which part of the cell
helps it do its job? B
Circle the correct letter.
C E
S literacy, knowledge
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7Ac/3 Special cells
7
A
? 1 Here are some drawings of cells which are
adapted to do special jobs. Write the name of
ciliated epithelial c
each cell in your book. Use some of the words cytoplasm
in the box.
muscle nerve
nucleus palisade
root hair xylem
A B
C D
2 Of the drawings above, which ones are plant and which ones are animal cells?
3 a What is meant by the word adapted?
b Explain how the shape of the root hair cell is adapted to help it do its job.
4 Here is a picture of a nerve cell (neurone).
S literacy, knowledge
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7Ac/4 Cell theory
7
A Although Robert Hooke had discovered ‘cells’ in 1665, he did not understand the
c importance of his discovery. At that time, scientists knew that organisms were made
of tissues and organs but they thought that these were not living. It was believed that
only a whole organism was living, and that the parts that made it were not!
By the end of the eighteenth century, microscopes had improved so much that
scientists were able to see cells in plants. Plant cells were much easier to see than
animal cells because of their thick cell walls. Cell surface membranes, separating
individual animal cells, were too thin to be seen. Microscopes continued to become
more powerful and, in 1831, Robert Brown discovered a small, dark structure in each
plant cell which he called a nucleus (after the Latin for ‘small nut’, which is what he
thought it looked like).
In 1838 the importance of cells became clearer, when Mattias Schleiden came to the
conclusion that all plants were made of cells. The next year another scientist, Theodor
Schwann, discovered that all animals were also made from cells and that all living
things started from one cell. However, he thought that new plant cells sprouted off
from other cells. It was not until 1875 that Walther Fleming disproved this idea and
discovered how cell division occurs, with a cell splitting into two, down the middle.
Walther Fleming also developed the idea of staining cells so that he could see them
better.
This century, scientists have discovered a great deal about cells and how they work,
using the electron microscope which can see things in much more detail ever before.
S literacy, knowledge
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7Ad/1 Organ systems
7
Name Class A
d
S knowledge, literacy
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7Ad/2 Organ systems
7
wordsearch
A Name Class
d
You will need three different coloured pens. Fill in the colours here
The words may be in any direction (even diagonally, but not backwards).
Once you have found a word, draw a line through it using the correct colour.
I N T E S T I N E S
H E A R T D S F G H
K L I U O Y M W G G
H T U O M G O I J U
G H L J A H U N J L
F B U H C J T D A L
B B N A H A H P H E
Z X G J H L I I V T
V E S S E L S P O T
F G O M L I V E R S
S literacy
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7Ad/3 Cells, tissues,
organs and systems 7
Name Class A
d
S knowledge
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7Ad/4 Tissue matching
7
A Name Class
d
2 In the space below, copy the pictures of the root hair cell and
the muscle cell. Make your drawings twice the size of the ones
in the table. Label their parts.
S knowledge, numeracy
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7Ad/5 Matching organs
7
Name Class A
d
? 1 Find out what the excretory system is. Write down a couple of sentences
about it.
2 On the line beneath each organ, write its name. Then draw a line from each
organ to the organ system(s) it belongs in.
S knowledge, research
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7Ae/1 Flower dissection 1
7
A Name Class
e
Flowers contain the male and female reproductive organs of plants.
Using tweezers, carefully take off the petals from one side of the flower so
that you can see the male and female reproductive organs. Your flower may
look similar to the one below.
A petal from the flower – stick in or draw The flower looks like this – draw a picture
the shape of one petal in this box. showing the flower with half the petals
taken off.
Now take off one stamen and remove the carpel. Stick them or draw them in the
boxes. Label their parts if you can.
The stamen looks like this. The carpel looks like this.
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7Ae/2 Flower dissection 2
7
Flowers are organ systems which contain the male and female reproductive organs of A
plants. e
1 Look carefully at your flower. What plant is it from?
2 What are reproductive organs used for?
3 How many petals are there on your flower?
4 What colour are the petals?
Using tweezers, carefully take off the petals from one side of the flower so that you
can see the male and female reproductive organs.
Optional extra
Ask your teacher to cut the ovary in half. Examine the inside of the ovary with a
hand lens. Can you see the ovules?
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7Ae/3 Growing pollen
7
tubes 1
A Name Class
e
Which strength of sugar solution is best for growing pollen tubes?
P Apparatus
● Cavity slides ● Sugar solutions
● Coverslips ● Pipette
● Pollen ● Paintbrush
● Mounted needle ● Some stain
● Microscope
Method
Prediction
Write down which sugar solution you think will be best for growing pollen tubes.
Page 1 of 2
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7Ae/3 Growing pollen tubes 1 (continued)
7
Recording your results A
Draw a picture of a pollen grain at the start of your experiment. Draw pictures to e
show what your pollen grains looked like after 30 minutes.
The drawing shows a pollen grain from a The picture shows the pollen grain after 30 The picture shows the pollen grain after 30
flower minutes in a sugar solution of strength minutes in a sugar solution of strength
at the start of the experiment. . .
Count 20 pollen grains in each type of sugar solution. Write down how many have
grown tubes:
Why is it a good idea to count only 20 pollen grains and not all of them?
Use your results to predict what would happen if you used water instead of a
sugar solution.
P Apparatus
● Cavity slides ● Sugar solutions
● Coverslips ● Pipette
● Pollen ● Paintbrush
● Mounted needle ● Some stain
● Microscope
Method
1 Choose which strengths of sugar solution you are going to use.
2 Place a drop of sugar solution onto a slide.
3 Using a mounted needle or paintbrush, take some pollen and place it in the
sugar solution.
4 Carefully lower a coverslip onto the pollen.
5 Do steps 1–4 again, for each different strength of sugar solution.
6 Look carefully at both slides using a microscope.
7 Leave the slides in a warm place and look at them after 30 minutes.
8 Think how you are going to measure the effect of the sugar solution. You
could try to find a way of measuring the lengths of the pollen tubes. Or you
could take a sample of 20 pollen grains in each type of sugar solution and
count how many have grown tubes.
1 Write down the name of the flower that your pollen came from.
2 Write down what you did.
Prediction
3 Make a prediction. Write down what you think will happen.
Page 1 of 2
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7Ae/4 Growing pollen tubes 2 (continued)
7
Recording your results A
4 Make drawings to show what the pollen grains looked like at the start of the
e
experiment and what they looked like when pollen tubes were growing.
5 Draw a table of your results. You should include the strengths of sugar solutions
that you used. Also include the lengths of the tubes or the number that grew
tubes in your sample of 20.
6 Use the data in your table to draw a bar chart.
Evaluation
10 How might you improve this practical?
Page 2 of 2
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7Ae/5 Inside a flower
7
A
e ? The drawings below show parts of a flower.
1 Cut out the outline of the flower and the different parts. Stick the other parts
in the correct place on the basic shape of the flower. Stick the outline into
your book.
2 Label as many of the parts as you can.
3 Colour in the female part of the flower.
4 One of the parts is labelled ‘sepal’. Try to find out what it does and
write this down.
Parts of a flower
✄
Sepal. The Sepal
Stick
flap
here
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7Ae/6 Pollination and
fertilisation 7
A
? 1 Look at the pictures below. Write numbers on the lines above each picture
to show the correct order in which pollination and fertilisation happen.
e
2 Draw lines from the ‘label boxes’ above to indicate what each picture shows.
3 On the diagrams label each of the following parts once.
egg cell fruit ovary pollen grain
pollen tube seed stigma style
S knowledge, literacy
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7Ae/7 Looking at flowers
7
A Name Class
e
cut
a Draw a picture of what you think the flower would look like inside.
b Label these parts on your drawing: anther, carpel, filament, ovary,
petal, stamen, stigma, style.
4 Many flowers have sepals. Find out what sepals are for and write this down.
Exploring Science for QCA Copymaster File 7 66 © Pearson Education Limited 2002
7Ae/8 Plant fertilisation
7
Name Class A
e
a Complete the drawing to show where the pollen tube will end up.
b Label the parts of the diagram. Use the words in the box.
egg cell ovary ovule pollen grain pollen tube stigma style
S literacy, knowledge
Exploring Science for QCA Copymaster File 7 67 © Pearson Education Limited 2002
7Ae/9 Variety
7
A Sexual reproduction allows features from two plants to be mixed together. The new
e plant is a new variety. Think about red and green apples. They are all apples and so
are the same species. The different apples are different varieties.
A B C
+ +
V W X Y Z
S knowledge, observation
Exploring Science for QCA Copymaster File 7 68 © Pearson Education Limited 2002