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There are a number of references to traditional, ancient, or prehistoric ball games, played by

indigenous peoples in many different parts of the world. For example, in 1586, men from a ship
commanded by an English explorer named John Davis went ashore to play a form of football with
[29]
Inuit in Greenland. There are later accounts of an Inuit game played on ice, called Aqsaqtuk.
Each match began with two teams facing each other in parallel lines, before attempting to kick
the ball through each other team's line and then at a goal. In 1610, William Strachey, a colonist
[citation
at Jamestown, Virginia recorded a game played by Native Americans, called Pahsaheman.
needed]
Pasuckuakohowog, a game similar to modern-day association football played amongst
Amerindians, was also reported as early as the 17th century.
Games played in Mesoamerica with rubber balls by indigenous peoples are also
well-documented as existing since before this time, but these had more similarities to basketball
or volleyball, and no links have been found between such games and modern football sports.
Northeastern American Indians, especially the Iroquois Confederation, played a game which
made use of net racquets to throw and catch a small ball; however, although it is a ball-goal foot
game, lacrosse (as its modern descendant is called) is likewise not usually classed as a form of
[citation needed]
"football".

Oceania

On the Australian continent several tribes of indigenous people played kicking and catching
games with stuffed balls which have been generalised by historians as Marn Grook (Djab
Wurrung for "game ball"). The earliest historical account is an anecdote from the 1878 book by
Robert Brough-Smyth, The Aborigines of Victoria, in which a man called Richard Thomas is
quoted as saying, in about 1841 in Victoria, Australia, that he had witnessed Aboriginal people
playing the game: "Mr Thomas describes how the foremost player will drop kick a ball made from
the skin of a possum and how other players leap into the air in order to catch it." Some historians
have theorised that Marn Grook was one of the origins of Australian rules football.
The Māori in New Zealand played a game called Ki-o-rahi consisting of teams of seven players
play on a circular field divided into zones, and score points by touching the 'pou' (boundary
[citation needed]
markers) and hitting a central 'tupu' or target.
These games and others may well go far back into antiquity. However, the main sources of
modern football codes appear to lie in western Europe, especially England.

Turkic peoples

Mahmud al-Kashgari in his Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, described a game called "tepuk" among Turks
in Central and East Asia. In the game, people try to attack each other's castle by kicking a ball
[30]
made of sheep leather.

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