Lecture 1

안녕하세요? Hello, everyone!
In this module, you will learn how to

introduce your friends in Korean. There are many people around us,
including our friends. What are your friends like? What do they do? How can we
introduce
our friends in Korean? Let's get started with this topic. First, in this unit, we
will study
how to explain a person's actions or movement in Korean. Let's watch a video. Two
people are talking about
what their friend is doing. Listen carefully. What did they say? Let's check their
dialogue. The first person asked, 누가 노래해요? Who is singing? Then, the other
person answered, 마이클이 노래해요. Michael is singing. Please listen again. 누가
노래해요? 마이클이 노래해요. In order to learn these expressions, we will first study
some basic verbs. 먹다. 먹다 is to eat. 먹다 읽다. 읽다 is to read. 읽다 사다. 사다 means
to buy. 사다 보다. 보다
means to see or to watch. 보다 주다. 주다 is to give. 주다 마시다. 마시다
is to drink. 마시다 공부하다. 공부하다 is to study. 공부하다 노래하다. 노래하다 means to sing.
노래하다 Now listen and repeat after me. Let's check your vocabulary. Please look at
the picture and
say the word in Korean. Very good. Now let's study today's grammar, the final
ending of a sentence, verb stem -어요/아요/여요. This is an informal style sentence
ending
that is placed after an action verb or descriptive verb stem. This form is used
frequently in everyday
conversation with people you respect. Depending on your intonation,
it can be used in the declarative or interrogative form. And depending on the
context and flow, it can also be used in the imperative or
suggestive form. From this point in our lectures on, we
will use the following terms about verbs. By action verbs,
we mean, verbs like 가다 and 오다 that shows actions. And descriptive verbs refer to
all the stative verbs like 좋다 and 예쁘다. A verb stem refers to the part of
the verb which is not conjugated. For example,
the stems of the verbs 가다 and 먹다 are 가 and 먹
without the final ending '-다'. In this lecture, verb stems will be
marked Vst, as you can see here. Now, let's look at how verbs are
conjugated using '-어요, -아요 and -여요'. When the verb stem ends in 아 or 오, use -
아요. When the verb stem ends in other vowels,
use -어요. And when the verb ends with 하다,
use -여요. Now, let's look at the examples one by one. First up are verbs which use
‘-아요’ after the verb stem. Let's look at verbs ending in the vowel 아. As you can
see in 많다,
meaning to be many or much and 사다, which means to buy, the verb stems
are 많 and 사 respectively. What is the vowel of the verb stem? Yes, it's -아. So,
많다 becomes 많아요
taking -아요 after 많. The verb stem 사 of
the verb 사다 also ends in 아, so
사다 becomes 사아요. In this case,
사아요 is contracted to 사요. Next are the verbs that have
stems ending in 오. 좋다 meaning to be good,
and 보다 to see or watch, both have verb stems ending in 오. In this case as well,
you use -아요. So, 좋다 becomes 좋아요 by
putting -아요 after the verb stem. The verb stem 보 in 보다, also
takes -아요 and becomes 보아요. And here, 보아요 needs to
be shortened to 봐요. Next, let's look at the verbs
that take -어요. First, there are verbs that have
어 in the end of their verb stem. The verb stems of 먹다,
to eat, and 서다, to stand, are 먹 and 서 when you take
the ending -다 away. The verb stem ends with 어, so 먹다 becomes 먹어요
adding -어요 to 먹. Likewise, 서다 becomes 서어요
by putting -어요 after 서. And 서어요 is shortened to 서요. Now look at the verbs with
우
in their verb stem ending. If you take the ending -다 away
from the verb 웃다 to laugh and 배우다 to learn, the verb stems
are 웃, and 배우 respectively. So, from 웃다, we connect
the verb stem 웃 with the ending -어요 to form 웃어요. Similarly, 배우다 becomes 배우어요
by adding the ending -어요
to the stem 배우. Here, 우어 in 배우어요 is
contracted, leaving 배워요. Let's examine one more
case that takes -어요. 있다, to have or to exist and
마시다, to drink have stems ending in 이, 있 and 마시. 있다 becomes 있어요 by putting -
어요 after the verb stem 있. The verb stem 마시 in
마시다 also takes -어요. So 마시다 becomes 마시어요. Finally, 시어 in 마시어요 is shortened,
giving us 마셔요. Lastly, there are verbs that end with 하다.
These 하다 verbs take -여요. Examples are 공부하다, to study,
and 노래하다, to sing. The verb stems are 공부하 and
노래하 respectively. 공부하다 becomes 공부하여요 by adding
-여요 to the stem 공부하, and is often contracted to 공부해요. 노래하다 also has 하다 for
its ending, so it takes -여요. We get 노래하여요 when we put 노래하 and
-여요 together, and it can also be
contracted to 노래해요. Now, let's practice the verbs
you learned just before. 먹다. The verb stem ends in 어. 먹어요. 사다. The verb stem
ends in 아. 사요. 마시다. The verb stem ends in 이. 마셔요. 공부하다. The verb ends in
하다. 공부해요. Now, listen to each question and answer. Well done. Now it’s time to
do some speaking
practice using the verbs we have learned. First, take a look at the dialogue. The
first person asked, 누가 노래해요? Who is singing? And the other person answered,
마이클이 노래해요. Michael is singing. Now listen and repeat. Let's practice together.
Listen to and answer my questions. Excellent. Now ask your friend a question and
let them answer. Very good. Now, can you answer my question? 누가 공부해요? You can
answer with, 마이클이 공부해요 or with 리에가 공부해요. How was it? Now, can you tell
others,
what your friend is doing? Lastly, we will watch short video clips
demonstrating the expressions we learned. How did you do today? Can you understand
what
the student said in the video? In this unit, you learned how
to express others' actions and movements while using the informal
high sentence ending, -어요/아요/여요. In the next unit, let's study how to
explain other's actions more in detail. Thank you, bye. 안녕히 계십시오.

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안녕하세요? Hello, everyone!

In this module, you will learn how to

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