International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET)

Volume 11, Issue 10, December 2020, pp 202-206., Article ID: IJEET_11_10_028
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijeet/issues.asp?JType=IJEET&VType=11&IType=10
ISSN Print: 0976-6545 and ISSN Online: 0976-6553
DOI: 10.34218/IJEET.11.10.2020.028

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

A REVIEW ON 3D PRINTER
Sasmeeta Tripathy
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University),
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Suresh Kaswan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sanskriti University,
Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.

ABSTRACT
Now a day, the 3D printing is an increasingly commercially used technology. A
crucial section of 3D printing is for providing the printer with printable content if
possible, which is achieved by using reels of plastic filament, the most common is PLA,
but it is the final product which is sold separately. For this situation, the other option
arises that plastic material can be recycled and reused through bottles which are
disposable which were discarded in order to be used as printable material. 3D Printing
Technology is also defined as rapid prototyping, where a 3-dimensional structure is
formed by laying the specific material layers. Three phases such as design, printing &
finishing are included here in this process. They use any CAD software in the first step
to create 3d design. Use this template to build an object in the 2nd stage 3D printer.
And the finished item of the third step is extracted from the printer. This technology
saves time and money. This avoids material waste. It is very useful to give the demo of
any product in industries.
Keywords: 3D printer, PLA, Plastic, Printer, Recycling for 3D printing.
Cite this Article: Sasmeeta Tripathy and Suresh Kaswan, A Review on 3D Printer,
International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, 11(10), 2020, pp. 202-
206.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJEET/issues.asp?JType=IJEET&VType=11&IType=10

1. INTRODUCTION
3D Printing Technology implies 3-dimensional physical object creation process also known as
rapid prototyping processes. 3D Printer produces an object here in this technology by laying
the material on the printer platform until the desired shape is created. Molten substance or
powder is use to create objects in this Printing is nothing more than the process of making text
or pictures.
2D Printing can be achieved with paper & ink, but different materials are used to print an
object in 3D[1]. It technology is mostly used to make innovations a reality in industry. This is

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 A Review on 3D Printer

now a day's leading technology that attracts trained students and industries. Using a 3d printer,
user can create an entire model at once. If he uses a different method then designing takes more
time & expense, produces separate parts and then connects all parts by glue. This technology's
basic principle is content container, performance versatility, and code translation into
recognizable manner[2]. The 3D printer is a device that transforms digital data to a physical
object, or simply the design. Using CAD software, this 3D design is developed. It is used in
different industries, including clothing, jewelry, dental, automotive, transportation, etc. In 1990,
by name fused deposition modeling (FDM), an inventor invented the technology of plastic
extrusion most commonly linked with the “3D printing." After the beginning of the 21st
century, the sales of these printing machines have grown considerably and thus there is
reduction in their prices [3]. In early 2010s, the words and additive manufacturing and 3D
printing originated in the sense that they could be alternative combined terms for technologies
of AM one being used by customers and the media in common vernacular, and the other being
used by industrial AM uses component suppliers, AM system manufacturer, and global
professional standard organization. Both the term illustrate basic fact of all technology shared
within automatic control common theme of adding / joining sequential type of layer content
through 3D envelope of work [4]. Figure 1 shows the 3D Printer.

Figure 1.3D Printer

2. WORKING
Three dimensional printing is an optimized process of manufacturing by which product layer
can be created using layer object. Three dimensional printing takes place in 3 steps[5]:
 Cad Design

 Printing Process

 Finishing
Step 1: The design of the object is generated using the machine in the first step in which special
software type such as CAD was required. Anyone who knows about this software can design
artifacts. There are a number software types which are available which variety of software is

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 Sasmeeta Tripathy and Suresh Kaswan

good and it depends entirely on the requirement of what you are designing. Send the file to the
printer after designing.
Step 2: Printer slices designed into the 0.1 mm thick layer proportion. From that design, the
printer being used to produce object. The head of Print moves over a powder bed where the
cross-sectional sending of data from the computer is printed. Here scanner will scan template
and the beam of laser will fall onto the bed layer, after completing the first platform layer
reduced by 0.1 mm, it produces cross-sectional area on that layer and other layer powder is
spread over and repetition of process is done until object is formed[6].
Step 3: After the item has been assembled, extra powder extracts from the platform by
application of vacuum pressure and the vibrations to bottom of container. Powder which has
been removed is distributed, purified and returned to the hopper for reuse through the device.
Then, open the system front and remove the object from that platform.

3. TYPES OF PRINTING
3.1. Selective Laser Sintering
It is a method of additive manufacturing that uses big laser to connect material that will be used
to create an item in the printer. Material is in the form of powder in this process. Products
include plastic, metal, ceramic, glass and so on. By scanning of digital data on powder surface
of bed, the selective laser fuses the powder. After all cross-sections scanning are complete, the
bed of powder is lessened by one thickness of one layer and new layer is added to the top and
procedure is repetition till the product completes. Most of the machine uses two types of powder
or powder mixture because the laser powder only melts the outer surface of the particles in a
single component, fusing the un-melted core of the solid state into each other[7]. Figure 2 shows
the selective laser sintering.

Figure 2: Selective Laser Sintering

3.2. Fused Deposition Moulding

This is an additive method used in the manufacture of moulding prototype and application
manufacturing. This functions on an additive theory whereby user can create an object by laying
down the material layer by layer. Here uses plastic or wire of metal filaments. The filament is
connected to nozzle of the extrusion. Nozzle is heated by means of a guided process to melt the
filament; it is moved horizontally as well as vertically. This process is controlled by using the
CAM (Computer Added Manufacturing). To push the extrusion arm, servo or stepper motor is
employed. When the CAD template is sent to printer, the extrusion nozzle is heated for melting
plastic filament or metal wire and it travels horizontally and vertically to shape the layer of the
object by layer. Immediately after the nozzle extrusion, the material hardens [8]. Fused
deposition modeling is shown in Figure 3.

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 A Review on 3D Printer

Figure 3: Fused Deposition Modeling

3.3. Stereolithography
Ultraviolet laser and Liquid photopolymer are used for building the target layer by layer in
stereolithography. A cross section of the component pattern is drawn on liquid’s surface resins
for each layer of laser beam. Ultraviolet laser light exposure cures and solidifies the pattern
traced on the resins and attaches it to the lower layer. Then, the elevator frame of SLA slides
down a distance equal to a single layer thickness, usually 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm, and this will
process repeat till the target is done. After this process, the object is thrown into the chemical
bath to clean excess resins and then healed in an ultraviolet oven[9]. Figure 4 shows the
Stereolithography.

Figure 4. Stereolithography
3.4. Laminated Object Manufacturing
In this with the help of a laser cutter, layers of paper which is adhesive-coated, metal or plastic
laminates are joined together successively and then cut into required form. After the printing
process, items printed in this technique will be further modified by using machining. Material
feedstock is defined as the typical resolution of layer for this process and usually will have
ranges in thickness from 1 to a number of sheets of copy paper [10]. Laminated object
manufacturing is shown in Figure 5.

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 Sasmeeta Tripathy and Suresh Kaswan

Figure 5. Laminated Object Manufacturing

CONCLUSION
The technology of three dimensional printing can revolutionize world. Advances in technology
of 3D printing will alter the way people do manufacturing of products and production of goods
worldwide dramatically and enhance them. Using Computer assisted Design software, an item
is scanned or built, then divided in thin layers that can be printed out for forming a solid 3D
product. It can be used in all fields of human need. It will bring fast and easy manufacturing to
companies and individuals in any scale or size constrained by imagination alone. While, 3D
printing will allow quick, reliable and repeatable means of manufacturing personalized goods
that can still be manufactured cheaply by automating processes and distributing production
needs.
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