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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : CE3391 - FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY
SEM / YEAR : III / II

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UNIT I - FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS

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UNIT-I SYLLABUS
Units and dimensions- Properties of fluids- mass density, specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity,

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viscosity, compressibility, vapor pressure, surface tension and capillarity. Flow characteristics– concept of control
volume - application of continuity equation, energy equation and momentum equation.

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PART -A ( 2 MARKS )
S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. What are compressible and incompressible fluids? BTL4 Analyze
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2. Draw the shear stress-velocity gradient profile for Non-Newtonian
fluids. BTL1 Remember
3. What are the properties of ideal fluid? BTL2 Understand
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4. Define Specific Volume and Specific Weight. BTL1 Remember

5. Define Newton law of Viscosity. BTL1 Remember
6. What is meant by vapor pressure of a fluid? BTL2 Understand
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7. Analyze Non-Newtonian fluids. Give examples. BTL4 Analyze

8. What do you mean by absolute pressure and gauge pressure? BTL2 Understand
9. Define the term Kinematic Viscosity and give its dimensions. BTL1 Remember
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10. What is specific gravity? How is it related to density? BTL3 Apply

11. Define surface tension and capillarity. BTL1 Remember
12. Analyze the effect of temperature on viscosity of liquids and gases. BTL4 Analyze
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13. Calculate the mass density and specific volume of 1 litre of a liquid BTL6 Create
which weighs 7 N.
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14. Differentiate kinematic viscosity with dynamic viscosity. BTL2 Understand

15. Define cavitations. BTL1 Remember
16. What are the assumptions of the Bernoulli‟s equations? BTL4 Analyze
17. Justify the use of control volume. BTL2 Understand
18. State assumption made in deriving continuity equations. BTL4 Analyze
19. Give some examples for Viscous fluid. BTL1 Remember
20. State the equation of continuity to three dimensional in compressible BTL1 Remember
flow.

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PART -B ( 13 MARKS )
S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1 The space between two square flat parallel plates is filled with oil. Each
side of the plate is 60 cm. The thickness of the oil film is 12.5 mm. The
BTL4 Analyze
upper plate, which moves at 2.5 m/s requires a force of 98.1 N to maintain
the speed. Determine the dynamic viscosity of the oil and the kinematic
viscosity of the oil in stokes if the specific gravity of the oil is 0.95

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2 (i) Explain various properties of fluids. (8)
(ii) Explain various classifications of fluids with the help of a stress-strain BTL5 Evaluate
graph. (5)

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3 (i) A plate 0.05 mm distant from a fixed plate, moving at 1.2 m/s requires
a force of 2.2 N/m2 to maintain its speed. Find the dynamic viscosity of BTL4 Analyze

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fluid between the plates. (5)
(ii) Calculate the capillary rise in a glass tube of 4 mm diameter, when
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immersed in (a) water and (b) mercury. The temperature of the liquid is
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BTL4 Analyze
20oC and the values of the surface tension of water and mercury at 20oC in
contact with air are 0.073575 N/m respectively. The angle of contact for
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water is zero that for mercury 130o. Take density of water at 20oC as equal
to 998 kg/m3. (8)
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4 A pipe (1) 450 mm in diameter branches in to two pipes (2 and 3) of

diameters 300 mm and 200 mm respectively. If the average velocity in
BTL4 Analyze
450 mm diameter pipe is 3m/s. Find, (i). Discharge through 450 mm
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diameter pipe;(ii)Velocity in 200 mm diameter pipe if the average

velocity in 300 mm pipe is 2.5 m/s.
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5 A 30 cm x 15 cm venturimeter is provided in a vertical pipe line carrying

oil of specific gravity 0.9, the flow being upwards. The difference in
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elevation of the throat section and entrance section of the venturimeter is

30 cm. The differential U tube mercury manometer shows a gauge BTL4 Analyze
deflection of 25 cm. Calculate: (a) the discharge of oil. (b) The pressure
difference between the entrance section and the throat section. Take
Cd=0.98 and specific gravity of mercury as 13.6

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6 A vertical venturimeter 40 cm x 20 cm is provided in a vertical pipe to

measure a flow of oil of relative density 0.8. The difference in elevations
of the throat section and the entrance sections in 1 m, the direction of BTL4 Analyze
flow of oil being vertically upwards. The oil-mercury differential gauge
shows deflection of mercury equal to 40 cm. Determine the quantity of oil
flowing the pipe. Neglect losses.
7 A horizontal venturimeter with inlet and throat diameter 300 mm and 100

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mm respectively is used to measure the flow of water. The pressure
intensity at inlet is 130 kN/m2 while the vacuum pressure head at throat is BTL4 Analyze

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350 mm of mercury. Assuming that 3% head lost between the inlet and
throat. Find the value of coefficient of discharge for the venturimeter and

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also determine the rate of flow.
8 A 45o reducing bend is connected in a pipe line, the diameters at the inlet

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and outlet of the bend being 600 mm and 300 mm respectively. Find the
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BTL4 Analyze
force exerted by water on the bend if the intensity of pressure at inlet to
bend is 8.829 N/cm2 and rate of flow of water is 600 liters/s.
9 A 300 mm diameter pipe carries water under a head of 20 m with a
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velocity of 3.5 m/s. If the axis of the pipe turns through 45 o, find the BTL4 Analyze
magnitude and direction of the resultant force at the bend.
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10 Derive the differential equation for three dimensional continuity flow in

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Cartesian coordinates.
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11 A drainage pipe is tapered in a section running with full of water. The

pipe diameter of the inlet and exit are 1000 mm and 500 mm respectively.
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The water surface is 2 m above the centre of the inlet and exit is 3 m BTL4 Analyze
above the free surface of the water. The pressure at the exit is 250 mm of
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Hg vacuum. The friction loss between the inlet and exit of the pipe is1/10
of the velocity head at the exit. Determine the discharge through the pipe.
12 i) Water is flowing through a pipe of diameter 30 cm and 20 cm at the
section 1 and 2 respectively. The rate of flow through pipe is 35 lps. The
section 1 is 8 m above datum and section 2 is 6 m above datum. If the BTL4 Analyze
2
pressure at section 1 is 44.5 N/cm . Find the intensity of pressure at
section 2. (7)

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ii) Calculate the dynamic viscosity of oil which is used for lubrication
between a square plate of size 0.8m x 0.8m and an inclined plane with
angle of inclination 30o. The weight of the square plate is 330 N and it BTL4 Analyze
slide down the inclined plane with a uniform velocity of 0.3 m/s. The
thickness of the oil film is 1.5 mm (6)

13 i) Water flows at the rate of 200 litres per second upwards through a
tapered vertical pipe. The diameter at the bottom is 240 mm and at the top

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200 mm and the length is 5 m. The pressure at the bottom is 8 bar, and the BTL4 Analyze
pressure at the topside is 7.3 bar. Determine the head loss through the

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pipe. Express it as a function of exit velocity head. (7)
ii) Derive Bernoulli equation from Euler‟s equation of motion. (6) BTL4 Analyze

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14 A pipe 200 m long slopes down at 1 in 100 and tapers from 600 mm
diameter at the higher end to 300 mm diameter at the lower end, and
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carries 100 litres/ sec of oil having specific gravity 0.8. If the pressure
gauge at the higher end reads 60 kN/m2, determine the velocities at the
two ends and also the pressure at the lower end. Neglect all losses.
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PART -C (15 Marks)

S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1 Derive the continuity equation in cylindrical polar co-ordinates. BTL2 Understand
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2 Find the convective acceleration at the middle of a pipe which converges

uniformly from 0.4m diameter to0.2m diameter over 2m length. The rate
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of flow is 20 lit/s. If the rate of flow changes uniformly from 20 l/s in BTL5
Evaluate
30seconds, find the total acceleration at the middle of the pipe at 15th
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second.
3 In a vertical pipe conveying oil of specific gravity 0.8, two pressure
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gauges have been installed at A and B where the diameters are 16am and
8cm respectively. A is 2meters above B. The pressure gauge readings
have shown that the pressure at B is greater than at A by 0.981 N/cm². BTL4 Analyze
Neglecting all losses, calculate the flow rate. If the gauges at A and B are
replaced by tubes filled with the same liquid and connected to a U-tube
containing mercury, calculate the difference of level of mercury in the two
limbs of the U-tube.

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4 The inlet and throat diameters of a horizontal venturimeter are 30 cm and

BTL3 Apply
10cm respectively. The liquid flowing through the meter is water. The
Pressure intensity at inlet is 13.734N/cm² while the vacuum pressure head
at the throat is 37cm of mercury. Find the rate of flow. Assume that 4% of
the differential head is lost between the inlet and throat. Find also the
value of Cⅾ for the venturimeter.

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UNIT II: FLOW THROUGH CIRCULAR CONDUITS

UNIT-II SYLLABUS
Hydraulic and energy gradient - Laminar flow through circular conduits and circular annuli-Boundary layer concepts
– types of boundary layer thickness – Darcy Weisbach equation –friction factor- Moody diagram- commercial pipes-
minor losses – Flow through pipes in series and parallel.
PART - A ( 2 MARKS )
S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. When a tube is said to be hydraulically smooth? BTL3 Apply

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2. Define equivalent diameter of a non circular tube. BTL1 Remember
3. What is meant by boundary layer separations? BTL2 Understand
4. Differentiate between T.E.L and H.G.L. BTL3 Apply

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5. What are equivalent pipe? Mention the equation used for it. BTL3 Apply
6. Write down Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow BTL2 Understand
7. Write down four examples of laminar flow. BTL2 Understand

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8. Differentiate between laminar and turbulent flow BTL4 Analyze
9. What is a syphon? Mention its applications. BTL2 Understand
10. What are the losses experienced by a fluid when it is passing through a
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pipe?
11. What do you mean by flow through parallel pipes? BTL1 Remember
12. State the application of moody‟s diagram. BTL3 Apply
13.
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Mention the general characteristics of laminar flow. BTL3 Apply

14. Draw the velocity distribution and the shear stress distribution for the BTL4 Analyze
flow through circular pipes
15. List the causes of minor energy losses in flow through pipes. BTL1 Remember
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16. Define displacement thickness. BTL1 Remember

17. Define momentum thickness. BTL1 Remember
18. Formulate the expression of loss of energy due to sudden contraction and BTL5 Evaluate
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enlargement.
19. Define the terms Drag and lift. BTL1 Remember
20. Define boundary layer thickness. BTL2 Understand
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PART - B ( 13 MARKS )
S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. (i) An old water supply distribution pipe of 250mm diameter of a city is
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to be replaced by two parallel pipes of smaller equal diameter having

equal lengths and identical friction factor values. Find out the new
diameter required. (6)
(ii) An oil of specific gravity 0.80 and kinematic viscosity 15 x 10-6 m2/s
flows in a smooth pipe of 12 cm diameter at a rate of 150 lit/min. BTL4 Analyze

Determine whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. Also, calculate the

velocity at the Centre line and the velocity at a radius OD 4 cm. What is
head loss for a length of 10 m? What will be the entry length? Also
determine the wall shear. For More (7)
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2. For the velocity profile in laminar boundary layer

𝑢 3 𝑦 1 𝑦 3
as𝑈 = 2 −2 . Find the thickness of the boundary layer and shear
𝛿 𝛿
BTL5 Evaluate
stress, 1.5 m from the leading edge of a plate. The plate is 2 m long and
1.4 m wide is placed in water, which is moving with a velocity of 200
mm/sec. Find the total drag force on the plate if µ for water 0.01 poise.
3. For the velocity profile for laminar boundary layer

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𝑢 𝑦 𝑦 3 𝑦 4
=2 −2 + . Obtain an expression for boundary layer BTL4 Analyze
𝑈 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿

thickness of the boundary layer, shear stress, drag force on one side of

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the plate and co-efficient of drag in term of Reynold number.
4. A liquid with a specific gravity 2.8 and a viscosity 0.8 poise flows

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through a smooth pipe of unknown diameter, resulting in a pressure drop
BTL4 Analyze
2
of 800 N/m in 2 km length of the pipe. What is the pipe diameter if the
mass flow rate is 2500 kg/hr. e
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5. An oil of viscosity 9 poise and specific gravity 0.9 is flowing through a
horizontal pipe of 60 mm diameter. If the pressure drop in 100 m length
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of the pipe is 1800 kN/m2, determine. a) The rate of flow of oil. b) The
BTL5 Evaluate
centre-line velocity, c) The total frictional drag over 100 m length,
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d) The power required to maintain the flow, e) The velocity gradient at

the pipe wall, f)The velocity and shear stress at 8 mm from the wall.
6. Derive the equation of flow of viscous fluid through circular pipe and
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obtain the equation for parabola, ratio of maximum to average velocity, Evaluate
BTL5
pressure drop.
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7. Derive the expression for shear stress and velocity distribution for the
flow through circular pipe and using that derive the Hagen Poiseuille BTL4 Analyze
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formula.
8. A horizontal pipe line 40 m long is connected to a water tank at one end
discharge freely into atmosphere other end for the first 25 m of its length
from the tank, the pipe line is 150 mm diameter and its diameter is
BTL4 Analyze
suddenly to enlarged to 300 mm the height of water level in the tank is 8
m above the center of the pipe. Consider all the loss of head which occur.
Determine the rate of flow take f = 0.01 for both section of pipe.
9. The rate of flow of water through a horizontal pipe is 0.25 m3/sec. The
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pressure intensity in the smaller pipe is 11.772 N/cm2. Determine (i) loss BTL4 Analyze
of head due to sudden enlargement (ii) pressure intensity in the large pipe
and (iii) power lost due to enlargement.
10. Two reservoirs whose water surface elevations differ by 12 m are
connected by the following horizontal compound pipe system starting
from the high level reservoir. Take L1 =200 m, D1 =0.2 m, f1 = 0.008,
andL2 = 500 m, D2 = 0.3 m f2= 0.006. Considering all head losses and

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BTL4 Analyze
assuming that all changes of section are abrupt, compute the discharge
through the system. Find the equivalent length of a 0.25 m diameter pipe

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if minor losses are neglected and friction factors are assumed to be the
same. Sketch HGL and TEL.

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11. Three pipes of diameters 300 mm, 200 mm and 400 mm and lengths 450
m, 255 m and 315 m respectively are connected in series. The difference

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in water surface levels in two tanks is 18 m. Determine the rate of flow
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of water if coefficients of friction are 0.0075, 0.0078 and 0.0072
respectively considering : (a) Minor losses also and (b)Neglecting minor
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losses.
12. Two sharp ended pipes of diameters 50 mm and 100 mm are connected
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in parallel between two reservoirs which have a difference of level of 10

m. If the co-efficient of friction for each pipe is 0.32, calculate the rate
Evaluate
BTL5
of flow for each pipe and also the diameter of a single pipe 100 m long
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which would give the same discharge, if it were substituted for the
original two pipes.
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13. Oil at 27 o C (ρ = 900 kg/m3 and μ = 40 centipoises) is flowing steadily in

a 1.25 cm diameter, 40 m long pipe. During the flow, the pressure at the
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pipe inlet and exit is measured to be 8.25 bar and 0.97 bar, respectively. BTL4 Analyze
Determine the flow rate of oil through the pipe assuming the pipe is
i) horizontal, ii) inclined 20o upward and iii) inclined 20o downward.
14. A pipe line of length 2000m is used for power transmission. If 110.3625
kW power is to be transmitted through the pipe in which water having a
pressure of 490.5N/cm² at inlet is flowing. Find the diameter of the pipe BTL4 Analyze
and efficiency of transmission if the pressure drop over the length of the
pipe is 98.1N/cm². Take f=0.0065.
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PART - C ( 15 MARKS )
S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. (i) Derive the expression of equivalent of pipe. (7)
(ii) The main pipe divides into two parallel pipes which again forms one
BTL5 Evaluate
pipe. The length and diameter for the first parallel pipe are 2000m
and 1.0m respectively, while the length and diameter of 2nd parallel pipe
are 2000m and 0.8m. Find the rate of flow in each parallel pipe, if total

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flow in the main is 3.0 m³/s. The co-efficient of friction for each parallel
pipe is same and equal to 0.005. (6)

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2. The velocity distribution in the boundary layer is given by
𝑢 𝑦 𝑦 2
=2 − , being boundary layer thickness. Calculate the BTL6 Create
𝑈 𝛿 𝛿

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following: i) Displacement thickness, ii) Momentum thickness, and iii)
Energy thickness.
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Explain about minor losses and derive its expressions. Evaluate
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BTL5
4. A pumping plant forces water through a 600 mm diameter main, the
BTL5 Evaluate
friction head being 27m. In order to reduce the power consumption, it is
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proposed to lay another main of appropriate diameter along the side of

the existence one, so that two pipe may work in parallel for the entire
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length and reduce the friction head to 9.6m only. Find the diameter of
the new main if, with the exception of diameter, it is similar to the
existing one in every respect.
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UNIT III DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

UNIT-III SYLLABUS
Need for dimensional analysis – methods of dimensional analysis – Similitude –types of similitude - Dimensionless
parameters- application of dimensionless parameters – Model analysis.
PART - A ( 2 MARKS )
S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE

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1. List the methods of dimensional analysis. BTL1 Remember
2. What is Dimensional homogeneity? BTL2 Understand

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3. State the advantages of Dimensional and model analysis. BTL1 Remember
4. State and apply the significance Buckingham's π theorem. BTL1 Remember
5. What is meant by similitude? BTL2 Understand

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6. Difference between Rayleigh‟s method and Buckingham's π theorem. BTL4 Analyze
7. Develop the dimensions of the following Physical Quantities:
(i) Pressure (ii) Surface Tension Apply
(iii) Dynamic viscosity e
(iv) Kinematic Viscosity
BTL3
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8. What are the similarities between model and prototype? BTL2 Understand
9. Mention the circumstance which necessitates the use of distorted models. BTL3 Apply
10. Submarine is tested in the air tunnel. Identify the model law applicable. BTL3 Apply
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11. Define Froude‟s number and Euler‟s number BTL1 Remember

12. What is meant by undistorted model? BTL2 Understand
13. State the Fourier law of dimensional homogeneity. BTL1 Remember
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14. Mention the significance of Reynolds‟s model law. BTL3 Apply

15. State the methods of dimensional analysis. BTL2 Understand
16. How are the equations derived in Raleigh‟s method? BTL1 Remember
BTL2
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17. State three demerits of a distorted model. Understand

18. Develop the Euler model law and give its significance BTL3 Apply
19. Define Mach number and state its applications BTL1 Remember
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20. Explain the different types of similarities that must exist between a
BTL4 Analyze
prototype and its model.
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PART - B( 13 MARKS )
S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. i) List the criteria for selecting repeating variable in this dimensional
BTL2 Understand
analysis? (7)
ii) Check whether the following equation is dimensionally homogeneous.
BTL4 Analyze
T = 2π√(L/g) (6)
2. The resisting force (R) of a supersonic flight can be considered as
dependent upon the length of the air craft „l‟, velocity „v‟ , air viscosity
BTL4 Analyze
„µ‟, air density „ρ‟ and bulk modulus of air is „k‟. Express the functional
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3. The power P developed by a water turbine depends on the rotational

speed N, operating head H, gravity g, diameter D and width B of the
runner, density ρ and viscosity µ of water. Show by dimensional analysis BTL6 Create
𝐻 𝐷 ρ𝐷 2 𝑁 𝑁𝐷
that 𝑃 = ρ𝐷 5 𝑁 3 𝛷[ , , , ]
𝐷 𝐵 µ √𝑔𝐻

4. The efficiency η of a fan depends on ρ (density), µ (viscosity) of the

fluid, ω (angular velocity), d (diameter of rotor) and Q (discharge).

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BTL6 Create
Express η in terms of non-dimensional parameters. Use Buckingham's π
theorem.

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5. Using Buckingham‟s π- theorem, show that the velocity through a
circular orifice in a pipe is given by

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V
BTL6 Create
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where v is the velocity through orifice of diameter d and H is the head
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causing the flow and ρ and µ are the density and dynamic viscosity of the
fluid passing through the orifice and g is acceleration due to gravity.
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6. Derive on the basis of dimensional analysis suitable parameters to

present the thrust developed by a propeller. Assume that the thrust P
depends upon the angular velocity ω, speed of advance V, diameter D,
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BTL6 Create
dynamic viscosity µ, mass density ρ, elasticity of the fluid medium
which can be denoted by the speed of sound in the medium C.
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7. The power developed by hydraulic machines is found to depend on the

head H, flow rate Q, density ρ, Speed N , runner diameter D and
BTL6 Create
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acceleration due to gravity g. Obtain suitable dimensionless parameters

to correlate experimental results.
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8. The capillary rise h is found to be influenced by the tube diameter D,

density ρ, gravitational acceleration g and surface tension σ, determine BTL6 Create
the dimensional parameters for the correlation of experimental results.
9. Classify Models with scale ratios. BTL4 Analyze
10. Write short notes on the following:
(i). Dimensionless Homogeneity with example.(3)
(ii). Euler Model Law. (3) BTL4 Analyze
(iii). Similitude.(3)
(iv). Undistorted and Distorted Models. (4)
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11. Explain Reynold's law of similitude and Froude's law of similitude. BTL4 Analyze
12. A Ship 300m long moves in sea water, whose density is 1030 kg/m3 ,
A1:100 model of ship is to be tested in a wind tunnel. The velocity of air
in the wind tunnel around the model is 30m/s and the resistance of
model is 60N. Determine the velocity of ship in sea water and also the
resistance of the ship in sea water. The density of air is given as Evaluate
3
BTL5
1.24g/m . Take the kinematic viscosity of sea -water and air as 0.012

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stokes and 0.018 respectively.
13. A spillway model is to be built to geometrically similar scale of 1/ 50

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across a flume of 600 mm width. The prototype is 15 m high and maxi.
head on it is expected to be 1.5 m

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(i). What height of model and what head of model should be used.
Evaluate
BTL5
(ii). If the flow over the model at a particular head is 12 litres per second,

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what flow per metre length of the prototype is expected.
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(iii). If the negative pressure in the model is 200 mm, what is the
negative pressure in prototype? Is it practicable?
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14. (i) The ratio of length of a submarine and its model is 30:1. the speed of
the proto type is 10 m/s the model is to be tested in a wind tunnel . Find
the speed of air in wind tunnel . Also determine the ration of the drag
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between the model and prototype. Take values of kinematic viscosities of BTL4 Analyze
sea water and air as 0.012 stokes and 0.016 stokes respectively. The
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density of sea water and air is given as 1030 kg/m3 and 1.24 kg/m3
respectively. (9)
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(ii) Explain similitude with types of similarities. (4) Apply

BTL3
PART - C ( 15 MARKS )
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S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE

1. Derive on the basis of dimensional analysis suitable parameters to
present the thrust developed by a propeller. Assume that the thrust P
depends upon the angular velocity ω, speed of advance V, diameter D, BTL6 Create
dynamic viscosity µ , mass density ρ, elasticity of the fluid medium
which can be denoted by the speed of sound in the medium C.
2. The resistance force R of a supersonic plane during flight can be
considered as dependent upon the length of the aircraft l, velocity V, air BTL6 Create
velocity µ,air density ρ and bulk modulus of air K. Express the functional
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relationship between these variables and the resisting force.

3. Derive on the basis of dimensional analysis suitable parameters to
present the thrust developed by a propeller. Assume that the thrust P
depends upon the angular velocity ω, speed of advance V, diameter D, BTL5 Evaluate
dynamic viscosity µ,mass density ρ, elasticity of the medium which can
be denoted by the speed of sound in the medium C.
4. Derive the expressions for dimensionless numbers. BTL4 Analyze

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UNIT IV PUMPS
UNIT-IV SYLLABUS
Impact of jets - Euler‟s equation - Theory of roto-dynamic machines – various efficiencies– velocity components at
entry and exit of the rotor- velocity triangles - Centrifugal pumps– working principle - work done by the impeller -
performance curves - Reciprocating pump- working principle – Rotary pumps –classification.
PART - A ( 2 MARKS )
S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. What is suction head of a pump? BTL1 Remember

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2. Define mechanical efficiency of a pump. BTL2 Understand
3. Why actual discharge be greater than theoretical discharge in a BTL2
Understand

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reciprocating pump?
4. Summarize factor determines the maximum speed of a reciprocation BTL2

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Understand
pump.
5. List the functions of an air vessel. BTL2 Understand
6.
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What is specific speed of a pump? How are pumps classified based on BTL3
Apply
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this number?
7. When does negative slip occur? BTL3
8. State the Euler's equation of hydrodynamic machines. BTL4 Analyze
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9. Summarize the losses in centrifugal pump. BTL2 Understand

10. What are Roto dynamic pumps? Give examples. BTL3 Apply
11. Prepare the main components of reciprocating pump. BTL3 Apply
12. Define “Slip” of reciprocating pump. When does the negative slip occur? BTL1 Remember
arn

13. Explain speed ratio. BTL2 Understand

14. What are rotary pumps? Give examples. BTL2 Understand
15. Define the manometric efficiency and mechanical efficiency of a pump. BTL1 Remember
Le

16. Illustrate hydraulic efficiency. BTL3 Apply

17. What is meant by NPSH? BTL3 Apply
18. Complete the expression for the work saved in a reciprocating pump by BTL3
w.

Apply
using air vessel.
19. Explain indicator diagram. BTL4 Analyze
ww

20. Examine the cavitations problem in centrifugal pump. BTL2 Understand

PART - B( 13 MARKS )
S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. Explain about working principle of centrifugal pump with a neat sketch. BTL2 Understand
2. Two geometrically similar pumps are running at the same speed of 1000
rpm. One pump has an impeller diameter of 0.30 m and lifts water at the
BTL4 Analyze
rate of 20 litres per second against a head of 15 m. Estimate the head and
impeller diameter of the other pump to deliver half the discharge.
3. i) Write the different classifications of rotary pumps and explain the
BTL2 Understand
working principle of any one. (8)
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ii) Explain the working of a double acting reciprocating pump with a neat
BTL2 Understand
sketch. (5)
4. The diameter and width of a centrifugal pump impeller are 300 mm and
60 mm respectively. The pump is delivering 144 litres of liquid per
second with a manometric efficiency of 85% .The effective outlet vane BTL4 Analyze
angle is 30. If the speed of rotation is 950 rpm. Calculate the specific
speed of the pump.

.in
5. The centrifugal pump has the following characteristics. Outer diameter of
impeller = 800 mm; width of the impeller vane at outlet = 100 mm. angle

ng
of the impeller vanes at outlet = 40º.The impeller runs at 550 rpm and
delivers 0.98 m3/s under an effective head of 35 m. A 500 kW motor is BTL4 Analyze

eri
used to drive the pump. Evaluate the manometric, mechanical and overall
efficiencies of the pump. Assume water enters the impeller vanes radially
at inlet. e
gin
6. The impeller of a centrifugal pump having external and internal
diameters 500 mm and 250 mm respectively, width at outlet 50 mm and
En

running at 1200 rpm works against a head of 48 m. The velocity of flow

Evaluate
BTL5
through the impeller is constant and equal to 3.0 m/s. The vanes are set
arn

back at an angle of 40 at outlet. Analyze:(i) Inlet vane angle (i) Work
done by the impeller on water per second (iii) Manometric efficiency.
7. i) The internal and external diameters of the impeller of centrifugal
Le

pumps are 300 mm and 600 mm respectively. The pump is running at

1000 rpm. The vane angles of the impeller at inlet and outlet are 20o and
w.

BTL4 Analyze
30o respectively. The water enters the impeller radially and velocity of
flow is constant. Examine the work done by the impeller per unit weight
ww

of water. Sketch the velocity triangle. (7)

ii) A single acting reciprocating pump running at 60 rpm delivers 0.02
m3/s of water. The diameter of the piston is 250 mm and stroke length
450 mm. Examine 1) theoretical discharge of the pump, 2) coefficient of BTL4 Analyze
discharge 3) slip of pump and 4) Percentage slip of the pump. (6)

8. The diameter and stroke length of a single acting reciprocating pump are
BTL4 Analyze
150 mm and 300 mm respectively, the pump runs at 50 rpm and lifts 4.2
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lps of water through a height of 25 m. The delivery pipe is 22 m long and

100mm in diameter. Identify (i) Theoretical power required to run the
pump (ii) % of slip and (iii) Acceleration head at the beginning and
middle of the delivery stroke.
9. The diameter and length of a suction pipe of a single acting reciprocating
pump are 10 cm and 5 m respectively. The pump has a plunger diameter
of 15 cm and a stroke length of 35 cm. The center of the pump is 3 m

.in
above the water surface in the sump. The atm. Pressure head is 10.3 m of
Evaluate
BTL5
water and the pump runs at 50 rpm. Collect (Find), (i) pressure head due

ng
to Acceleration at the beginning of the suction stroke. (ii) Maximum
pressure head due to Acceleration and (iii) pressure head in the

eri
cylinder at the beginning and end of the suction stroke.
10. Discuss with a neat sketch the working of a single-acting reciprocating

e
pump. Also obtain the expression for weight of water delivered by the BTL3 Apply
gin
pump per second.
11. In a single acting reciprocating pump with plunger diameter of 120 mm
En

and stroke of 180 mm running at 60 rpm, an air vessel is fixed at the

same level as the pump at a distance of 3 m. The diameter of the delivery
BTL4 Analyze
arn

pipe is 90 mm and the length is 25 m. Friction factor is 0.02. Calculate

the reduction in accelerating head and the friction head due to the fitting
of air vessel.
Le

12. A double acting reciprocating pump running at 60 rpm is discharging 1.5

m3 of water per minute. The pump has a stroke length of 400 mm. The
w.

diameter of the piston is 250 mm. The delivery and suction heads are 20 BTL4 Analyze
m and 5 m respectively. Predict (Find) the power required to drive the
ww

pump and the slip of the pump.

13. A double acting reciprocating pump has a bore of 150 mm and stroke of
250 mm and runs at 35 rpm. The piston rod diameter is 20 mm. The
Evaluate
BTL5
suction head is 6.5 m and the delivery head is 14.5 m. The discharge of
water was 4.7 lit/s. Prepare (Determine) the slip and the power required.
14. In a reciprocating pump delivering water the bore is 14 cm and the stroke
is 21 cm. The suction lift is 4 m and delivery head is 12 m. The suction
BTL4 Analyze
and delivery pipe are both 10 cm diameter, length of pipes are 9 m
suction and 24 m delivery. Friction factor is 0.015. CollectFor
(Determine)
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the theoretical power required. Slip is 8 %. and the pump speed is 36

rpm.
PART - C ( 15 MARKS )
S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. A pumping plant is forcing the water through a pipe of 60 cm diameter
ad frictional loss is 30m.for reducing the power consumption, it is
proposed to lay another pipe along the side of existing pipe so both pipes
BTL4 Analyze

.in
will run parallel for the entire length and reduces the friction head to
10m. find the required diameter of new pipe line assuming friction factor

ng
is same for both pipe lines.
2. The cylinder bore diameter of a single acting reciprocating pump is

eri
150mm and its stroke is 300mm.The pump runs at 50r.p.m and lifts water
through a height of 25m.The delivery pipe is 22 m long and 100mm in

e
diameter. Find the theoretical discharge and the theoretical power BTL3 Apply
gin
required to run the pump. if the actual discharge is 4.2 liters/sec, find the
percentage slip. Also determine the acceleration head at the beginning
and middle of the delivery stroke.
En

3. A centrifugal pump has an impeller with inner and outer diameters of

15cm and 25 cm respectively. It delivers 50 litres of water per sec at
arn

1500 rpm. The velocity of flow through impeller is constant at 2.5 m/sec.
the blades are curved back at an angle of 300 to the tangent at exit.The
BTL4 Analyze
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diameters of the suction and delivery pipes are 15cm and 10 cm

respectively. The pressure head at suction is 4m below and that at
delivery is 18m above atmosphere. the power required to drive the pump
w.

is 18.375 KW.Find (a) The vane angle at inlet (b) ή0 (c) ήmano.
ww

4. A double acting reciprocating piston pump is pumping water (diameter

of the piston 250mm,diameter of piston rod ,which is on one side of the
piston 50mm,piston stroke 380mm).The suction and discharge heads are BTL4 Analyze
4.5m and 18.6m respectively. Find the work done by the piston during
outward stroke. would the work done change for the inward stroke?

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UNIT V TURBINES
UNIT-V SYLLABUS
Classification of turbines – heads and efficiencies – velocity triangles. Axial, radial and mixed flow turbines. Pelton
wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbines- working principles - work done by water on the runner – draft tube.
Specific speed - unit quantities – performance curves for turbines – governing of turbines.
PART - A ( 2 MARKS )
S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
1. Classify turbines according to flow. BTL2 Understand

.in
2. Explain high head turbines. Give examples. BTL2 Understand
3. Define hydraulic efficiency of a turbine. BTL1 Remember

ng
4. What is cavitations? how can it be avoided in reaction turbines. BTL4 Analyze
5. Define specific speed of a turbine. BTL1 Remember
6. Classify the different types of draft tubes. BTL2 Understand

eri
7. Define the terms: Hydraulic Machines, Turbines and Pumps. BTL2 Understand
8. Discuss the role of draft tube in Kaplan turbine. BTL3 Apply
9. Illustrate an example for a low head turbine, a medium head turbine and
a high head turbine.
e BTL4 Analyze
gin
10. Draw the outlet triangle for turbine when the jet angle is 90o. BTL2 Understand
11. Differentiate the impulse and reaction turbine. BTL4 Analyze
12. Label (Draw) velocity triangle diagram for Pelton Wheel turbine. BTL5 Evaluate
En

13. Give the comparison between impulse and reaction turbine. BTL2 Understand
14. Judge (Write) a note on performance curves of turbine. BTL3 Apply
15. Prepare a short note on Governing of Turbines. BTL3 Apply
arn

16. Formulate the expression for the efficiency of a draft tube BTL4 Analyze
17. Define unit speed of a turbine. BTL1 Remember
18. Define volumetric efficiency of turbine. BTL1 Remember
19. A shaft transmits 150 kW at 600rpm. Evaluate the torque in Nm. BTL4 Analyze
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20. Define the terms unit power, unit speed and unit discharge. BTL3 Apply
PART - B( 13 MARKS )
S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE
w.

1. Explain the parts of Pelton wheel. BTL5 Evaluate

2. A Pelton wheel, working under a head of 500 m develops 13 MW when
ww

running at a speed of 430 rpm. If the efficiency of the wheel is 85%,

examine the rate of flow through the turbine, the diameter of the wheel BTL4 Analyze
and the diameter of the nozzle. Take speed ratio as 0.46 and coefficient
of velocity for the nozzle as 0.98
3. A Pelton wheel works under a gross head of 510 m. One third of gross
head is lost in friction in the penstock. The rate of flow through the
nozzle is 2.2 m3/sec. The angel of deflection of jet is 165°. Predict the (i) BTL4 Analyze
power given by water to the runner (ii) hydraulic efficiency of Pelton
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4. A Pelton turbine is required to develop 9000 kW when working under a

head of 300 m the impeller may rotate at 500 rpm. Assuming a jet ratio
of 10 and an overall efficiency of 85% calculate(i) Quantity of water BTL4 Analyze
required, (ii) Diameter of the wheel, (iii) No of jets, (iv) No and size of
the bucket vanes on the runner.
5. A Pelton wheel turbine develops 3000 kW power under a head of 300 m.
The overall efficiency of the turbine is 83%. If the speed ratio = 0.46, CV

.in
BTL4 Analyze
= 0.98 and specific speed is 16.5, and then calculate the diameter of the
turbine and diameter of the jet.

ng
6. A Pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 10 m/s with a jet of water
flowing at the rate of 700 lps under a head of 30 m. The buckets deflect

eri
the jet through an angle of 160o. Identify the power given by the water to BTL4 Analyze
the runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Assume coefficient
of velocity as 0.98 e
gin
7. Analyze the inlet and outlet velocity triangles of a Pelton turbine and
indicate the direction of various velocity components. Also obtain an
BTL4 Analyze
En

expression for the work done per second by water on the runner of the
Pelton wheel.
arn

8. A reaction turbine works at 450 rpm under a head of 120 m. Its diameter
at inlet is 1.2 m and the flow area is 0.4 m2. The angles made by absolute
and relative velocities at inlet are 20 and 60 respectively with the Evaluate
BTL5
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tangential velocity. Identify: (i) the volume rate of flow, (ii) the power
developed, and (iii) the hydraulic efficiency.
w.

9. The velocity of whirl at inlet to the runner of an inward flow reaction

ww

turbine is 3.15 H m/s and the velocity of flow at inlet is 1.05 H m/s.

The velocity of whirl at exit is 0.22 H m/s in the same direction as at

Evaluate
inlet and the velocity of flow at exit is 0.83 H m/s, where H is head of BTL5

water 30m. The inner diameter of the runner is 0.6 times the outer

diameter. Assuming hydraulic efficiency of 80%, Measure angles of the

runner vanes at inlet and exit.

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10. A hub diameter of a Kaplan turbine, working under a head of 12 m, is

0.35 times the diameter of the runner. The turbine is running at 100 rpm.
If the vane angle of the runner at outlet is 15 and flow ratio 0.6,
Evaluate
BTL5
Examined (i) diameter of the runner, (ii) diameter of the boss, and (iii)
Discharge through the runner. Take the velocity of whirl at outlet as
zero.
11. A Kaplan turbine develops 24647.6 kW power at an average head of 39

.in
m. Assuming the speed ratio of 2, flow ratio of 0.6, diameter of the boss
BTL4 Analyze
equal to 0.35 times the diameter of the runner and an overall efficiency

ng
of 90%, calculate the diameter, speed and specific speed of the turbine.
12. i) With a neat sketch explain the functions of Francis turbine. (8) BTL5 Evaluate

eri
ii)Discuss the need of draft tube for turbine. (5) BTL4 Analyze
13. A Francis turbine with an overall efficiency of 75% is required to produce

e
148.25 KW. It is working under a head of 7.62 m. The peripheral velocity
gin
= 0.26√2gH and the radial velocity of the flow at inlet is 0.96√2gH. The
wheel runs at 150 rpm and the hydraulic losses in the turbine are 22% of Evaluate
BTL5
the available energy. Assume radial discharge, determine i) guide blade
En

angle, ii) wheel vane angle at inlet, iii) diameter of wheel at inlet and iv)
width of wheel at inlet. Draw the suitable velocity triangle.
arn

14. With a neat sketch explain the working of governing of impulse turbine. Evaluate
BTL5
PART - C ( 15 MARKS )
Le

S.No QUESTIONS LEVEL COMPETENCE

1. As inward flow reaction turbine has external and internal diameter as
1.0m and 0.6m respectively. The hydraulic efficiency of the turbine is
w.

90% when the head on the turbine is 36m. The velocity of flow at outlet
is 2.5 m/s and discharge at outlet is radial. if the vane angle at outlet is
ww

150 and width of the wheel is 100mm at inlet and outlet ,determine (i) the BTL4 Analyze
guide blade angle (ii) speed of the turbine (iii) vane angle of the runner at
inlet (iv) volume flow rate of turbine (v) power developed.
2. A Kaplan turbine runner is to be designed to develop 7357 KW shaft
power. The net available head is 5.50m.Assume that the speed ratio is
2.09 and flow ratio is 0.68 and the overall efficiency is 60%.The BTL4 Analyze
rd
diameter of the boss is 1/3 of the diameter of the runner. Find the
diameter of the runner, its speed and its specific speed.
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3. A 137 mm diameter jet of water issuing from a nozzle impinges on the

buckets of a pelton wheel and the jet is deflected through an angle of
1650 by the buckets. The head available at the nozzle is 400m. Assuming
co-efficient of velocity as 0.97,speed ratio as 0.46 and reduction in
BTL3 Apply
relative velocity while passing through buckets as 15% find
(i) The force exerted by the jet on buckets in tangential direction.
(ii) The power developed.

.in
4. A propeller reaction turbine of runner diameter 4.5 m is running at 40

ng
rpm .the guide blade angle at inlet is 1450 and runner blade angle at
outlet is 250to the direction of vane. The axial flow area of water through

eri
runner is 25 m2.If the runner blade angle at inlet is radial determine:
BTL4 Analyze
(i) Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine
(ii) Discharge through turbine e
gin
(iii) Power developed by the turbine and
(v) Specifi speed of the turbine.
En
arn
Le
w.
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