Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
Marigondon National High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Name: Score :____________________________

Year : Section:_________ _______________

I. Lesson Title (Quarter No., LAS No., Week No., Semester, School Year)
Selecting and writing Review of Related Literatures (WEEK 5, 1ST SEMESTER, S.Y 2022-2023)

II. Learning Competency /ies (LC) and Learning Objectives (LO)

A. Learning Competency:
1. selects relevant literature
2. cites related literature using standard style
3. synthesizes information from relevant literature

B.Learning Objectives:
1. Identify the steps and processes of Review of Related Literature and the appropriate
methods of the suggested referencing style (APA).
2. Display mastery on the steps and processes of writing a cohesive literature review
through a Spider Web Discussion.
3. Appreciate the importance of observing the proper steps in Reviewing Related literature.
4. Value the essence of collaboration with others through the varied class activities that
will enhance participation, cooperation, and collaboration.
III. Concept Notes (Content Discussions)
This Learning activity sheet will serve as the student’s study guide. Hence, this will include a
protocol presentation of the necessary contents that student must be able to learn. These are as
follows:
1. Literature
2. Review of Literature: Definition
3. Steps of Reviewing Literature (Before, During, and After Reading Literature)

A. What is a Literature:
A literature review is a written summary of journals, books and other documents that describes the past
and current state of information on the research study. A good review might also contain other
information drawn from conference papers, books, and government documents. (Creswell, 2012 p. 180).
Moreover, it is “A review of literature review is a summary, analysis, and interpretation of
theoretical, conceptual and research literature related to the topic or them. “(Anderson, 1998 p. 76).
Thus, it is:
● Surveys scholarly sources on a specific topic
● Provides an overview of current knowledge
● Points out gaps in existing research
● Appears as part of a dissertation or on its own

B. Purpose of Literature Review

When you write a thesis, dissertation, or research paper, you will likely have to conduct a literature
review to situate your research within existing knowledge. The literature review gives you a chance to:

1. Demonstrate your familiarity with the topic and its scholarly context
2. Develop a theoretical framework and methodology for your research
3. Position your work in relation to other researchers and theorists
4. Show how your research addresses a gap or contributes to a debate
5. Evaluate the current state of research and demonstrate your knowledge of the scholarly
debates around your topic.

Writing literature reviews is a particularly important skill if you want to apply for graduate school or
pursue a career in research. We’ve written a step-by-step guide that you can follow below.

C. Steps in Writing a Literature Review:

Research is an organized investigation of a problem where an investigator attempts to gain solution
to a problem. Thus, to get the right result and solution, a clearly and cohesively written review of
related literature is paramount. Indicated hereafter are the steps in writing a literature review:

5 Steps in writing a literature review:

General Objectives:
1. Search for relevant literature: Before you begin searching for literature, you need a
clearly defined topic. If you are writing the literature review section of a dissertation or
research paper, you will search for literature related to your research problem and questions.
Here are the steps:
a. Make a list of keywords: Start by creating a list of keywords related to your research
question. Include each of the key concepts or variables you’re interested in, and list
any synonyms and related terms. You can add to this list as you discover new keywords in
the process of your literature search.
(ex. social media, Learning Behavior, Academic Performance, Academic Motivation.)

b. Search for relevant sources. Use your keywords to begin searching for sources. Some
useful databases to search for journals and articles include:
 Your university’s library catalogue
 Google Scholar
 JSTOR
 EBSCO
 Project Muse (humanities and social sciences)
 Medline (life sciences and biomedicine)
 EconLit (economics)
 Inspec (physics, engineering and computer science)
 You can also use boolean operators to help narrow down your search.
Make sure to read the abstract to find out whether an article is relevant to your
question. When you find a useful book or article, you can check the bibliography to find
other relevant sources.

2. Evaluate and Select Sources: You likely won’t be able to read absolutely everything that has
been written on your topic, so it will be necessary to evaluate which sources are most relevant
to your research question.

For each publication, ask yourself:

 What question or problem is the author addressing?
 What are the key concepts and how are they defined?
 What are the key theories, models, and methods?
 Does the research use established frameworks or take an innovative approach?
 What are the results and conclusions of the study?
 How does the publication relate to other literature in the field? Does it confirm, add
to, or challenge established knowledge?
 What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research?

Make sure the sources you use are credible, and make sure you read any landmark studies and major
theories in your field of research.

Take notes and cite your sources

 As you read, you should also begin the writing process. Take notes that you can later
incorporate into the text of your literature review.

 It is important to keep track of your sources with citations to avoid plagiarism. It can
be helpful to make an annotated bibliography, where you compile full citation information
and write a paragraph of summary and analysis for each source. This helps you remember
 what you read and saves time later in the process.

3. Identify Themes, debates, and gaps: To begin organizing your literature review’s argument and
structure, be sure you understand the connections and relationships between the sources you’ve
read. Based on your reading and notes, you can look for:

 Trends and patterns (in theory, method or results): do certain approaches become more or
less popular over time?
 Themes: what questions or concepts recur across the literature?
 Debates, conflicts, and contradictions: where do sources disagree?
 Pivotal publications: are there any influential theories or studies that changed the
direction of the field?
 Gaps: what is missing from the literature? Are there weaknesses that need to be
addressed?

This step will help you work out the structure of your literature review and (if applicable)
show how your own research will contribute to existing knowledge.

Example of trends and gaps in reviewing the literature on social media and body image, you note
that:

 Most research has focused on young women.

 There is an increasing interest in the visual aspects of social media.
 But there is still a lack of robust research on highly visual platforms like Instagram
and Snapchat—this is a gap that you could address in your own research.

4. Outline your literature review’s structure

There are various approaches to organizing the body of a literature review. Depending on the
length of your literature review, you can combine several of these strategies (for example, your
overall structure might be thematic, but each theme is discussed chronologically).
Chronological  The simplest approach is to trace the development of the topic over time.
However, if you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid simply listing and
summarizing sources in order.
 Try to analyze patterns, turning points and key debates that have shaped the
direction of the field. Give your interpretation of how and why certain
developments occurred.
Thematic  If you have found some recurring central themes, you can organize your
literature review into subsections that address different aspects of the
topic.
 For example, if you are reviewing literature about inequalities in migrant
health outcomes, key themes might include healthcare policy, language
barriers, cultural attitudes, legal status, and economic access.
Methodological If you draw your sources from different disciplines or fields that use a variety of
research methods, you might want to compare the results and conclusions that emerge
from different approaches. For example:

 Look at what results have emerged in qualitative versus quantitative research

 Discuss how the topic has been approached by empirical versus theoretical
scholarship
 Divide the literature into sociological, historical, and cultural sources
Theoretical A literature review is often the foundation for a theoretical framework. You
can use it to discuss various theories, models, and definitions of key
concepts.

You might argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical approach or combine
various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your research.

5. Write your Literature Review:

Like any other academic text, your literature review should have an introduction, a main body,
and a conclusion. What you include in each depends on the objective of your literature review.

Introduction The Introduction part of the Review of Related Literature must establish a
brief and concise glimpse of what the variables are being focused in the
research endeavor. Moreover, it should clearly establish the focus and
 purpose of the literature review.

Body Paragraphs Depending on the length of your literature review, you might want to
divide the body into subsections. You can use a subheading for each theme,
time, or methodological approach.

As you write, you can follow these tips:

 Summarize and synthesize: give an overview of the main points of

each source and combine them into a coherent whole
 Analyze and interpret: don’t just paraphrase other researchers—add
your own interpretations where possible, discussing the
significance of findings in relation to the literature as a whole
 Critically evaluate: mention the strengths and weaknesses of your
sources
 Write in well-structured paragraphs: use transition words and topic
sentences to draw connections, comparisons and contrasts

Conclusion In the conclusion, you should summarize the key findings you have taken
from the literature and emphasize their significance.

IV. Activities

Direction: Individually, you will be tasked to search an academic article (research journal). Please be reminded
to follow the ethics of doing research (avoid plagiarism). Always take note of the Reference of your article. You
are tasked to highlight the key-points of the Article you have chooen.

V. Practical Application:

VI. References

McCombes, S. (2022, September 14). How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates.
Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/literature-review/.

Prepared by: Noted by:

Tristan Genesis N. Amistad, T-I Mr. Jonathan Barazona

Subject Teacher Master Teacher II