Academia De Averroes

Grade Pre O levels I

Monthly lesson Plan (September)
11th September~Monday
Introduction to Digestion
Objective: Understand the basics of digestion and its importance.
Classwork:
- Start with a class discussion: "What is digestion, and why is it important?"
- Introduce the digestive system with a simple diagram.
- Explanation about purpose of digestion, large molecules cannot enter
into blood stream and molecules are broken down into smaller molecules.
Written work:
Q1. What is digestion?
Ans. Digestion refers to the breakdown of food into
smaller components that can
be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Q2. Why digestion is important?
Ans. Through digestion, your body receives the energy
and nutrients that it needs to carry out other essential
functions, including growth and cellular repair.

12th September~Tuesday
The Digestive Process
Classwork:
- Explain the stages of digestion: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
- Illustrating the digestive process. Explaining the concepts of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
to grade 6 students in a simple and understandable way is crucial. Here's a breakdown of these processes:
Written Work:
Q3. What are the steps of digestion?
Ans. Ingestion: Ingestion is the process of taking food into your mouth.
Digestion: Digestion is the process of breaking down the food you eat into smaller, more manageable
pieces.
Absorption: Absorption is the process of taking the tiny molecules of nutrients from your digested food and
sending them into your bloodstream so your body can use them.
Elimination: Elimination is the process of getting rid of the parts of the food that your body can't use.
- Class activity: Create a flowchart of the digestive process.
Homework: Draw and label a diagram of the digestive system in your copies.
13th September~Wednesday
The Mouth and Saliva
Objective: Understand the importance of the mouth in the digestive process and how saliva aids in digestion.
Classwork:
Activity 1: Chewing Experiment:
- Give each student a small food item (e.g., a cracker).
- Ask them to chew the cracker as they normally would and time how long it takes to break it down.
- Discuss their observations. How does the cracker change as they chew it? Why is chewing important in
digestion?
Mouth and Saliva:
- Explain the role of the mouth in digestion.
- Discuss how the teeth break down food into smaller pieces and the tongue helps move it around.
- Introduce saliva as a vital part of digestion and explain that it contains special chemicals called enzymes.
- If available, show a video or animation illustrating the role of saliva in breaking down food.
Discussion (10 minutes):
- Lead a class discussion on the importance of chewing food properly and how saliva helps in digestion.
- Ask questions such as:
1. Why is chewing food important in digestion?
2. What did you notice during the saliva experiment?
3. How does saliva make it easier for our bodies to digest food?
14th September~Thursday
Classwork:
Review (10 minutes):
- Recap the key points of the lesson, including the role of the mouth and saliva in digestion.
- Allow students to ask any remaining questions.
Written Work:
Questions and Answers:
Q4. Why is it important to chew food properly in the mouth during digestion?
Ans: Chewing food properly breaks it into smaller pieces, making it easier for enzymes in our saliva and
stomach to digest it. This helps our bodies extract nutrients more efficiently.
Q5. What are some ways the mouth aids in digestion?
Ans: The mouth uses teeth to physically break down food, and the tongue helps mix food with saliva. Saliva
contains enzymes that start breaking down starches and other substances in our food.

This lesson should provide students with a clear understanding of how the mouth contributes to the digestive
process, emphasizing the importance of chewing and the role of saliva.
14th September~Thursday
The Stomach
Objective: Understand the significance of the stomach in the digestive process and how it breaks down food.
Classwork:
- Begin with a brief review of the digestive system and its key components. Understanding the
- Emphasize that digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller parts that our bodies can use for
energy and growth.
- Introduce the topic of the stomach and its role in digestion.
The Stomach
- Explain the stomach's role in digestion.
- Discuss how the stomach has strong acids and enzymes that further break down food.
- If available, show a video or animation illustrating the stomach's digestive process.
Activity: Stomach Acid Experiment (15 minutes)
- Discuss the importance of stomach acids in digestion.
- Perform a simple experiment: Mix a small amount of vinegar with water and add a piece of a cracker or bread.
- Observe what happens as the vinegar (representing stomach acid) interacts with the food.
- Asking questions such as:
1. How does the stomach help break down food?
2. What happens to the food in the stomach?
3. Why do you think the stomach needs strong acids for digestion?
Questions and Answers:
Q5. How does the stomach help break down food?
Ans: The stomach uses strong acids and enzymes to break down food into a soupy mixture called chyme. It also
contracts and relaxes, mixing the food thoroughly for digestion
Q6. What is the role of stomach acid in digestion?
Answer: Stomach acid, also known as gastric acid, helps break down food and kill harmful bacteria. It creates
an acidic environment in the stomach that activates enzymes, facilitating the digestion of proteins and other
nutrients.
Q7. Why do you think the stomach needs strong acids for digestion?
Ans: The stomach needs strong acids to break down tough and complex
food substances, such as proteins. These acids create the right conditions
for enzymes to work effectively.
Homework:
Draw diagram of Stomach in your copies.
15th September~Friday
Classwork:
 Revision of digestive system, importance of digestion and stomach.
 Review to whole week lesson
Written Work
Q8. Fill in the blanks.
1. In the process of digestion, food is broken down into __________ parts that our bodies can use for energy
and growth.
2. The digestive system includes several organs, such as the mouth, __________, small intestine, and large
intestine
3. In the mouth, the process of __________ begins as we chew our food and mix it with saliva.
4. Saliva contains special chemicals called __________, which help break down starches in our food.
5. After being chewed and mixed with saliva, the food travels down the __________ and into the stomach.
6. The stomach uses strong acids and enzymes to further break down the food into a soupy mixture called
__________.
7. This soupy mixture, known as __________, moves into the small intestine for further digestion and nutrient
absorption.
Note: Students to answer these blanks by themselves.
18th September~Monday
Absorption and Small Intestine
Objective: Understand the absorption process and the role of the small intestine. Understand the importance of
the small intestine in the digestive process and how it absorbs nutrients from digested food.
Classwork:
- Explain the process of absorption in the digestive system.
Introduction (5 minutes):
- Begin with a brief review of the digestive system and its key components.
- Emphasize the role of the small intestine in the digestive process.
- Explain that the small intestine is where most nutrient absorption occurs.
The Small Intestine (10 minutes):
- Explain the structure and function of the small intestine.
- Discuss how the small intestine's surface area is increased by villi and microvilli, which are like tiny finger-
like structures.
- If available, show a video or animation illustrating nutrient absorption in the small intestine.
Discussion (10 minutes):
- Lead a class discussion on the importance of the small intestine in digestion and nutrient absorption.
- Ask questions such as:
1. How does the small intestine's structure help with nutrient absorption?
2. What are some nutrients that are absorbed in the small intestine?
3. Why is it important for our bodies to absorb these nutrients?
Written Work (10 minutes):
Questions and Answers:
Q10. What is the main role of the small intestine in the digestive system?
Ans: The small intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients from the digested food and transferring
them into the bloodstream for the body to use.
Q11. How does the structure of the small intestine contribute to its function?
Ans The small intestine has villi and microvilli, tiny finger-like structures that increase its surface area. This
enlarged surface area allows for more efficient absorption of nutrients.
Q12. What are some examples of nutrients that are absorbed in the small intestine?
Ans: Nutrients absorbed in the small intestine include carbohydrates (sugars), proteins, fats (lipids), vitamins,
and minerals.
Q13. Why is nutrient absorption in the small intestine essential for our bodies?
Ans Nutrient absorption in the small intestine is crucial because it provides our bodies with the necessary
energy, building blocks, and essential substances required for growth, repair, and overall health.
19th September~Tuesday.
The Role of Bile
Objective: Understand the importance of bile in breaking down fats during digestion.
Classwork:
Introduction (10 minutes):
- Begin with a brief review of the digestive system and its key components.
- Explain that digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller parts that our bodies can use for
energy and growth.
- Introduce the bile and its role in digestion.
Bile (15 minutes):
- Explain what bile is and where it is produced
(the liver) and stored (the gallbladder).
- Discuss how bile is released into the
small intestine to help digest fats.
Discussion (10 minutes):
- Lead a class discussion on the importance of bile in digestion, specifically in breaking down fats.
- Ask questions such as:
1. Why is it essential to break down fats during digestion?
2. Where is bile produced and stored in our bodies?
3. How does bile help in the digestion of fatty foods?
Written Work:
Questions and Answers:
Q14. What is bile, and where is it produced and stored in our bodies?
Ans: Bile is a greenish fluid produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder until it's needed in the
small intestine for digestion.
Q15. Why is it essential to break down fats during digestion?
Ans: Breaking down fats is important because it allows our bodies to absorb essential fat-soluble vitamins (A,
D, E, and K) and obtain energy from fats.
Q16. How does bile help in the digestion of fatty foods?
Ans: Bile acts as an emulsifier, breaking down large fat droplets into smaller ones, making it easier for
enzymes to work on them. This process helps in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.
Homework:
Revise the role small intestine and bile in digestion.
20h September~Wednesday
Large Intestine
Objective: Explore the functions of the large intestine and review the entire digestive process.
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
1. Describe the function of the large intestine in the digestive system.
2. Identify the parts of the large intestine.
3. Understand the importance of a healthy large intestine for overall health.
Classwork:
1. Begin by discussing the digestive system briefly. Review the main parts, such as the mouth, esophagus,
stomach, and small intestine. Explain that today's focus will be on the large intestine.
Part 1: Function of the Large Intestine (20 minutes):
2. Show a diagram of the digestive system and point out the location of the large intestine.
3. Explain that the large intestine is the final part of the digestive system, and its main function is to absorb
water and electrolytes from undigested food.
4. Discuss how the large intestine helps in the formation and elimination of feces.
5. Use visual aids to illustrate the parts of the large intestine: cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon,
descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum.
Part 2: Importance of a Healthy Large Intestine (20 minutes):
6. Explain that a healthy large intestine is crucial for overall health. It helps maintain proper hydration and
electrolyte balance and plays a role in the immune system.
7. Discuss how a balanced diet with fiber and probiotics can support a healthy large intestine.
8. Mention the importance of regular bowel movements and how irregularity can lead to digestive problems.
21st September~Thursday
Classwork:
Revision of the key points of the lesson, emphasizing the importance of the large intestine for digestion and
overall health.
Encourage students to ask any remaining questions they may have about the topic.
Written work:
Questions/Answers:
Q17: Where is the large intestine located in the digestive system?
Ans: The large intestine is in your lower abdominal cavity from your waist down
Q16. What is the main function of the large intestine?
Ans: The large intestine has 3 primary functions: absorbing water and electrolytes, producing and absorbing
vitamins, and forming and propelling feces toward the rectum for elimination
Q18. List the parts of the large intestine in order.
Ans: Cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.
Q19. Why is a healthy large intestine important for overall health?
Ans: The health of your colon can affect the entirety of your digestive system. If your colon is working
properly, you will be stronger and feel better to fight disease.
22nd September~Friday
Classwork:
Revision of all week topic.
1. Which organ produces digestive juices containing enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and
fats?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Pancreas
D) Liver
2. What is the function of the small intestine in the digestive system?
A) Absorb nutrients from digested food
B) Break down food into smaller pieces
C) Store food temporarily
D) Produce digestive enzymes
3. Which organ stores bile and releases it into the small intestine to help digest fats?
A) Gallbladder
B) Liver
C) Stomach
D) Large intestine
4. What is the role of the large intestine in digestion?
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Break down food
C) Store bile
D) Absorb water and form feces
5. Which of the following is NOT a part of the digestive system?
A) Kidneys
B) Esophagus
C) Mouth
D) Rectum
6. Which organ stores bile and releases it into the small intestine to help digest fats?
A) Stomach
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Gallbladder
7. What is the function of the esophagus in the digestive system?
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Mix and churn food
C) Transport food from the mouth to the stomach
D) Break down carbohydrates
8. Which digestive organ churns and mixes food with gastric juices to form a semi-liquid mixture called chyme?
A) Small intestine
B) Liver
C) Stomach
D) Large intestine
9. What is the primary role of the small intestine in digestion?
A) Absorb nutrients from digested food
B) Store food for future use
C) Produce digestive enzymes
D) Break down large food particles
10. Which of the following substances is produced by the salivary glands to aid in digestion?
A) Bile
B) Insulin
C) Gastric juice
D) Saliva
11. What is the name of the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and carries food to be digested?
A) Trachea
B) Esophagus
C) Intestine
D) Bronchus
25th September~Monday
Objective:
By the end of this lesson, students will:
1. Review key concepts related to the digestive system.
2. Engage in a book reading activity to reinforce their understanding of digestion.
Classwork:
1. Begin by asking students to recall what they have learned about digestion in previous lessons. Write down
their responses on the whiteboard.
2. Explain that today's lesson will focus on revising those concepts and reinforcing their knowledge through a
book reading activity.
Review of Digestion
3. Use visual aids, diagrams, or a short presentation to review the key components of the digestive system,
including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
4. Discuss the functions of each organ and their roles in the digestive process.
5. Encourage students to ask questions or seek clarification on any concepts they find challenging.
Book Reading Activity (20 minutes):
6. Introduce the chosen book or reading materials related to digestion. Ensure that the reading level is
appropriate for grade 6 students.
7. Read aloud a selected portion of the book, focusing on a section that explains the digestive process in a clear
and engaging manner.
8. Pause at key points to ask comprehension questions to ensure that students are understanding the material.
For example, you can ask, "What happens to food in the stomach?" or "Why is the small intestine important in
digestion?"
9. Allow students to take turns reading aloud or continue with the teacher-led reading, depending on the class's
preferences and reading abilities.
Discussion and Q&A
10. After completing the reading activity, engage in a class discussion. Ask students to share what they've
learned from the book and how it relates to what they already knew about digestion.
11. Encourage students to ask additional questions or seek clarification on any confusing points.
Worksheet or Activity (optional):
12. Distribute worksheets or activities related to digestion for students to complete individually or in pairs. This
can include labeling a diagram of the digestive system or answering questions about the digestive process.
13. Summarize the key takeaways from the lesson, emphasizing the importance of understanding the digestive
system for overall health and nutrition.
14. Encourage students to continue exploring the topic through reading and research.
26th September~Tuesday
Nutrients and Enzymes
Objective: Learn about the nutrients our bodies need and the enzymes involved in digestion.
Classwork:
- Discuss the six essential nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
- Class activity: Sort common foods into nutrient categories.
- Homework: Create a "Nutrient Chart" for a day's worth of meals.
- Introduce the concept of enzymes and their role in digestion.
- Perform an experiment showing how enzymes break down starch using iodine and saliva.

Homework:
Write about some specific enzymes and their functions in digestion on an A4 size sheet.
27th September~Wednesday
Classwork:
Q: What are enzymes, and what is their role in the digestive process?
Ans: Enzymes help break down large food molecules into smaller during digestion. Enzymes play a crucial role
in speeding up chemical reactions in the body.
Q. Where are digestive enzymes produced in our body, and where do they function?
Ans: Digestive enzymes are produced in various organs, including the salivary glands (in the mouth), the
pancreas (in the abdomen), and the small intestine. They function in different parts of the digestive system to
break down food. For example, amylase in saliva starts breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth, while
pancreatic enzymes work in the small intestine to break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates further.
Q: What are the three main types of macronutrients found in food, and which enzymes are responsible for
digesting them?
Ans: The three main types of macronutrients are:
- Carbohydrates (e.g., starches): Digestive enzyme - Amylase
- Proteins (e.g., meat, beans): Digestive enzymes - Pepsin (in the stomach) and Proteases (produced by the
pancreas)
- Fats (e.g., oils, butter): Digestive enzymes - Lipases (produced by the pancreas)
Q: Why is chewing food thoroughly important for the digestion of carbohydrates?
Ans: Chewing food thoroughly is important because it helps mix food with saliva, which contains the enzyme
amylase. Amylase begins breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth, making it easier for the digestive system
to process them further in the stomach and small intestine.
Homework:
Written assessment of “Digestion” on Friday. (29-09-2023)

28th September~Thursday
Enzymes and Food
Classwork:
This revision plan can be conducted over several days, with each day focusing on specific topics or activities.
Introduction to Food and Enzymes (30 minutes)
 Discussion (10 minutes): Start by discussing what students already know about food and enzymes.
Encourage them to share their understanding of digestion and its importance.
 Visual Aids (10 minutes): Use diagrams or images to illustrate the digestive system and the role of
enzymes. Highlight the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine.
 Q&A Session (10 minutes): Engage students in a question-and-answer session to assess their current
knowledge. Ask questions about the types of food they eat and their basic understanding of digestion.
- Explore how different enzymes work on specific food types.
- Review the digestive system, nutrients, and enzymes.

29th September~Friday
Written asessement
.

Additional Questions and Answers

1. Why is digestion important for our bodies?

Ans: Digestion is essential because it breaks down food into nutrients our bodies can use for energy, growth,
and repair.
2. List the six essential nutrients and give an example of each.
Ans: Carbohydrates (e.g., bread), Proteins (e.g., chicken), Fats (e.g., avocado), Vitamins (e.g., vitamin C in
oranges), Minerals (e.g., calcium in dairy), and Water.
3. What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
Ans: Enzymes are special proteins that help break down food into smaller molecules so that the body can absorb
nutrients more easily.
4. Explain how the small intestine is adapted for nutrient absorption.
Ans: The small intestine has tiny finger-like structures called villi and microvilli that increase its surface area.
This adaptation allows for efficient absorption of nutrients.
5. What is the function of bile in digestion?
Ans: Bile helps emulsify fat, breaking it into smaller droplets, which makes it easier for enzymes to digest fat.
6. Why is the gut microbiome important for digestion and overall health?
Ans: The gut microbiome consists of beneficial bacteria that help digest certain foods, produce vitamins, and
support the immune system. It plays a crucial role in maintaining digestive and overall health.
7. What happens during the absorption stage of digestion?
Ans: During absorption, nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids are taken from the digestive
tract into the bloodstream, where they can be transported to cells for energy and growth.
1. The small intestine has tiny finger-like structures called __________ and __________, which increase its
surface area for better absorption of nutrients.
2. Nutrients such as __________, __________, and __________ are absorbed in the small intestine and carried
away by the bloodstream to different parts of the body.
3. What remains after nutrient absorption moves into the __________ intestine, where most of the water is
removed, and it becomes thicker waste material.
Adjust the complexity of the questions and activities to match the students' level of understanding and
engagement.