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    Lesson 1 Meaning and Relevance of History

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    Jaime Cipriano
    The document provides definitions and discussions around key concepts in history such as defining what history is, the nature and problems of studying history, important terms, types and theories of history, and the relevance and lessons that can be learned from history. It also references additional resources for further reading on topics in historiography.

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    Lesson 1 Meaning and Relevance of History

    Uploaded by

    Jaime Cipriano
    44 views14 pages
    The document provides definitions and discussions around key concepts in history such as defining what history is, the nature and problems of studying history, important terms, types and theories of history, and the relevance and lessons that can be learned from history. It also references additional resources for further reading on topics in historiography.

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    The document provides definitions and discussions around key concepts in history such as defining what history is, the nature and problems of studying history, important terms, types and theories of history, and the relevance and lessons that can be learned from history. It also references additional resources for further reading on topics in historiography.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views14 pages

    Lesson 1 Meaning and Relevance of History

    Uploaded by

    Jaime Cipriano
    The document provides definitions and discussions around key concepts in history such as defining what history is, the nature and problems of studying history, important terms, types and theories of history, and the relevance and lessons that can be learned from history. It also references additional resources for further reading on topics in historiography.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    Prepared by John Henry Briones

    Contents
    DEFINING HISTORY

    NATURE and PROBLEM of


    HISTORY

    HISTORY TERMS

    TYPES and THEORIES

    RELEVANCE and LESSONS


    DEFINING HISTORY

    Tripartite Definition of History


    1. The entire human past as it
    From Greek word “Historia”
    actually happened
    which means “knowledge
    2. Man’s attempt to describe
    acquired through inquiry or
    and interpret the past
    investigation.”
    3. A systematic study of the
    Candelaria, Alphora, & Kunting
    past
    (2018)
    Arthur Marwick
    DEFINING HISTORY

    The attempt to discover on the Mga salaysay na may saysay


    basis of fragmentary evidence Kahulugan ng saysay:
    the significant things about the (1) kwento, at (2) katuturan at
    past kahalagahan
    Geoffrey Barraclough Zeus Salazar (Filipino Historian)
    NATURE and PROBLEM of HISTORY
    1. History concerns human 1. Problems of sources
    actions in the past 2. Historical knowledge,
    2. History is fragmentary by 3. Objectivity
    nature 4. Peculiar problems of
    3. History terminates in the contemporary history
    present • Documentation
    4. History is dynamic • Perspective
    5. Evidence is the pillar of • Reliable evidence
    historical research • Sensitive issues
    Question
    Is History a science or an art?
    HISTORIAN and HISTORY TEACHER

    Historian History Teacher


    Engaged in an interpretative Largely concerned with their
    activity relating the current pupils’ intellectual and
    state of the discipline to new personal development.
    research findings.

    Question
    Is it possible to come up with absolute historical truth?
    HISTORY TERMS

    MULTIPERSPECTIVITY is a as
    FACTS are things shown the process of “viewing historical
    conclusively by evidence and events from several perspectives.”
    accepted as true. (Ann Low-Beer).
    HISTORICITY is the authentication
    NO DOCUMENT, NO HISTORY
    of characters in history. Documents are the main sources in
    the writing of history.
    HISTORICAL CONTEXT is the
    political, social, cultural, and economic PAST is the period of time that has
    setting for a particular idea or event. already happened.
    TYPES OF HISTORY
    Local History
    History according to: History of a town, district or any
    1. Time locality or unit smaller that the
    Ex. Ancient, Medieval, Modern nation-state, with clearly defined
    territorial limits or in which the
    inhabitants are so far united in
    2. Geographical units thought and action as to feel a sense
    Ex. National or Local of belonging together.
    (The value of local history, 2021)
    3. Special Interest
    Ex. Political, Social, and Cultural Question
    Is it possible to come up with an
    absolute historical truth?
    THEORIES OF HISTORY

    Cyclical View of History Great God View


    The most primitive attempts to
    History was just a repetition of explain the origin and development of
    destined events, which could not be the world and man are the creation
    affected by human power, so that myths to be found among preliterate
    history had no meaning or goal. peoples.

    Linear View of History Great Man Theory


    It views history is progressive, It suggests that dominant
    moving forward and not having a personalities determine the course of
    cyclical return. history.
    THEORIES OF HISTORY

    The Great Mind Theory The Best People Theory


    All such interpretations contain
    History is drawn forward or driven
    infusions of the prejudice that some
    ahead by some ideal force in order to
    realize its preconceived ends. elite (Best Race) the favored nation,
    the ruling class alone make history.

    Everyman View of History


    Economic View of History
    Sees history as being a record of the
    collective experience of the ordinary Sees economic factors as the most
    person. important determinant of history.
    RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
    1. To provide identity
    2. It contributes to moral
    understanding.
    3. Allow us to observe and
    understand people and society
    *Learn from the past and notice clear
    warning signs
    4. It encourage civic participation
    and essential for citizenship.
    5. Highlight the great achievements
    and disastrous errors of the
    human race.
    Source: http://bakerpublishinggroup.com/books/why-
    study-history/336311
    LESSONS and SKILLS in HISTORY
    1. Civilizations always face challenges; Skills that a student may develop in
    how they handle them determines studying history:
    whether they flourish or decay. 1. Enhance critical and analytical
    skills
    2. Our personalities, morals and social *Assess the evidence, conflicting
    customs are a product of the time interpretation, and use of sources.
    and culture we’re raise in.
    2. Enhance writing and
    3. Ideas are the strongest things of all communication skills
    in history. *Reasoning and argument

    3. Democracy is the best form of 3. Experience in Assessing Past


    government. But it is fragile and Examples of Change
    requires an educated population. *Magnitude and significance of change
    REFERENCES
    1. Adeoti, E. O. and Adeyeri, J. O. (2012). History, the Historian and His Work: Issues, Challenges and
    Prospects. 3 [4], 36 -41. https://soeagra.com/ijert/ijertdec2012/6.pdf
    2. Ayo, Ruby. (2020). Intro to History. General Education Department. Bicol University
    3. Candelaria, J. L. P., Alphora, V. C. and Kunting, A. (2021). A Course Module for Readings in Philippine
    History. Quezon City, REX Printing Company, Inc.
    4. Clear, J. (2020, November 12). The Lessons of History by Will and Ariel Durant. https://jamesclear.com/book-
    summaries/lessons-of-history
    5. INTRODUCTION TO HISTORIOGRAPHY A2 HISTORY: DIFFERENT AMERICAN WESTS. (n.d.).
    http://www.andallthat.co.uk/uploads/2/3/8/9/2389220/introduction_to_historiography.pdf
    6. The value of local history. (2021). African Historical Review.
    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00232086985310041?journalCode=rahr19
    7. Why Study History? (1998). (2021). Historians.org. https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-
    membership/aha-history-and-archives/historical-archives/why-study-history-(1998)

    Photos
    1. National Library of the Philippines. Independence Poster. http://web.nlp.gov.ph/nlp/?q=node/11447
    2. Project Saysay. (2019). [Message of Pilosopo Tasyo to Ibarra]. Retrieved from
    https://www.facebook.com/psaysay/photos/a.472489036161683/2143332079077362/?type=3
    SUPPLEMENTAL READINGS

    Tosh, J. (2015). The Pursuit of History: Aims, methods and new directions in the study of modern history.
    https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=w7agBgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=
    0#v=onepage&q&f=false

    ONLINE RESOURCES

    PODKAS. (2020). Why do we study History? [Podcast]. Retrieved from


    https://www.podkas.org/history101/episode1

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