Ceramics Lab 2

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Group 3
Ceramics Lab 2
Institute of Space Technology Dept. of Materials Science &

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Course Title: Ceramics Lab

Submitted To: Sir Luqman Hashmi
Submitted By: M. Abtahee (200301032)
Laiba Noor (200301023)
M. Zeeshan (200301031)
Laila Maryam (200301029)
Subhan Hassan (200301026)
Class: BE-13A MS&E

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March 30th 2022
Table Of Contents
1. Abstract………………………………………………………3
2. Introduction………………………………………………….3
3. Experiment Procedure………………………………………4
4. Table………………………………………………………….5
5. Graph…………………………………………………………6
6. Uncertainty in Process………………………………………6
7. Conclusion……………………………………………………7
8. References……………………………………………………8

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1. Abstract:
The Particle Size Analysis is performed to identify the particle size distribution in the
powder. For this the device used is known as Particle Size Analyzer. This is the chemical
method in which the powder is dispersed in the solvent and then the laser is placed in the
solvent which gives the various size distributions in the form of concentration in
computer system. The laser light passes through the different particles and after striking
goes back to the system and gives us information about the size.
2. INTRODUCTION:
In this experiment we are using Particle size analyzer 3000 to measure the particle size
and the distribution of material. Laser diffraction technique is used in this experiment.
When the laser beam passes through the sample, we measure the intensity of light
scattered in this process. The data obtained in this process is then analyzed to determine
the particle size. These processes apply to many areas in research and development,
production and quality control and product testing. Various technologies allow for the
analysis of various sizes, from powder particles, liquids, aerosols or other types, as well as
materials ranging from soil, paint and cosmetics to nasal sprays and proteins. It is very
popular because it can be used in many types of samples, including dry powders,
suspensions, emulsions and aerosols. And it is a very fast, reliable and productive method
and can measure a very wide size range.

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Fig.1 Apparatus used
3. Experiment Procedure:
Following is the procedure to determine the particle size of a sample using LASER
DIFFRACTION PARTICLE SIZE ANALYZER.
Sample tray and hopper can be configured to control the flow of different types of samples.
Other sample trays are available to handle smaller sample volumes. The laser beam passes
through the particulate sample. A series of detectors determine the intensity of light
scattered by the particles. Once the sample feed starts the Mastersizer software
automatically triggers the measurement. Live reporting of the sample is then provided so you
can be sure that the measurement is operating optimally. The measurement runs until all of
the sample is measured ensuring representative results are obtained. Once the measurement is
complete the results can be displayed within the software’s record view.
Fig.2 Particle size analyzer 3000(by Mastersizer)

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In wet measurement a carrier liquid is introduced the moves in a closed loop. The liquid can
be water, oil, or any organic solvent depending upon the sample being used.For wet
measurement the particles of the sample must remain in the tank with the carrier liquid, which
means the sample must be dispersed in the carrier liquid, instead of dissolving.For
experimentation we need to set following parameters on the analyzer machine: Stirring and
Pumping rate, Ultrasound, Analysis type, etc.The user is advised to introduce the sample
powder in the sample tank one by one , up till a required concentration.The machine then
using XRD Technique provides us with data graphs that help In deducing the results .
4. Table:
Size (μm) 0.01 0.0679 0.243 0.405 2.13 1.13 0.46 0.594 1.65
% 0 0.35 0.56 0.26 0 3.12 1.13 3.17 0.54

Volume
In
5. Graph:
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 A particle size analyzer works upon the principle of laser diffraction technology.
 It provides accurate measurements up to 2.5mm-40nm, particle size.
 It can provide wet and dry measurements for liquid or dry samples.
6. UNCERTAINITIES
ALEOTRY UNCERTAINITY (variability, irreducible)
 Inherent variations of the system
 It can be mathematically molded using probability theory
EPISTIMIC UNCERTAINITY(REDUCABLE)
 Incomplete information
 Lack of knowledge
 Not enough information about experiment
 Glitch in software installed
 Different mathematical models
SYSTEMIC ERROR

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7. CONCLUSION:
The production of the latest ceramic parts mainly depends on the material of the powdered
ceramic and how they disperse during the green formation. One of the most important
parameters for quality control is the size of the ceramic particles and the size distribution.
Particle size helps to define the time and temperature required to achieve full density during
heating. If the particles are thin, the surface area becomes larger and the immersion time
becomes shorter. Many different techniques have been used to study the size distribution of
ceramic powder particles. In this case, the laser diffraction technology used in particle size
analyzer offers different advantages due to ease of use and faster analysis time. Accurate
measurement of the size distribution of ceramic powder particles is important in making
modern ceramic components. Particle size analyzer has proven to be very sensitive to the
presence of very large particles in the tested clay particles. Something very significant was
found in the low concentration used in the experiments described here. Therefore, this
process is an important tool for determining the particle size and agglutination state of
ceramic powder. This reduces the formation of the element and allows for consistent
production of ceramic parts.
8. REFRENCE:
1. Dishman, Karla. (2006). Sieving in Particle Size Analysis.
10.1002/9780470027318.a1514.
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2. Xhaxhiu, Kledi. (2015). Particle size analysis and distribution.

10.13140/RG.2.2.23011.86564.
3. Singh, Mukesh & Singh, Annika. (2022). Particle size analysis.
10.1016/B978-0-12-823986-5.00009-9.
4. Wedd, M. & Ward-Smith, S. & Rawle, A.. (2018). Particle Size Analysis.
10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.14522-6.
5. Wills, Barry & Finch, James. (2016). Particle Size Analysis. 10.1016/B978-0-
08-097053-0.00004-2.
6. Heywood, H.. (1970). The origins and development of particle size analysis,
Particle Size Analysis. Soc. Anal. Chem..
7. Queiroz, Alexandre & Junior, F. & Oliveira, L. & Lopes, A. & Nascimento,
Ícaro & Alencar, Thiago & Assis, Raimundo & Mota, Jaedson. (2022).
Elementary mass for the particle-size analysis. Communications in Soil
Science and Plant Analysis. 53. 1-7. 10.1080/00103624.2022.2028813.
8. Staniforth, J.N. & Aulton, M.E.. (2007). Particle size analysis. Aultons
Harmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines. 122-129.

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Institute of Space Technology Dept. of Materials Science &

Course Title: Ceramics Lab

Institute of Space Technology Dept. of Materials Science &

March 30th 2022

Institute of Space Technology Dept. of Materials Science &

and can measure a very wide size range.

Institute of Space Technology Dept. of Materials Science &

Fig.1 Apparatus used

DIFFRACTION PARTICLE SIZE ANALYZER.

Fig.2 Particle size analyzer 3000(by Mastersizer)

% 0 0.35 0.56 0.26 0 3.12 1.13 3.17 0.54

 It provides accurate measurements up to 2.5mm-40nm, particle size.

ALEOTRY UNCERTAINITY (variability, irreducible)

 Inherent variations of the system

 It can be mathematically molded using probability theory

 Not enough information about experiment

 Glitch in software installed

 Different mathematical models

Institute of Space Technology Dept. of Materials Science &

measurement of the size distribution of ceramic powder particles is important in making

production of ceramic parts.

2. Xhaxhiu, Kledi. (2015). Particle size analysis and distribution.

Institute of Space Technology Dept. of Materials Science &

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