M1 Readings in Phil History. For Students
M1 Readings in Phil History. For Students
M1 Readings in Phil History. For Students
Lesson Number: 1
Topic: The Meaning And Relevance Of History
Definition, Issues, Sources, & Methodology
Professor: Juanito A. Teves
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
Analyze the meaning of history as an academic discipline and be familiar with the
discipline's underlying philosophy and methodology.
Define primary and secondary sources.
Differentiate primary and secondary sources of historical records.
Appreciate the importance of history in the social and national life of the Philippines.
Display a full understanding of the course objectives.
Pre-Assessment
Direction. The diagram below shows the definition of terms related to sources. Rewrite each of
them in your own words on the spaced provided.
Historical Sources
In general, historical sources can be classified as either primary or a secondary source. The
classification of sources on these two categories depends on the historical subject being studied.
Primary sources of hhistory are those sources produced at the same time as the event,
period, or subject being studied. For example, the Commonwealth Constitution Convention of
1935 - primary sources can include the minutes of the convention, Philippine Commission reports
of the U.S. Commissioners, records of the convention, the draft of the Constitution, newspaper
clippings, and even photographs of the events. Eyewitness accounts of the convention delegates
and their memoirs are also be used as primary sources. Archival documents, artifacts, census,
memorabilia, letters, and government records are the most common examples of primary
sources.
Secondary sources are sources produced by an author who used primary sources to
produce the materials. Secondary sources history are historical sources, which studied a particular
historical subject. For example, the Philippine Revolution of 1896 - students can read Teodoro
Agoncillo's Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan published initially been
in 1956. The Philippine Revolution happened in the last years of the nineteenth century. Agoncillo
published his work in 1956, which made the Revolt of the Masses a secondary source.
Both primary and secondary sources are useful in writing and learning history. However, historians
and students of history need to thoroughly scrutinize these historical sources to avoid deception
and to come up with the historical truth.
Therefore, primary and secondary sources should be evaluated. Suppose the evaluation of an
available source shows any indication that it is an interpretative work rather than a factual firsthand
account. In that case, it is considered a secondary source. Thus, in conducting historical research,
it is essential first to identify whether the available sources are primary or secondary; this is to
determine how reliable and helpful they are.
Examples of historical sources:
SUMMARY
History refers to knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation. An account of the
past of a person or a group of people through written documents and historical evidence. History
also focused on writing about wars, revolutions, and other significant breakthroughs. The mantra
of "no document, no history" means that unless a written document can prove a particular
historical event, then it cannot be considered as a historical fact. Like any other academic
discipline, history developed and opened up to the possibility of valid historical sources, that were
not limited to written documents, like government records, chronicler's accounts, or personal
letters.
Historiography is the history of history. It covers how historians have studied and developed
history, including its sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches. It focuses on how a
particular historical text was written, who wrote it, the context of its publication, what historical
method was employed, and what sources were used. In general, historical sources can be
classified between primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are considered as
contemporary accounts of an event, personally written or narrated by a person who directly
experienced or participated in the said event. On the other hand, secondary sources serve as
interpretations or readings of primary sources. Both sources, the primary and secondary sources
are useful in writing and learning history.
ASSIGNMENT
Direction: Using any social media site, ask your friends to share their opinions on whether
President Rodrigo Duterte in an elite president or a populist president. Afterward, screenshot,
print, cut, and stick five responses to either be a primary or secondary source. Indicate whether
the response is a primary or secondary source of information. Justify why each response is a
primary or secondary source.
Response 1. _____________________________________________________
Response 2. _____________________________________________________
Response 3. _____________________________________________________
Response 4. _____________________________________________________
Response 5. _____________________________________________________
Grading Rubric
For a five-point essay:
5 – Used many details thoroughly and expertly; applied integrated concepts;
made connections between facts and ideas.
4 – Used many details to illustrate the topic; clearly understood the topic well.
3 – Used some details to illustrate the topic; understood topic
2 – Used one or two details, alluded to details vaguely; followed directions, had a basic
knowledge of the topic.
1 – Used no historical details, made factual errors; thinking not justified, no evidence that
knowledge was acquired.
0 – No attempt to answer the question was made.
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
To know more about the differences between Primary and Secondary Sources. Kindly access the
link provided: https://eac.libguides.com/c.php?g=623210&p=4784148
REFERENCES
Candelaria, J., & Alporha V. (2018). Readings in Philippine History. Manila: Rex Book
Store, Inc.
Asuncion, N. et al. ((2019). Readings in Philippine History. Quezon City: C & E Publishing,
Inc.