Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 Development Notes
Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 Development Notes
Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 Development Notes
Economics
Chapter 1
Development (Notes)
Development :-
For example: The developmental goals of a boy from a rich urban family would
be to get admission in a reputed college, whereas the developmental goals of a girl
from a rich urban family would be to get as much freedom as her brother.
Earning high income is a goal for development. But it is not the only goal. Apart
from income, people also consider other goals for development like equal treatment,
freedom, security and respect of others. Thus, for development they look at a mix of
goals.
National development :-
National development refers to the ability of a nation to improve the lives of its
citizens. Measures of improvement may be material, such as availability of
healthcare etc.
How to compare different countries or states :-
To compare two different countries or states, National Income and Per Capital
Income are two important pillars. These are as follows:
National Income refers to the income earned by the residents of that particular
country over a period of time.
Countries with higher national income are considered as developed countries for
e.g. USA, Germany and France. However, national income may not be a true
indicator to compare different countries because of population factor.
Average or per capita income is obtained by dividing the total income by the
population of the country to compare different countries.
World Bank Publishes World Development Report (WDR) every year to compare
the nations and the basis of per capita income.
Rich countries:- Countries with per capita income of US$ 49,300 per annum
and above in 2019, are called high income or rich countries
Low income countries :- Countries with per capita income of US$ 2500 or less
are called low-income countries.
Low middle income countries :- India comes in the category of low middle
income countries because its per capita income in 2019 was just US$ 6700 per
annum.
The development level should not be judged only on the income level, other
criteria should also be taken into consideration. e.g. Three states, Haryana, Kerala
and Bihar are compared as follows:
Net attendance
Per capita Infant Literacy
ratio (Per 1,000
income for mortality rate Rate %
State persons)
2017-2018 per 1,000 live ( 2017-
Secondary Stage
(Inr) births (2017) 2018 )
2017-2018
Haryana 2,36,147 30 82 61
Kerala 2,04,105 7 94 83
Bihar 40,982 32 62 43
Per Capita Income is highest in Haryana and lowest in Bihar which simply
indicates that earning opportunities are quite less in Bihar.
Infant mortality rate is lowest in Kerala which shows that better medical
facilities are present in Kerala in comparison to other two states.
Literacy rate is highest in Kerala and lowest in Bihar which shows that
better education opportunities are available in Kerala.
Net attendance ratio is also highest in Kerala and lowest in Bihar.
Infant Mortality Rate can be defined as total number of children that die before
the age of one year our of 1000 live children born in that particular year.
Literacy rate :-
Literacy rate can be defined as proportion of literate population in the age group
of 7 years & above.
Net attendance Ratio can be defined as the total number of children of 6-10
years age group attending school out of total no. of children in the same age group.
Public Facilities :-
Money in your pocket why cannot buy all the goods and services that
you may need to live well ?
Money cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.
Public Distribution System (PDS) is a system in which the poor people are
provided or supplied food grains at lower price compared to market price.
Some areas like Tamil Nadu has well-functioning PDS while some states like
Jharkhand and Bihar don’t have efficient Public Distribution System.
BMI can be calculated by taping the weight of a person (kgs) & height (mtr)
then divide the weight by the square of the height of a person. If the result is less
than 18.5 then person in under nourished & if more than 25, then person is over
weight.
It has also threatened the dream of the sustainable development because it has
created such type of environment which is harmful for the existence of future
generations.