Abnormal Psychology 7th Edition Nolen Hoeksema Test Bank

Abnormal Psychology 7th Edition
Nolen-Hoeksema Test Bank

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Abnormal Psychology 7th Edition Nolen-Hoeksema Test Bank
Chapter 02
Theories and Treatment of Abnormality
1. Which of the following best defines a theory?
A. A theory is a set of ideas that relate only to observed behaviors.
B. A theory is a treatment, usually based on a phenomenon, which addresses those factors that cause the phenomenon.
C. A theory is a set of ideas that bridges the gap between normal and abnormal behaviors.
D. A theory is a set of ideas that provides a framework for asking questions about a phenomenon and for gathering and interpreting information about
that phenomenon.
Page: 24
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the scientific method
Topic: Scientific Method
2. A _____ is a treatment, usually based on a theory of a phenomenon, that addresses those factors the theory says cause the phenomenon.
A. practice
B. modus operandi
C. therapy
D. hypothesis
Page: 24
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain how treatment is planned.
Topic: Treatment
3. A psychologist who applies a sociocultural approach to anxiety disorders would:

A. consider genetics as a likely explanation for anxiety.
B. consider the way cultural values or the social environment affect anxiety.
C. look for the causes of anxiety in people's beliefs, thought processes, life experiences, and relationships.
D. explain anxiety by taking into account a person's unconscious desires.
Page: 24
APA Outcome: 2.5 Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry.
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Assess the theories of the sociocultural perspective and identify treatments.
Topic: Anxiety Disorders
Topic: Sociocultural Approach
4. Maria and her parents recently moved to a new state because her mother received a job transfer. Maria has had difficulty adjusting to her new
school, and has been suffering from loss of appetite, irritability, and lack of interest in her usual activities. Assuming that Maria's behavior meets the
criteria for abnormal behavior, which of the following approaches would best explain Maria's behavior?
A. Psychological approach
B. Nature approach
C. Personal approach
D. Biological approach
Page: 36
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the perspectiv of abnormal psychology.
Topic: Psychological Perspective
5. Which of the following best describes the nature-nurture question of abnormality?

A. The nature-nurture question relies heavily on biological perspectives to address abnormal behaviors.
B. The nature-nurture question views abnormal behaviors exclusively from a sociological perspective.
C. The nature-nurture question integrates biological, psychological, and social approaches to abnormal behaviors.
D. The nature-nurture question supports the idea that psychological problems have must have a single cause
Page: 24
Bloom's: Understand
2-1
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Difficulty: Moderate
Topic: Nature vs. Nurture
6. Which of the following statements is true about the diathesis-stress model of the development of disorders?
A. A biological, psychological, or social vulnerability combines with a biological, psychological, or social trigger, causing a disorder to manifest.
B. An individual experiences a minimal amount of psychological and social stress that creates an atmosphere for the emergence of a disorder.
C. Biological factors and psychological factors interact and create social stressors that influence a disorder.
D. Psychological and social vulnerability are loosely associated with a specific disorder and biological factors are the main contributors to the
disorder.
Page: 25
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the biopsychosocial perspective.
Topic: Diathesis-Stress Model
7. Which of the following statements is true regarding the different approaches to abnormality and the continuum model?
A. People who favor a sociocultural approach generally embrace the continuum model because they view psychological disorders as vastly different
from normal functioning.
B. People who take a biological approach have traditionally accepted the continuum model of abnormality.
C. People who adopt a psychological approach have moved away from the continuum model of psychopathology in recent years.
D. Proponents of the sociocultural approach tend to view abnormal behaviors as understandable consequences of social stresses in people's lives.
Page: 24
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Approaches to Abnormal Psychology
8. The biological approach to abnormality focuses on all of the following causes of abnormality EXCEPT:
A. brain dysfunction.
B. genetic abnormalities.
C. biochemical imbalance.
D. poor physiological responses.
Page: 26
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Analyze the biological approach to abnormal psychology.
Topic: Biological Perspective
9. Which of the following statements is true about the various structures of the brain?
A. The pons control arousal and attention to stimuli.
B. The medulla is important for attentiveness and the timing of sleep.
C. The cerebellum helps control breathing and reflexes.
D. The superior colliculus and inferior colliculus relay sensory information and control movement.
Page: 27
Bloom's: Understand
10. The outer layer of the cerebrum is called the _____.

A. hippocampus
B. cerebral cortex
C. thalamus
D. cerebellum
Page: 27
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
2-2
11. The cerebral cortex is responsible for:
A. regulating sexual drive.
B. advanced thinking processes.
C. relaying messages to the brain.
D. impulse control.
Page: 27
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
12. Abnormality in eating, drinking, and sexual behavior is most likely a result of the dysfunction of the:
A. right frontal lobe.
B. cerebrum.
C. hypothalamus.
D. midbrain.
Page: 28
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
13. Which of the following statements is true of subcortical structures in the brain?
A. They contain the thalamus, which directs incoming information from sense receptors to the cerebrum.
B. They contain the hypothalamus, which is a large structure just above the thalamus that regulates instinctive behaviors.
C. They contain the hippocampus, a part of the limbic system, which plays a central role in emotions such as fear.
D. They contain the amygdala, a structure of the limbic system, which plays a role in memory.
Page: 28
Bloom's: Understand
14. Cindy's mood has become increasingly unstable since her traffic accident, in which she obtained a serious brain injury. She often experiences
bouts of aggression and fits of rage in reaction to the slightest provocation. At other times, she is overly passive and fails to recognize direct threats.
In which area of Cindy’s brain has the damage most likely occurred?
A. The temporal lobe
B. The limbic system
C. The cerebellum
D. The medulla
Page: 28
APA Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology.
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
15. Biochemicals that carry impulses from one neuron to another in the brain and in other parts of the nervous system are called _____.
A. hormones
B. neurotransmitters
C. electrical transmissions
D. synaptic responses
Page: 29
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
2-3
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no related content on Scribd:
The day following his advent into the camp of his fellow conspirators,
Wayne Colt wrote a long message in cipher and dispatched it to the
Coast by one of his boys. From her tent Zora Drinov had seen the
message given to the boy. She had seen him place it in the end of a
forked stick and start off upon his long journey. Shortly after, Colt joined
her in the shade of a great tree beside her tent.
"You sent a message this morning, Comrade Colt," she said.
He looked up at her quickly. "Yes," he replied.
"Perhaps you should know that only Comrade Zveri is permitted to send
messages from the expedition," she told him.
"I did not know," he said. "It was merely in relation to some funds that
were to have been awaiting me when I reached the Coast. They were not
there. I sent the boy back after them."
"Oh," she said, and then their conversation drifted to other topics.
That afternoon he took his rifle and went out to look for game and Zora
went with him, and that evening they had supper together again, but this
time she was the hostess. And so the days passed until an excited native
aroused the camp one day with an announcement that the expedition was
returning. No words were necessary to apprise those who had been left
behind that victory had not perched upon the banner of their little army.
Failure was clearly written upon the faces of the leaders. Zveri greeted
Zora and Colt, introducing the latter to his companions, and when Tony
had been similarly presented the returning warriors threw themselves
down upon cots or upon the ground to rest.
That night, as they gathered around the supper table, each party narrated
the adventures that had befallen them since the expedition had left camp.
Colt and Zora were thrilled by the stories of weird Opar, but no less
mysterious was their tale of the death of Raghunath Jafar and his burial
and uncanny resurrection.
"Not one of the boys would touch the body after that," said Zora. "Tony
and Comrade Colt had to bury him themselves."
"I hope you made a good job of it this time," said Miguel.
"He hasn't come back again," rejoined Colt with a grin.
"Who could have dug him up in the first place?" demanded Zveri.
"None of the boys certainly," said Zora. "They were all too much
frightened by the peculiar circumstances surrounding his death."
"It must have been the same creature that killed him," suggested Colt,
"and whoever or whatever it was must have been possessed of almost
superhuman strength to carry that heavy corpse into a tree and drop it
upon us."
"The most uncanny feature of it to me," said Zora, "is the fact that it was
accomplished in absolute silence. I'll swear that not even a leaf rustled
until just before the body hurtled down upon our table."
"It could have been only a man," said Zveri.
"Unquestionably," said Colt, "but what a man!"
As the company broke up later, repairing to their various tents, Zveri
detained Zora with a gesture. "I want to talk to you a minute, Zora," he
said, and the girl sank back into the chair she had just quitted. "What do
you think of this American? You have had a good opportunity to size
him up."
"He seems to be all right. He is a very likeable fellow," replied the girl.
"He said or did nothing, then, that might arouse your suspicion?"
demanded Zveri.
"No," said Zora, "nothing at all."
"You two have been alone here together for a number of days,"
continued Zveri. "Did he treat you with perfect respect?"
"He was certainly much more respectful than your friend, Raghunath
Jafar."
"Don't mention that dog to me," said Zveri. "I wish that I had been here
to kill him myself."
"I told him that you would when you got back, but some one beat you to
it."
They were silent for several moments. It was evident that Zveri was
trying to frame into words something that was upon his mind. At last he
spoke. "Colt is a very prepossessing young man. See that you don't fall
in love with him, Zora."
"And why not?" she demanded. "I have given my mind and my strength
and my talent to the cause and, perhaps, most of my heart. But there is a
corner of it that is mine to do with as I wish."
"You mean to say that you are in love with him?" demanded Zveri.
"Certainly not. Nothing of the kind. Such an idea had not entered my
head. I just want you to know, Peter, that in matters of this kind you may
not dictate to me."
"Listen, Zora. You know perfectly well that I love you, and what is more,
I am going to have you. I get what I go after."
"Don't bore me, Peter. I have no time for anything so foolish as love now.
When we are well through with this undertaking, perhaps I shall take the
time to give it a little thought."
"I want you to give it a lot of thought right now, Zora," he insisted.
"There are some details in relation to this expedition that I have not told
you. I have not divulged them to any one, but I am going to tell you now
because I love you and you are going to become my wife. There is more
at stake in this for us than you dream. After all the thought and all the
risks and all the hardships, I do not intend to surrender all of the power
and the wealth that I shall have gained to any one."
"You mean not even to the cause?" she asked.
"I mean not even to the cause, except that I shall use them both for the
cause."
"Then what do you intend? I do not understand you," she said.
"I intend to make myself Emperor of Africa," he declared, "and I intend
to make you my empress."
"Peter!" she cried. "Are you crazy?"
"Yes, I am crazy for power, for riches, and for you."
"You can never do it, Peter. You know how far-reaching are the tentacles
of the power we serve. If you fail it, if you turn traitor, those tentacles
will reach you and drag you down to destruction."
"When I win my goal, my power will be as great as theirs, and then I
may defy them."
"But how about these others with us, who are serving loyally the cause
which they think you represent? They will tear you to pieces, Peter."
The man laughed. "You do not know them, Zora. They are all alike. All
men and women are alike. If I offered to make them Grand Dukes and
give them each a palace and a harem, they would slit their own mothers'
throats to obtain such a prize."
The girl arose. "I am astounded, Peter. I thought that you, at least, were
sincere."
He arose quickly and grasped her by the arm. "Listen, Zora," he hissed in
her ear, "I love you, and because I love you I have put my life in your
hands. But understand this, if you betray me, no matter how well I love
you, I shall kill you. Do not forget that."
"You did not have to tell me that, Peter. I was perfectly well aware of it."
"And you will not betray me?" he demanded.
"I never betray a friend, Peter," she said.
The next morning Zveri was engaged in working out the details of a
second expedition to Opar based upon Romero's suggestions. It was
decided that this time they would call for volunteers; and as the
Europeans, the two Americans and the Filipino had already indicated
their willingness to take part in the adventure, it remained now only to
seek to enlist the services of some of the blacks and Aarabs, and for this
purpose Zveri summoned the entire company to a palaver. Here he
explained just what they purposed doing. He stressed the fact that
Comrade Romero had seen the inhabitants of the city and that they were
only members of a race of stunted savages, armed only with sticks.
Eloquently he explained how easily they might be overcome with rifles.
Practically the entire party was willing to go as far as the walls of Opar;
but there were only ten warriors who would agree to enter the city with
the white men, and all of these were from the askaris who had been left
behind to guard camp and from those who had accompanied Colt from
the Coast, none of whom had been subjected to the terrors of Opar. Not
one of those who had heard the weird screams issuing from the ruins
would agree to enter the city, and it was admitted among the whites that
it was not at all unlikely that their ten volunteers might suddenly develop
a change of heart when at last they stood before the frowning portals of
Opar and heard the weird warning cry from its defenders.
Several days were spent in making careful preparations for the new
expedition, but at last the final detail was completed; and early one
morning Zveri and his followers set out once more upon the trail to Opar.
Zora Drinov had wished to accompany them, but as Zveri was expecting
messages from a number of his various agents throughout Northern
Africa, it had been necessary to leave her behind. Abu Batn and his
warriors were left to guard the camp, and these, with a few black
servants, were all who did not accompany the expedition.
Since the failure of the first expedition and the fiasco at the gates of
Opar, the relations of Abu Batn and Zveri had been strained. The sheykh
and his warriors, smarting under the charges of cowardice, had kept
more to themselves than formerly; and though they would not volunteer
to enter the city of Opar, they still resented the affront of their selection
to remain behind as camp guards; and so it was that as the others
departed, the Aarabs sat in the múk'aad of their sheykh's beyt es-sh'ar,
whispering over their thick coffee, their swart scowling faces half hidden
by their thorrîbs.
They did not deign even to glance at their departing comrades, but the
eyes of Abu Batn were fixed upon the slender figure of Zora Drinov as
the sheykh sat in silent meditation.
VI
BETRAYED
The heart of little Nkima had been torn by conflicting emotions, as from
the vantage point of the summit of the rocky hillock he had watched the
departure of Miguel Romero from the city of Opar. Seeing these brave
Tarmangani, armed with death-dealing thundersticks, driven away from
the ruins, he was convinced that something terrible must have befallen
his master within the grim recesses of that crumbling pile. His loyal heart
prompted him to return and investigate, but Nkima was only a very little
Manu—a little Manu who was very much afraid; and though he started
twice again toward Opar, he could not muster his courage to the sticking
point; and at last, whimpering pitifully, he turned back across the plains
toward the grim forest, where, at least, the dangers were familiar ones.
The door of the gloomy chamber which Tarzan had entered swung
inward, and his hands were still upon it as the menacing roar of the lion
apprised him of the danger of his situation. Agile and quick is Numa, the
lion, but with even greater celerity functioned the mind and muscles of
Tarzan of the Apes. In the instant that the lion sprang toward him a
picture of the whole scene flashed to the mind of the ape-man. He saw
the gnarled priests of Opar advancing along the corridor in pursuit of
him. He saw the heavy door that swung inward. He saw the charging
lion, and he pieced these various factors together to create a situation far
more to his advantage than they normally presented. Drawing the door
quickly inward, he stepped behind it as the lion charged, with the result
that the beast, either carried forward by his own momentum or sensing
escape, sprang into the corridor full in the faces of the advancing priests,
and at the same instant Tarzan closed the door behind him.
Just what happened in the corridor without he could not see, but from the
growls and screams that receded quickly into the distance he was able to
draw a picture that brought a quiet smile to his lips; and an instant later a
piercing shriek of agony and terror announced the fate of at least one of
the fleeing Oparians.
Realizing that he would gain nothing by remaining where he was, Tarzan
decided to leave the cell and seek a way out of the labyrinthine mazes of
the pits beneath Opar. He knew that the lion upon its prey would
doubtless bar his passage along the route he had been following when his
escape had been interrupted by the priests and though, as a last resort, he
might face Numa, he was of no mind to invite such an unnecessary risk;
but when he sought to open the heavy door he found that he could not
budge it, and in an instant he realized what had happened and that he was
now in prison once again in the dungeons of Opar.
The bar that secured this particular door was not of the sliding type but,
working upon a pin at the inner end, dropped into heavy wrought iron
keepers bolted to the door itself and to its frame. When he had entered,
he had raised the bar, which had dropped into place of its own weight
when the door slammed to, imprisoning him as effectually as though the
work had been done by the hand of man.
The darkness of the corridor without was less intense than that of the
passage upon which his former cell had been located; and though not
enough light entered the cell to illuminate its interior, there was sufficient
to show him the nature of the ventilating opening in the door, which he
found to consist of a number of small round holes, none of which was of
sufficient diameter to permit him to pass his hand through in an attempt
to raise the bar.
As Tarzan stood in momentary contemplation of his new predicament,
the sound of stealthy movement came to him from the black recesses at
the rear of the cell. He wheeled quickly, drawing his hunting knife from
its sheath. He did not have to ask himself what the author of this sound
might be, for he knew that the only other living creature that might have
occupied this cell with its former inmate was another lion. Why it had
not joined in the attack upon him, he could not guess, but that it would
eventually seize him was a foregone conclusion. Perhaps even now it
was preparing to sneak upon him. He wished that his eyes might
penetrate the darkness, for if he could see the lion as it charged he might
be better prepared to meet it. In the past he had met the charges of other
lions, but always before he had been able to see their swift spring and to
elude the sweep of their mighty talons as they reared upon their hind legs
to seize him. Now it would be different, and for once in his life, Tarzan
of the Apes felt death was inescapable. He knew that his time had come.
He was not afraid. He simply knew that he did not wish to die and that
the price at which he would sell his life would cost his antagonist dearly.
In silence he waited. Again he heard that faint, yet ominous sound. The
foul air of the cell reeked with the stench of the carnivores. From
somewhere in a distant corridor he heard the growling of a lion at its kill;
and then a voice broke the silence.
"Who are you?" it asked. It was the voice of a woman, and it came from
the back of the cell in which the ape-man was imprisoned.
"Where are you?" demanded Tarzan.
"I am here at the back of the cell," replied the woman.
"Where is the lion?"
"He went out when you opened the door," she replied.
"Yes, I know," said Tarzan, "but the other one. Where is he?"
"There is no other one. There was but one lion here and it is gone. Ah,
now I know you!" she exclaimed. "I know the voice. It is Tarzan of the
Apes."
"La!" exclaimed the ape-man, advancing quickly across the cell. "How
could you be here with the lion and still live?"
"I am in an adjoining cell that is separated from this one by a door made
of iron bars," replied La. Tarzan heard metal hinges creak. "It is not
locked," she said. "It was not necessary to lock it, for it opens into this
other cell where the lion was."
Groping forward through the dark, the two advanced until their hands
touched one another.
La pressed close to the man. She was trembling. "I have been afraid," she
said, "but I shall not be afraid now."
"I shall not be of much help to you," said Tarzan. "I also am a prisoner.
"I know it," replied La, "but I always feel safe when you are near."
"Tell me what has happened," demanded Tarzan. "How is it that Oah is
posing as high priestess and you a prisoner in your own dungeons?"
"I forgave Oah her former treason when she conspired with Cadj to wrest
my power from me," explained La, "but she could not exist without
intrigue and duplicity. To further her ambitions, she made love to Dooth,
who has been high priest since Jad-bal-ja killed Cadj. They spread stories
about me through the city; and as my people have never forgiven me for
my friendship for you, they succeeded in winning enough to their cause
to overthrow and imprison me. All the ideas were Oah's, for Dooth and
the other priests, as you well know, are stupid beasts. It was Oah's idea to
imprison me thus with a lion for company, merely to make my suffering
more terrible, until the time should come when she might prevail upon
the priests to offer me in sacrifice to the Flaming God. In that she has
had some difficulty, I know, as those who had brought my food have told
me."
"How could they bring food to you here?" asked Tarzan. "No one could
pass through the outer cell while the lion was there."
"There is another opening in the lion's cell, that leads into a low, narrow
corridor into which they can drop meat from above. Thus they would
entice the lion from this outer cell, after which they would lower a gate
of iron bars across the opening of the small corridor into which he went,
and while he was thus imprisoned they brought my food to me. But they
did not feed him much. He was always hungry and often growling and
pawing at the bars of my cell. Perhaps Oah hoped that some day he
would batter them down."
"Where does this other corridor, in which they fed the lion, lead?" asked
Tarzan.
"I do not know," replied La, "but I imagine that it is only a blind tunnel
built in ancient times for this very purpose."
"We must have a look at it," said Tarzan. "It may offer a means of
escape."
"Why not escape through the door by which you entered?" asked La; and
when the ape-man had explained why this was impossible, she pointed
out the location of the entrance to the small tunnel.
"We must get out of here as quickly as possible, if it is possible at all,"
said Tarzan, "for if they are able to capture the lion, they will certainly
return him to this cell."
"They will capture him," said La. "There is no question as to that."
"Then I had better hurry and make my investigation of the tunnel, for it
might prove embarrassing were they to return him to the cell while I was
in the tunnel, if it proved to be a blind one."
"I will listen at the outer door while you investigate," offered La. "Make
haste."
Groping his way toward the section of the wall that La had indicated,
Tarzan found a heavy grating of iron closing an aperture leading into a
low and narrow corridor. Lifting the barrier, Tarzan entered and with his
hands extended before him moved forward in a crouching position, since
the low ceiling would not permit him to stand erect. He had progressed
but a short distance when he discovered that the corridor made an abrupt
right-angle turn to the left, and beyond the turn he saw at a short distance
a faint luminosity. Moving quickly forward, he came to the end of the
corridor, at the bottom of a vertical shaft, the interior of which was
illuminated by subdued daylight. The shaft was constructed of the usual
rough-hewn granite of the foundation walls of the city, but here set with
no great nicety or precision, giving the interior of the shaft a rough and
uneven surface.
As Tarzan was examining it, he heard La's voice coming along the tunnel
from the cell in which he had left her. Her tone was one of excitement,
and her message one that presaged a situation wrought with extreme
danger to them both.
"Make haste, Tarzan. They are returning with the lion!"
The ape-man hurried quickly back to the mouth of the tunnel.
"Quick!" he cried to La, as he raised the gate that had fallen behind him
after he had passed through.
"In there?" she demanded in an affrighted voice.
"It is our only chance of escape," replied the ape-man.
Without another word La crowded into the corridor beside him. Tarzan
lowered the grating and, with La following closely behind him, returned
to the opening leading into the shaft. Without a word, he lifted La in his
arms and raised her as high as he could, nor did she need to be told what
to do. With little difficulty she found both hand and footholds upon the
rough surface of the interior of the shaft, and with Tarzan just below her,
assisting and steadying her, she made her way slowly aloft.
The shaft led directly upward into a room in the tower, which overlooked
the entire city of Opar; and here, concealed by the crumbling walls, they
paused to formulate their plans.
They both knew that their greatest danger lay in discovery by one of the
numerous monkeys infesting the ruins of Opar, with which the
inhabitants of the city are able to converse. Tarzan was anxious to be
away from Opar that he might thwart the plans of the white men who had
invaded his domain. But first he wished to bring about the downfall of
La's enemies and reinstate her upon the throne of Opar, or if that should
prove impossible, to insure the safety of her flight.
As he viewed her now in the light of day he was struck again by the
matchlessness of her deathless beauty that neither time, nor care, nor
danger seemed capable of dimming, and he wondered what he should do
with her; where he could take her; where this savage priestess of the
Flaming God could find a place in all the world, outside the walls of
Opar, with the environments of which she would harmonize. And as he
pondered, he was forced to admit to himself that no such place existed.
La was of Opar, a savage queen born to rule a race of savage half-men.
As well introduce a tigress to the salons of civilization as La of Opar.
Two or three thousand years earlier she might have been a Cleopatra or a
Sheba, but today she could be only La of Opar.
For some time they had sat in silence, the beautiful eyes of the high
priestess resting upon the profile of the forest god. "Tarzan!" she said.
The man looked up. "What is it, La?" he asked.
"I still love you, Tarzan," she said in a low voice.
A troubled expression came into the eyes of the ape-man. "Let us not
speak of that."
"I like to speak of it," she murmured. "It gives me sorrow, but it is a
sweet sorrow—the only sweetness that has ever come into my life."
Tarzan extended a bronzed hand and laid it upon her slender, tapering
fingers. "You have always possessed my heart, La," he said, "up to the
point of love. If my affection goes no further than this, it is through no
fault of mine nor yours."
La laughed. "It is certainly through no fault of mine, Tarzan," she said,
"but I know that such things are not ordered by ourselves. Love is a gift
of the gods. Sometimes it is awarded as a recompense; sometimes as a
punishment. For me it has been a punishment, perhaps, but I would not
have it otherwise. I had nurtured it in my breast since first I met you; and
without that love, however hopeless it may be, I should not care to live."
Tarzan made no reply, and the two relapsed into silence, waiting for
night to fall that they might descend into the city unobserved. Tarzan's
alert mind was occupied with plans for reinstating La upon her throne,
and presently they fell to discussing these.
"Just before the Flaming God goes to his rest at night," said La, "the
priests and the priestesses all gather in the throne room. There they will
be tonight before the throne upon which Oah will be seated. Then may
we descend to the city."
"And then what?" asked Tarzan.
"If we can kill Oah in the throne room," said La, "and Dooth at the same
time, they would have no leaders; and without leaders they are lost."
"I cannot kill a woman," said Tarzan.
"I can," returned La, "and you can attend to Dooth. You certainly would
not object to killing him?"
"If he attacked, I would kill him," said Tarzan, "but not otherwise. Tarzan
of the Apes kills only in self-defense and for food, or when there is no
other way to thwart an enemy."
In the floor of the ancient room in which they were waiting were two
openings; one was the mouth of the shaft through which they had
ascended from the dungeons, the other opened into a similar but larger
shaft, to the bottom of which ran a long wooden ladder set in the
masonry of its sides. It was this shaft which offered them a means of
escape from the tower, and as Tarzan sat with his eyes resting idly upon
the opening, an unpleasant thought suddenly obtruded itself upon his
consciousness.
He turned toward La. "We had forgotten," he said, "that whoever casts
the meat down the shaft to the lion must ascend by this other shaft. We
may not be as safe from detection here as we had hoped."
"They do not feed the lion very often," said La; "not every day."
"When did they feed him last?" asked Tarzan.
"I do not recall," said La. "Time drags so heavily in the darkness of the
cell that I lost count of days."
"S-st!" cautioned Tarzan. "Someone is ascending now."
Silently the ape-man arose and crossed the floor to the opening, where he
crouched upon the side opposite the ladder. La moved stealthily to his
side, so that the ascending man, whose back would be toward them, as he
emerged from the shaft, would not see them. Slowly the man ascended.
They could hear his shuffling progress coming nearer and nearer to the
top. He did not climb as the ape-like priests of Opar are wont to climb.
Tarzan thought perhaps he was carrying a load either of such weight or
cumbersomeness as to retard his progress, but when finally his head
came into view the ape-man saw that he was an old man, which
accounted for his lack of agility; and then powerful fingers closed about
the throat of the unsuspecting Oparian, and he was lifted bodily out of
the shaft.
"Silence!" said the ape-man. "Do as you are told and you will not be
harmed."
La had snatched a knife from the girdle of their victim, and now Tarzan
forced him to the floor of the room and slightly released his hold upon
the fellow's throat, turning him around so that he faced them.
An expression of incredulity and surprise crossed the face of the old
priest as his eyes fell upon La.
"Darus!" exclaimed La.
"All honor to the Flaming God who has ordered your escape!" exclaimed
the priest.
La turned to Tarzan. "You need not fear Darus," she said; "he will not
betray us. Of all the priests of Opar, there never lived one more loyal to
his queen."
"That is right," said the old man, shaking his head.
"Are there many more loyal to the high priestess, La?" demanded Tarzan.
"Yes, very many," replied Darus, "but they are afraid. Oah is a she-devil
and Dooth is a fool. Between the two of them there is no longer either
safety or happiness in Opar."
"How many are there whom you absolutely know may be depended
upon?" demanded La.
"Oh, very many," replied Darus.
"Gather them in the throne room tonight then, Darus; and as the Flaming
God goes to his couch, be ready to strike at the enemies of La, your
priestess."
"You will be there?" asked Darus.
"I shall be there," replied La. "This, your dagger, shall be the signal.
When you see La of Opar plunge it into the breast of Oah, the false
priestess, fall upon those who are the enemies of La."
"It shall be done, just as you say," Darus assured her, "and now I must
throw this meat to the lion and be gone."
Slowly the old priest descended the ladder, gibbering and muttering to
himself, after he had cast a few bones and scraps of meat into the other
shaft to the lion.
"You are quite sure you can trust him, La?" demanded Tarzan.
"Absolutely," replied the girl. "Darus would die for me, and I know that
he hates Oah and Dooth."
The slow remaining hours of the afternoon dragged on, the sun was low
in the west, and now the two must take their greatest risk, that of
descending into the city while it was still light and making their way to
the throne room, although the risk was greatly minimized by the fact that
the inhabitants of the city were all supposed to be congregated in the
throne room at this time, performing the age-old rite with which they
speeded the Flaming God to his night of rest. Without interruption they
descended to the base of the tower, crossed the courtyard and entered the
temple. Here, through devious and round-about passages, La led the way
to a small doorway that opened into the throne room at the back of the
dais upon which the throne stood. Here she paused, listening to the
services being conducted within the great chamber, waiting for the cue
that would bring them to a point when all within the room, except the
high priestess, were prostrated with their faces pressed against the floor.
When that instant arrived, La swung open the door and leaped silently
upon the dais behind the throne in which her victim sat. Close behind her
came Tarzan, and in that first instant both realized that they had been
betrayed, for the dais was swarming with priests ready to seize them.
Already one had caught La by an arm, but before he could drag her away
Tarzan sprang upon him, seized him by the neck and jerked his head
backward so suddenly and with such force that the sound of his snapping
vertebra could be heard across the room. Then he raised the body high
above his head and cast it into the faces of the priests charging upon him.
As they staggered back, he seized La and swung her into the corridor
along which they had approached the throne room.
It was useless to stand and fight, for he knew that even though he might
hold his own for awhile, they must eventually overcome him and that
once they laid their hands upon La they would tear her limb from limb.
Down the corridor behind them came the yelling horde of priests, and in
their wake, screaming for the blood of her victim, was Oah.
"Make for the outer walls by the shortest route, La," directed Tarzan, and
the girl sped on winged feet, leading him through the labyrinthine
corridors of the ruins, until they broke suddenly into the chamber of the
seven pillars of gold, and then Tarzan knew the way.
No longer needing his guide, and realizing that the priests were
overtaking them, being fleeter of foot than La, he swept the girl into his
arms and sped through the echoing chambers of the temple toward the
inner wall. Through that, across the courtyard and through the outer wall
they passed, and still the priests pursued, urged on by screaming Oah.
Out across the deserted valley they fled; and now the priests were losing
ground, for their short, crooked legs could not compete with the speed of
Tarzan's clean limbed stride, even though he was burdened by the weight
of La.
The sudden darkness of the near tropics that follows the setting of the
sun soon obliterated the pursuers from their sight; and a short time
thereafter the sounds of pursuit ceased, and Tarzan knew that the chase
had been abandoned, for the men of Opar have no love for the darkness
of the outer world.
Then Tarzan paused and lowered La to the ground; but as he did so her
soft arms encircled his neck and she pressed close to him, her cheek
against his breast, and burst into tears.
"Do not cry, La," he said. "We shall come again to Opar, and when we do
you shall be seated upon your throne again.
"I am not crying for that," she replied.
"Then why do you cry?" he asked.
"I am crying for joy," she said, "joy that perhaps I shall be alone with
you now for a long time."
In pity, Tarzan pressed her to him for a moment, and then they set off
once more toward the barrier cliff.
That night they slept in a great tree in the forest at the foot of the cliff,
after Tarzan had constructed a rude couch for La between two branches,
while he settled himself in a crotch of the tree a few feet below her.
It was dawn when Tarzan awoke. The sky was overcast, and he sensed
an approaching storm. No food had passed his lips for many hours, and
he knew that La had not eaten since the morning of the previous day.
Food, therefore, was a prime essential and he must find it and return to
La before the storm broke. Since it was meat that he craved, he knew that
he must be able to make fire and cook it before La could eat it, though he
himself still preferred it raw. He looked into La's cot and saw that she
was still asleep. Knowing that she must be exhausted from all that she
had passed through the previous day, he let her sleep on; and swinging to
a nearby tree, he set out upon his search for food.
As he moved up wind through the middle terrace, every faculty of his
delicately attuned senses was alert. Like the lion, Tarzan particularly
relished the flesh of Pacco, the zebra, but either Bara, the antelope, or
Horta, the boar, would have proven an acceptable substitute; but the
forest seemed to be deserted by every member of the herds he sought.
Only the scent spoor of the great cats assailed his nostrils, mingled with
the lesser and more human odor of Manu, the monkey. Time means little
to a hunting beast. It meant little to Tarzan, who, having set out in search
of meat, would return only when he had found meat.
When La awakened, it was some time before she could place her
surroundings; but when she did, a slow smile of happiness and
contentment parted her lovely lips, revealing an even row of perfect
teeth. She sighed, and then she whispered the name of the man she loved.
"Tarzan!" she called.
There was no reply. Again she spoke his name, but this time louder, and
again the only answer was silence. Slightly troubled, she arose upon an
elbow and leaned over the side of her sleeping couch. The tree beneath
her was empty.
She thought, correctly, that perhaps he had gone to hunt, but still she was
troubled by his absence, and the longer she waited the more troubled she
became. She knew that he did not love her and that she must be a burden
to him. She knew, too, that he was as much a wild beast as the lions of
the forest and that the same desire for freedom, which animated them,
must animate him. Perhaps he had been unable to withstand the
temptation longer and while she slept, he had left her.
There was not a great deal in the training or ethics of La of Opar that
could have found exception to such conduct, for the life of her people
was a life of ruthless selfishness and cruelty. They entertained few of the
finer sensibilities of civilized man, or the great nobility of character that
marked so many of the wild beasts. Her love for Tarzan had been the
only soft spot in La's savage life, and realizing that she would think
nothing of deserting a creature she did not love, she was fair enough to
cast no reproaches upon Tarzan for having done the thing that she might
have done, nor to her mind did it accord illy with her conception of his
nobility of character.
As she descended to the ground, she sought to determine some plan of
action for the future, and in this moment of her loneliness and depression
she saw no alternative but to return to Opar, and so it was toward the city
of her birth that she turned her steps; but she had not gone far before she
realized the danger and futility of this plan, which could but lead to
certain death while Oah and Dooth ruled in Opar. She felt bitterly toward
Darus, who she believed had betrayed her; and accepting his treason as
an index of what she might expect from others whom she had believed to
be friendly to her, she realized the utter hopelessness of regaining the
throne of Opar without outside help. La had no happy life to which she
might look forward; but the will to live was yet strong within her, the
result more, perhaps, of the courageousness of her spirit than of any fear
of death, which, to her, was but another word for defeat.
She paused in the trail that she had reached a short distance from the tree
in which she had spent the night; and there, with almost nothing to guide
her, she sought to determine in what direction she should break a new
trail into the future, for wherever she went, other than back to Opar, it
would be a new trail, leading among peoples and experiences as foreign
to her as though she had suddenly stepped from another planet, or from
the long-lost continent of her progenitors.
It occurred to her that perhaps there might be other people in this strange
world as generous and chivalrous as Tarzan. At least in this direction
there lay hope. In Opar there was none, and so she turned back away
from Opar; and above her black clouds rolled and billowed as the storm
king marshalled his forces, and behind her a tawny beast with gleaming
eyes slunk through the underbrush beside the trail that she followed.
VII
IN FUTILE SEARCH
Tarzan of the Apes, ranging far in search of food, caught at length the
welcome scent of Horta, the boar. The man paused and, with a deep and
silent inhalation, filled his lungs with air until his great bronzed chest
expanded to the full. Already he was tasting the fruits of victory. The red
blood coursed through his veins, as every fiber of his being reacted to the
exhilaration of the moment—the keen delight of the hunting beast that
has scented its quarry. And then swiftly and silently he sped in the
direction of his prey.
Presently he came upon it, a young tusker, powerful and agile, his
wicked tusks gleaming as he tore bark from a young tree. The ape-man
was poised just above him, concealed by the foliage of a great tree.
A vivid flash of lightning broke from the billowing black clouds above.
Thunder crashed and boomed. The storm broke, and at the same instant
the man launched himself downward upon the back of the unsuspecting
boar, in one hand the hunting knife of his long-dead sire.
The weight of the man's body crushed the boar to the earth, and before it
could struggle to its feet again, the keen blade had severed its jugular. Its
life blood gushing from the wound, the boar sought to rise and turn to
fight; but the steel thews of the ape-man dragged it down, and an instant
later, with a last convulsive shudder, Horta died.
Leaping to his feet, Tarzan placed a foot upon the carcass of his kill and,
raising his face to the heavens, gave voice to the victory cry of the bull-
ape.
Faintly to the ears of marching men came the hideous scream. The
blacks in the party halted, wide-eyed.
"What the devil was that?" demanded Zveri.
"It sounded like a panther," said Colt.
"That was no panther," said Kitembo. "It was the cry of a bull-ape who
has made a kill, or—"
"Or what?" demanded Zveri.
Kitembo looked fearfully in the direction from which the sound had
come. "Let us get away from here," he said.
Again the lightning flashed and the thunder crashed, and as the torrential
rain deluged them, the party staggered on in the direction of the barrier
cliffs of Opar.
Cold and wet, La of Opar crouched beneath a great tree that only
partially protected her almost naked body from the fury of the storm, and
in the dense underbrush a few yards from her a tawny carnivore lay with
unblinking eyes fixed steadily upon her.
The storm, titanic in its brief fury, passed on, leaving the deep worn trail
a tiny torrent of muddy water; and La, thoroughly chilled, hastened
onward in an effort to woo new warmth to her chilled body.
She knew that trails must lead somewhere, and in her heart she hoped
that this one would lead to the country of Tarzan. If she could live there,
seeing him occasionally, she would be content. Even knowing that he
was near her would be better than nothing. Of course she had no
conception of the immensity of the world she trod. A knowledge of even
the extent of the forest that surrounded her would have appalled her. In
her imagination she visualized a small world, dotted with the remains of
ruined cities like Opar, in which dwelt creatures like those she had
known; gnarled and knotted men like the priests of Opar, white men like
Tarzan, black men such as she had seen, and great shaggy gorillas like
Bolgani, who had ruled in the Valley of the Palace of Diamonds.
And thinking these thoughts, she came at last to a clearing into which the
unbroken rays of the warm sun poured without interruption. Near the
center of the clearing was a small boulder; and toward this she made her
way with the intention of basking in the warm rays of the sun until she
should be thoroughly dried and warmed, for the dripping foliage of the
forest had kept her wet and cold even after the rain had ceased.
As she seated herself she saw a movement at the edge of the clearing
ahead of her, and an instant later a great leopard bounded into view. The
beast paused at sight of the woman, evidently as much surprised as she;
and then, apparently realizing the defenselessness of this unexpected

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3. A psychologist who applies a sociocultural approach to anxiety disorders would:

5. Which of the following best describes the nature-nurture question of abnormality?

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10. The outer layer of the cerebrum is called the _____.

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