Impact of Sleep Deprivation on the Academic Performance of STEM-12 Students in Our

Lady of Fatima University During COVID-19 Pandemic

Fertine June A. Alabe1234, Christine Jean C. Beulne1234, Kathlene B. Candelario1234, Ma. Chelsea B. Gonzales, Nicole P.
Jamandre1234, Vynizia Tanya P. Jayoma1234, Alexandra P. Maca1234, Lawrence Angelo F. Mana-ay1234, Vladimir Marc A.
Batayan2345

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STEM
2
SHS Department
3
K to 12 Program
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Our Lady of Fatima University

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Research Adviser

October, 2021
 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that the research paper titled “Impact of Sleep Deprivation on the
Academic Performance of STEM-12 Students in Our Lady of Fatima University during
COVID-19 Pandemic” is an outcome of independent and original works done by the
authors and is being submitted as a subject requirement duly acknowledged all the
sources from which the ideas and extracts have been taken. This research paper does not
contain any material previously published or written by another person nor material
which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any degree or diploma in
Our Lady of Fatima University.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The researchers wish to warmly express their gratitude to the following persons
who have given them support in their study:

Dhonny P. Bacuyag, M.Sc., Principal, for giving the researchers more

opportunities to finish this study;

Vladimir Marc A. Batayan, the researcher’s Thesis Adviser, for his never
ending advice and reminders to finish this study, for sharing her precious comments, for
checking and editing this study and lastly for guiding the researchers in their work;

Lawrence Angelo F. Mana-ay, the research leader who gives courage all the
way that encouraged and made sure that researchers gave what it takes to finish all tasks.

Parents, who gave financial and moral support. They really are God-sent; they
have always been the foundation of all the good and best in the researchers.

Respondents, who agreed to participate in the research paper and was also one of
the key people in the study to answer the research questions.

Lastly, Almighty God, for giving us inspiration, determination, and strength to

finish the research.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I. Abstract ……………………………………………………………………… 1

II. Chapter 1

Introduction ………………………………………………………………. 2

Statement of the problem ...……………………………………………..... 3

Scopes and Delimitations ………………………………………….......... 4

Significance of the Study ……………………………………………...... 5

Definition of Terms …………………………………………………....... 7

III. Chapter 2

Local …………………………………………………………………….. 9

Foreign …………………………………………………………….…….. 11

Theoretical Framework …………………………………………………. 13

Conceptual Framework …………………………………………………. 15

Conceptual Framework Figure 1 ……………………………………….. 16

IV. Chapter 3

Research Design ………………………………………………………… 17

Research Locale ………………………………………............................ 18

 Research Subject ………………………………………......................... 18

Research Ethics ………………………………………………………... 19

Research Instrument …………………………………………………… 22

Data Gathering Procedure ……………………………………………... 22

Statistical Treatment …………………………………………………… 23

V. Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data ……………………… 25

VI. Chapter 5

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………... 39

Recommendation ………………………………………………………. 40

VII. References ………………………………………………………………. 41

VIII. Survey Question ………………………………………………………... 42

IX. Appendices ……………………………………………………………….. 51

 ABSTRACT

This study tackles information regarding the influence of sleep deprivation on the

academic performance that is being accustomed to by the STEM 12 students of Our Lady

of Fatima University during this time of pandemic. The grade 12 students of the said

school, ranging from 17 to 19 years of age, will be the respondents of the research study.

To be able to gather information supporting this study, the researchers conducted an

online survey which was given to the chosen participants by means of quota sampling.

Researchers selected 50 respondents from STEM 12 students at Our Lady of Fatima

University who are experiencing sleep deprivation to be the respondents of this study.

The statistical method that was employed was descriptive statistics. According to the

findings, lack of sleep has an impact on students' academic performance and can lead to

poor performance and can affect students' ability to concentrate while studying.

Respondents advise students to be aware of the potential consequences of not getting

enough sleep on their daily activities, as well as the possibility of illness.

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 Chapter 1
The Problem and its Background

Introduction

The increased intake of coffee is one element that has led to sleep deprivation.
Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive chemical on the planet, with 80 percent of
the population ingesting it on a daily basis. Then there's binge-watching late at night.
With all of the streaming options available to users, such as Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon
Video, binge-viewing, or watching multiple episodes of a television show in one sitting,
has become increasingly popular. These services may be seen on your television or on
another electronic device such as a laptop, tablet, or phone (Barhum, 2021). Also, the rise
of online gaming and social media usage. Video games, according to Australian experts,
have a deleterious influence on sleep. Despite retiring to bed at a regular hour, teenagers
awakened often during the night. “Rather of going to bed and relaxing, we're enticed to
play more video games. This makes you want to eat squash first thing in the morning"
(Richter, 2020). PUBG is the finest online game ever, according to (Sourav, 2021). In
2020, mobile PUBG was the highest-grossing game, with $2.6 billion in sales. It's also
been downloaded more than 730 million times (Curry, 2021). Finally, according to
Sümen and Evgin (2021), the most popular social media sites are Facebook, YouTube,
WhatsApp, Instagram, WeChat, TikTok, and QQ. According to the Digital 2021: Global
Overview Report, time spent on social media has increased 1.5 times in the preceding 5
years. An increase in the prevalence of social media addiction, which may result in poor
sleep quality.

Human beings need a sufficient amount of sleep which is seven to nine hours per
night in order to function properly. Studies show that sleep is beneficial to human
learning, metabolism, immune system, and other vital functions. Also, it is crucial to
determine the difference between sleep quantity and sleep quality and how it can affect
your body and mind for the whole day. Adequate sleep can avoid serious health problems
and helps to improve mood, concentration, and memory. Unfortunately, literature shows
that a lot of students can’t have sufficient sleep that is essential for them to have a
productive mind during online classes especially that we are in a midst of pandemic.

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 The main objective of this research is to, first evaluate the gathered data to form a
solution to the problems related to this and to understand the impact of sleep deprivation
on the academic performance of students. Next, is to give information and understanding
about the significance of getting adequate sleep, as well as the factors that contribute to
poor sleep quality. This study may also assist pupils in having a clear understanding of
the consequences of not getting enough sleep. Finally, this may help students see a way
to overcome the detrimental consequences of low sleep quality on their academic
performance.

This manuscript may benefit to students and aspiring parents. They could make
use of this as one of their bases in creating a solution for the problem related to this. This
may also be beneficial to future researchers who will conduct research close to this. They
may use this as one of their related literature. Lastly, this manuscript may give knowledge
to the next generation about the impact of sleep deprivation on the academic performance
of students.

Statement of the Problem

The study is being conducted to determined how SLEEP DEPRIVATION affects the
academic performance of STEM-12 of Our Lady of Fatima University. This study aims
to know;

1. What is the demographic profile of the STEM-12 students in terms of;

a. Age
b. Sex

2. How does poor sleep quality affects students?

a. Illnesses
b. Loose of time management

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3. Do respondents sleeps frequently?

a. Loose schedule
b. On busy day

4. What will happen to the student's academic performance when sleep deprivation
continues?

a. Poor academic performance

b. Impaired mood/ behavior problems

Hypothesis

Ha: There is a significant effect between sleep deprivation and students’ academic
performance

Ho: There is no significant effect between sleep deprivation and students’ academic
performance

Scopes and Delimitations

The general intent of this study is to cite information regarding to the influence of
sleep deprivation towards the academic performance that is being accustomed by the
STEM 12 students of Our Lady of Fatima University during in this time of pandemic.
The grade 12 students of the said school ranging from 17 to 19 years of age will be the
respondents of the research study. This review inquires to focus on the exploration of the
gathered statistics of the researchers to conduct simple statistical analyses to aggregate all
the given data.

This study will mainly identify the impact of sleep deprivation towards academic
of performance in every student. It will be focusing on the young adults of the generation
in the school of Our Lady of Fatima University. Also, this study aspires the researchers to
develop and assists the Grade 12 students to acquire time performance towards their

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academic. It delimits the study with a limited range of student of Our Lady of Fatima
Students to concentrate or focus only for the Grade-12 STEM students.

Significance of the Study

Significance to the Respondents

Inadequate sleep on students has become an important issue to society during

pandemic considering that it has a substantial possibility that it can affect the academic
performance of teenagers. The main purpose of this study is to define the effects of sleep
deprivation on the academic performance of online senior high school students. The
result of the study will benefit the respondents which are the Grade 12 students of Our
Lady of Fatima University by knowing how does inadequate sleep affects their academic
performance. It will provide students realization that having the proper amount of sleep
can help to improve academic performance as well as concentration during synchronous
classes. Also, in the process of conducting the study, the students should have gained
knowledge on how do they take care of their health and balance their time to avoid
complications. At the end of the study, students are expected to comprehend the possible
outcomes of not having enough sleep. They are also expected to understand the ways on
how to prevent those casualties.

Significance to the Researchers

It is important to study the role of this research because the researchers believe
that it can help students especially those who experience sleep deprivation. This research
paper will also have respondents who actually experienced sleep deprivation in the midst
of the pandemic, as this paper develops the researchers will also be more enlightened
about the topic they are studying with the start of the new education system last year it
had a huge impact on the lack of sleep of the students including here the researchers. If
you don't know how to manage time you will have difficulty sleeping because lack of
sleep is a choice, we can't deny that today's students have one of their sayings is "Due
date is the Do date" here you will know that a student’s choice is to stay awake so they
are lacking in sleep. This research paper will provide knowledge because this study will

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gather information that can help researchers and those will be the respondent to further
increase knowledge about the sleep deprivation of students in the midst of the pandemic.

Significance to the Parents

The study in this research paper is useful for parents so that they can be better
informed about their children's experience of lack of sleep in the midst of a pandemic.
Learning a student is not easy especially now in the midst of the pandemic, “online class”
a new system faced by students since last year. Here the students experience to divide
their time between household chores and school activities, so most of them are able to do
night modules which is one of the reasons why they are still awake and experience lack
of sleep.

Through the results of this research, parents can gather information that will help
them better understand why their children are sometimes late waking up and lose their
appetite every time they wake up. Our energies are also affected when you lack sleep,
because by doing activities or modules they keep their bodies and minds working and
those are the possible reasons why students fail to take care of themselves.

Significance to the Students

Millions of students are suffering from sleep deprivation that affects their daily
activities. The direct recipients of the generalization of this study are the students that are
enduring sleep deprivation. The findings of this study will provide insights to the students
not only the senior high school students in Our Lady of Fatima University but also the
students that are experiencing this type of dilemma on how do they handle having
inadequate sleep. Also, this research will provide awareness to the students about sleep
deprivation, what are the things that cause it, and how it can affect their academic
performance. This will also serve as a message to the students of what are the possible
effects of not having enough sleep on the daily activities and the attainable illness that
they may have. Moreover, this study presumes the improvement of the academic
performance of the students and decreases the rate of the students that are experiencing
sleep deprivation.

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Definition of the Terms

For a better understanding of this study, the following terms are defined in the context of
this research using operational definitions.

1. Inadequate Sleep.

 Such as not sleeping long enough overall or having poor quality sleep—
affects both how we feel and how we function. Short-term effects can include
drowsiness or sleepiness, irritability, reduced alertness, poor motor skills, and
attention problems.

2. Productive

• Being productive means that students know how to manage their time
properly and effectively.

3. Psychoactive.

• Also called psychotropic, is a term that is applied to chemical substances that

change a person's mental state by affecting the way the brain and nervous
system work. This can lead to intoxication, which is often the main reason
people choose to take psychoactive drugs.

4. Sleep Deprivation

• It refers to students who are suffering from a lack of sleep.

5. Sleep Duration.

 Refers to the total amount of sleep obtained, either during the nocturnal sleep
episode or across the 24-h period.

6. Sleep Quality.

 Defined as one's satisfaction of the sleep experience, integrating aspects of

sleep initiation, sleep maintenance, sleep quantity, and refreshment upon
awakening.

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7. Sleep Quantity

 This pertains to the amount of sleep that students obtain on a daily basis.

8. Social Media Addiction.

 A behavioral addiction that is defined by being overly concerned about social

media, driven by an uncontrollable urge to log on to or use social media, and
devoting so much time and effort to social media that it impairs other
important life areas.

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 Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the ideas, generalizations, or conclusions of the related

literature and studies of both local and foreign sources. Data that was gathered and
included in this chapter helps in familiarizing and reviewing the information that is
relevant and similar to the present study. The review of the literature for this study
focused on the impact on the academic performance of students at Our Lady of Fatima
University on the factor of sleep deprivation. It provides insight for students to fully
comprehend the importance of getting enough sleep and how it will affect their academic
performance. The studies that the researchers gathered contained the factors and results
of the Covid 19 pandemic among students during the quarantine period in which students
adopted vigilance with their gadgets.

Local

Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Academic Performance among Selected Lyceum of the

Philippines University –Cavite Students School Year 2017 - 2018 b Costa, Olsen M.
Cubcubin, Kate Zinnia P. Dimailig, Krizia Camil R. Edjan, Danielle May A. Erni, Aeron
Ace Joshua F. Garcia, Maria Isidra Cassandra M. Kim, Yeil Lu, Shelley O. Mojica, Anne
Jelene R. Pucate, Lizbeth Angelika N. Renzales, James Jardi A. & Reyes, Kimberly P.,
2018

According to Costa, Cubcubin, Dimailig, Edjan, Erni, Garcia, Kim, Lu, Mojica,
Pucate, Renzales & Reyes (2018) sleep is very important to our bodies, because when we
sleep that is the only time we can relax the muscles in our body as well as our minds. It is
also necessary to have proper rest and proper sleep time for our memory, comprehension,
decision making and so on to function well Sleep is also one of the important roles we
play in ourselves to have a good mood or good body care because it causes weight gain
that if we neglect can harm our body. It also shows that it is necessary for you to have 7-
10 hours of sleep to get more energy and we can rest our body muscles and our minds for
a long time. Lack of sleep really affects the academic performance of students just as
much as the understanding of the lessons taught by teachers. Also most of the students
who experience sleep deprivation are severely affected their Academic performances due

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to lower cognition ability as a result of poor quality of sleep it also results in having their
own low grades. If you want to maintain the beauty of your academic performance you
must be able to learn to manage your time and not let it hinder the goal you should be
doing as if you should have a schedule that is followed so that your sleep is not disturbed.

Sleeping Habits, Classroom Behavior, and Acresult Performance of SHS Students by

Paul Junrey Arintoc Toyong, 2020

Owing to the overabundance of the utilization of social media, students no longer

value or just disregard having adequate sleep time and quality. Based on Junrey &
Toyong (2021) students' excessive use of social media depletes their energy levels,
making it difficult for them to function effectively inside the classroom. Aside from that,
spending too much time playing online games during the night takes away the time that is
supposedly for getting ready for bed. And instead of sleeping before 10 pm, students
become prone to the usage of electronic gadgets, causing them to not get the necessary
amount of sleep for adolescents, which is 8-10 hours. Furthermore, by dealing with their
homework and assignments throughout the night. If there’s a ton of work assigned by
their teacher, students will choose to set aside having enough sleep quality so they can
complete or lessen the list of homework. In conjunction with this, students aren't getting
enough rest and sleep because of their overload of responsibilities and obligations, and as
a result, they tend to sleep in class during the vacant time or suddenly fall asleep due to
exhaustion. Getting enough sleep plays a big role for students' academic performance.
Based on the surveys they accumulated, the average score of students with consistent
sleep patterns and schedules was higher compared to those who had insufficient sleep.
When we lack sleep, we have difficulty understanding what instructors are teaching us.
We also have difficulty concentrating in class because we feel sleepy and tired.
Eventually, we become forgetful and as a result, there is a higher occurrence of sleeping
inside the classroom that has a negative impact on academic performance.

The Effects of Sleep Deprivation Towards the Academic Performance of Ustp- Oroquieta
Students by Steve Embang, 2021

Not all of the students are having enough sleep every day, it is because of the
heavy workload of school works, procrastination, health problems, or other

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responsibilities aside from studying. Embang (2021) concludes that sleep deprivation
affects the academic performance of the students. The study shows that plenty of students
these days doesn’t value sleep that much which results to have an improper body clock
and being incapable to attend virtual classes causes to have poor academic performance.
Students should have time management and a good environment to have adequate sleep
and to avoid illnesses. Also, parents should be involved as a guardian of students.

Foreign

Students’ attitude and sleep pattern during school closure following COVID-19
pandemic quarantine: a web-based survey in south of Iran by Keivan Ranjbar,
Hamidreza Hosseinpour, Reza Shahriarirad, Haleh Ghaem, Khoubyar Jafari, Tayebeh
Rahimi, Alireza Mirahmadizadeh & Parisa Hosseinpour,2021

Based on the research of Ranjbar, Hosseinpour, Shahriarirad, Ghaem, Jafari,

Rahimi, Mirahmadizadeh & Hosseinpour (2021) their aim was to determine the effects of
lockdown and school closure on key aspects of children’s lives, particularly on sleep
patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on their results 20,697 chief
questionnaires were received from participants with an average age of 13.76 years; 29.7%
of them were male, 80.6% were from urban areas, and 83.3% were from public schools.
Regarding their sleep patterns, the majority (53.5%) had more than 12 hours of sleep
throughout the day. With the onset of the lockdown due to the COVID 19 pandemic we
will know that the lifestyle of the people or of the students has changed due to the use of
gadgets and focus on online games.

They prepared questions in which they would evaluate the students regarding
their priorities during the Quarantine period. The point or highlight of their study is that
students have been focusing too much on gadgets and online games since Quarantine
began where they have adopted and are no longer having proper sleep.

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Why Are Teenagers So Sleep-Deprived? By Juliann Garey, 2021

According to Garey (2021) emphasized that the study shows instances related to
sleep deprivation in teenagers. This includes their mannerisms regarding the
inappropriate use of their gadgets affecting their sleep schedule, leading to them being
sleep-deprived. This also includes having an overload of homework assigned by their
teachers. Based on the findings of her study, Students are staying up all night in order for
them to reduce their designated tasks and be able to complete their homework. Aside
from that, she stated that in her country, teens were told to have a good background in
order to have a better application form, which led to students over-pressuring themselves
to engage in various extracurricular activities. Therefore, it is rare for students to have
complete sleep. Katrina is one of them. She takes five academic classes and is also
involved in three theatrical plays. Besides that, she works 13 hours a week to help pay for
summer theater and to save money for college. And when she comes home from work,
she will begin working on her homework. This indicates that students nowadays
prioritize other activities rather than getting enough sleep.

Impact of Poor Sleep Quality on the Academic Performance of Medical Students by

Maheshwari Ganpat and Faizan Shaukat, 2019

Enough sleep plays a big and crucial role in maintaining the learning skills and
memory retentivity of a student. It is essential to refresh the minds and bodies of humans
to process information, perform things, and function efficiently on a daily basis. It can
increase the energy and the focus of the mind and has a lot of benefits for either physical
or mental health. A recent study by Maheshwari & Shaukat (2019) concluded that
numerous medical students from the college have poor sleep quality, though there are
also plenty of students that have regular sleep. Yet, most of the students that have regular
sleep still experience daytime dysfunction almost every day. As a result of related
literature, Sudanese students who got A got more sleep than those who got C. This shows
the academic performance of a student can be affected by inadequate sleep. Also,
students experience sleep disorders from being sleep deprived as a result of high stress
and pressure. However, the literature has its gaps and limitations, which means that the

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other causes of sleep deprivation cannot be addressed. This paper will indicate and
expound on those causes and their effect on humans.

Theoretical Framework

Rest is essential for good health and well-being, as well as learning, developing,
and sustaining physical and mental health. According to studies, insufficient sleep,
increased short-term sleep, and staying up all night and waking up early are all linked to
worse learning capacity, academic performance, and neurocognitive functions. Memory
consolidation requires sleep, which is critical for academic success. The poor academic
performance in children and adults is linked to the amount of sleep described by
individuals as delayed or improper sleep, waking up too late, especially on weekends, and
daytime tiredness.

The point of the study was to determine if there was an influence of sleep quality
to the student's academic performance. Sleep disruptions, in particular, are likely to have
a detrimental influence on academic performance, creating a vicious cycle.

The Effect of Sleep Quality On Students Achievement by Jalali R, Khazei H, Paveh BK,
Hayranzi Z, & Menati L, 2020

This research was based on the study of Jalali, Khazaei, Paveh, Harayni & Meanti
(2020) in Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery’ where they stated that “stress from lack of
sleep causes poor school performance”. On the other hand, Dewald and colleagues (2010)
emphasized that “because of the diversity of the methodology of studies, it is impossible
to definitely derive a relationship between sleep quality and academic performance, and
thus more longitudinal intervention studies are warranted”. The study will be focusing on
the significant effect of the sleep quality on the student’s achievement, where in it shows
that, when presented with complicated mathematical problems, people who received
enough sleep utilized imaginative answers twice as often as those who didn't. It explains
that, students who did not get enough sleep had a higher likelihood of failing

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academically for one or more years than those who got enough sleep. Factors that can
affect the academic performance of the students are lack of sleep at night, late going to
bed, and daytime sleepiness. Sleep time is important to the students as Jalali et. al, (2020)
stated that “under-sleeping would have an impact on learning of some students, and could
have a detrimental effect on academic achievement. Further, another review study also
suggests a conclusive recommendation which has to be done to modify sleep so that it
can be used for academic success”. When all of the research are combined together, it
will result into a large consists of the students who have poor sleep quality. The results
showed no significant difference between students with excellent grades and those with
low grades based on the quality of sleep questionnaire ratings. Both groups, however,
experienced moderate to severe sleep disruptions.

This review is designed to a definitive conclusion on the influence of poor sleep

quality to the student’s execution of performance along with its factors that is being
situated to the problem. An ongoing 24-hour cycle is present in all aspects of human
functioning, including the nervous system that supports an individual’s ability to maintain
academic function. Sleep deprivation among the university students is notable and
pervasive phenomenon that affects the students’ life adversely. The literature review has
provided an overview on the outcome on having a lack of sleep in which act on the
students individual learning studiously and their neurocognitive functions. Each aspect of
the review provided profound information’s and aspect on sleep deprivation as
researched in the literature. It proposes the contributions in having inadequate sleep
which are short-term sleep and going to sleep late then getting up early which feasibly
result to emotional instability and impaired concentration. It also assesses viable
pernicious effect that could have on the scholastic achievement along with decisive
guidance that is needed to be done to improve sleep that can be utilized for academic
gain.

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Conceptual Framework

This diagram shows the flow of the study using the Input - Process - Output (IPO)
model. It is made to be more understandable on the central idea of the impact of sleep
deprivation that affect the capability of the students of learning during online classes. The
first box shows the input of the study, which enumerated the questions of the study. This
aims to answer the following: 1. What is the demographic profile of the STEM-12
students in terms of; 2. How does poor sleep quality affects students? 3. How frequently
do respondents sleep? 4. What will happen to the student's academic performance when
sleep deprivation continues? The second box shows the process … The third box shows
the product or the outcome of the study which is also the desired output of the gathered
analysis.

The literature on the subject will serve as a guide for the manuscript. The
demographic profile will also be included in the manuscript. The paper will be led by the
topic's theory. The researchers hope that the manuscript will lead to a shift in a student
who experiencing Sleep Deprivation. Finally, the researchers anticipate that the findings
will show that Sleep deprivation affects our learning.

15
Conceptual Framework Figure 1: The illustration shows the IPO process that the
researcher will be using for the rest of the research process.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Statement of the 1. Research on the

Problem: significant effect of the
Ha: There is a significant
1. What is the study
effect between sleep
demographic profile of
2. Data collection of deprivation and students’
the STEM-12 students in
student's profile academic performance
terms of;
•Age 3.Administering
Ho: There is no significant
•Sex questionnaires
effect between sleep
2. How does poor sleep 4. Organization of deprivation and students’
quality affects students? student’s responses academic performance
3. Do respondent sleep
5. Statistical analysis of
frequently?
the gathered data
4. What happens when
sleep deprivation 6. The interpretation and
continues? research conclusion

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 Chapter 3
Research Methodology

According to Mehta (2020), research methodology is the specific procedures or

techniques used which helps the researchers to identify, select, process, and analyze
information. It allows the readers to evaluate the validity and reliability of the study in the
research paper. This chapter mainly focuses on the research methods and procedures used
by the researchers to get the results of their research. Specifically, research design,
research locale, research subject, research ethics, research instrument, data gathering
procedure and statistical treatment used by researchers to obtain accurate data analysis.

Research Design

According to Bhandari (2020), a Quantitative research is the process of collecting

and analyzing numerical data in research. It can also be used to find patterns and means,
make predictions, test causality, and generalize results to a much wider audience. It is
also commonly used in the natural and social sciences. The results of this study apply to
the general public, so the studies conducted by the researchers are quantitative. The
quantitative research in this study also aimed to generate knowledge and understand the
impact of sleep deprivation on the academic performance of STEM12 students at Our
Lady of Fatima University during the COVID19 pandemic, in which researchers
Research is observing phenomena or events that affect students. Researchers will analyze
the data for correlations and validate the criteria used in the study. The analysis is applied
to the research paper, the researchers draw conclusions, and the steps taken to develop the
research are measured. Attitudes and experience are just a few of the variables that
researchers are conducting or analyzing and that can measure the impact of student sleep
deprivation on academic performance.

Descriptive research designs answer what, where, when, and how to ask, but not
why. It’s also allows you to study one or more variables using a variety of study methods.
Descriptive Research design will be used by the researchers. This design will help with
the development of the research paper because it will describe the subject's behavior

17
without the researchers influencing or manipulating the variables or patterns in any way.
It can also provide a description of the nature of the population or phenomenon studied
by researchers. The researchers also believe that this choice is appropriate because
the aim of the study was to identify characteristics related to the impact of sleep
deprivation on student performance, how often students were awake, and how often
students were awake and causes of sleep deprivation among students.

Research Locale

In conducting this research, the researchers use online as their platform in

gathering data and in conducting the survey because the researchers are not able to
perform it face to face because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The site of their study will
be at Our Lady of the Fatima University in Hilltop Mansion Heights Novaliches Quezon
City, Philippines. The researcher chose that place because the students are capable in
providing the needed number of the respondents and as well as it can supply the
information that needed information that the study needs to conduct. Also, we decided to
choose this place because we are targeting the Grade 12 STEM students and Our Lady of
the Fatima University can offer this type of respondent.

Research Subject

The researchers will conduct the survey throughout the Grade 12 STEM students
of Our Lady of Fatima University. The surveys will be given to the presidents/secretaries
that will be handed out to those students that are selected in their class. Our Lady of
Fatima University has a lot of grade 12 enrolled students particularly in the STEM strand
in the school year 2021-2022. However, only 51 surveys will be distributed to the
selected students. The survey will be received by a 51 STEM-12 respondents in total. The
respondents are all taking the same and equal subject of STEM 12 and they are most
likely having a hard time studying during this pandemic due to having a lot of activity
and performances to accomplish. In the survey, researchers will ask many questions
regarding sleep deprivation’s effects on the human body and mind and also the student’s

18
experience towards it. The researchers' questions include the number of hours of sleep,
their current GWA, activeness, and productivity during the daytime, and their behavior
towards other people.

To carry out the study, researchers will be using quota sampling that is very
useful for them. They will ask grade 12 students from STEM strands to gather 100
respondents that are having and not having enough sleep. This sampling method will
benefit the researcher to save much time and effort for gathering data and respondents
depending on their traits or characteristic. The survey will be used by the researchers to
compare and contrast the amount of sleep to the academic performance of a student and
how does insufficient sleep affects their daily lives. The researchers designed the survey
to only have multiple choice questions to limit bias and inaccurate results and to be
anonymous to protect the privacy of the respondents.

Research Ethics

According to the Norwegian National Research Ethics Committees (2019),

"Research ethics refers to a wide variety of values, norms, and institutional arrangements
that help constitute and regulate scientific activities." It is the norms for conduct that
distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. It entails the application of
guidelines and methods as well as the responsibility of researchers to ensure that
participants are not subjected to serious physical harm or distress, as well as the
responsibility of researchers to inform participants about the limitations, expectations,
and requirements associated with their role as researchers. Research ethics is consistent
with the principle of self-regulation of academic freedom. The main responsibility of a
research ethics committee is to protect potential participants in the research, but it must
also take into account potential risks and benefits for the community in which the
research will be carried out. Its ultimate goal is to promote high ethical standards in
research for health. Research ethics are moral principles that guide researchers to conduct
and report research without deception or intention to harm the participants of the study or
members of the society as a whole, whether knowingly or unknowingly.

19
 Respect for people incorporates at least two ethical convictions: first, that
individuals should be treated as autonomous, and second, that people with diminished
autonomy should be protected. Respect for autonomy implies acknowledging that
autonomous agents are entitled to hold their viewpoints, are free to make choices, and act
voluntarily according to their values, beliefs, and preferences. Researchers will ensure
that participants will never be forced by someone else to do something they disagree
with. And participants with diminished autonomy are entitled to additional protections as
they are incapable of making an accurate decision on their own. In general, all people
have intrinsic and unconditional worth, and therefore, should have the power to make
rational decisions and moral choices, and each should be allowed to exercise participants’
capacity for self-determination.

Non-maleficence is the obligation of a researcher not to inflict harm intentionally

and to minimize the risk of harm to participants. Researchers will make sure not to create
studies that are designed to intentionally hurt or harm participants. Possible harm can
include physical harm to participants, psychological distress and discomfort, social
disadvantage, and financial harm. To minimize the risk of harm, researchers should think
about obtaining informed consent from participants, protecting the anonymity and
confidentiality of participants, avoiding deceptive practices when designing research, and
providing participants with the right to withdraw from their research at any time. In a
conclusion, harm should not come to individuals as a result of their participation in a
research project.

The principle of beneficence is the obligation of physician to act for the benefit of
the patient and supports a number of moral rules to protect and defend the right of others,
prevent harm, remove conditions that will cause harm, help persons with disabilities, and
rescue persons in danger. Beneficence can roughly be understood to mean having the
interests of research participants in mind. The principle of beneficence is behind efforts
by researchers to minimize risks to participants and maximize benefits to participants and
society. For example, when considering a research design, the principle of beneficence
should cause us to ask if there is another way that we could obtain the same knowledge
but with lower risks to participants. It is worth emphasizing that, in distinction to non-

20
maleficence, the language here is one of positive requirements. The principle calls for not
just avoiding harm, but also to benefit patients and to promote their welfare. While
physicians’ beneficence conforms to moral rules, and is altruistic, it is also true that in
many instances it can be considered a payback for the debt to society for education (often
subsidized by governments), ranks and privileges, and to the patients themselves
(learning and research). The definition of beneficence is action that is done for the
benefit of others. Also Beneficence is a concept in research ethics which states that
researchers should have the welfare of the research participant as a goal of any clinical
trial or other research study.

Justice may be defined as the ethical obligation to distribute the benefits and
burdens of research fairly. It’s like dictating that researchers be fair to the participants.
This principle requires that researchers are always fair to the participants in their research
and that the needs of research participants should always come before the objectives of
the study. Where compliance with this principle might sometimes prove challenging for
researchers is in ensuring that all groups in society, regardless of how vulnerable they
might be perceived to be, are able to benefit from being involved in research. Not
involving, or making it difficult to involve, any patient group in clinical research could be
described unjust. It could be argued that all patients invited to participate in research are
vulnerable because of the possible power relationship between them and the researchers.
There are, however, some groups who are clearly more vulnerable than others. Older
people, children and young people, people with mental health problems and people who
might lack the capacity to consent for themselves might all add a complexity to the
conduct of a research project, especially with regard to seeking informed consent, but this
does not mean that researchers should not seek to undertake research with these groups. It
addresses the distribution of the burdens and benefits of research. That is, it should not be
the case that one group in society bears the costs of research while another group reaps its
benefits. Issues of justice arise most strongly around questions about the selection of
participants.

21
Research Instrument

Surveying using social media platforms will be the only instrument to be used in this
study.

The first part is the demographic profile of the stem-12 students, in this section
the respondents allows the researchers to better understand the background of the
respondent characteristics. The second is if poor sleep quality affect students, in this
section the researchers will be able to know it the poor sleep quality could affect the
students in different circumstances. The third is does respondents sleeps frequently, in
this section the researchers will know if the respondents gets sleep every day and if they
have a full time of sleep. The latter is if the student academic performance sleep
deprivation continues, in this section the researchers will examine if sleep deprivation can
affect the student academic performance if it continues.

The interview guide is made up of open-ended questions that are semi structured.
As a result, the informants were able to offer their preferred answer. The interviewer
might probe and seek clarification with these questions in the view of the fact that they
were open-ended. They provide a background for the respondent's response, but there
were limitations.

Data Gathering Procedure

1. The researcher finds a relevant respondent and ask for the voluntariness of the
respondents
2. After asking a permission, orient the respondents with their rights that they can
refuse, not answer the questions and not be forced to answer it
3. The source of the researcher’s information is through primary data collection.
4. Primary data was collected through questionnaire using Google forms.
5. Using google forms. The researchers made a Google form asking for the
participants a demographic profile and close-ended question.

22
 6. The researcher took down notes of the answers of the respondents.
7. The researchers made sure to double check all the questionnaires.

Statistical Treatment

Statistical treatment of data is essential to make use of the data organization in the
right form which is equally important to draw an appropriate conclusion. It applies some
form of statistical method to a data set to transform it from a group of meaningless
numbers into meaningful output. As soon as the gathered data are compelled, sorted,
organized, and tabulated they were subject to statistical treatment to answer the question
proposed by the study. The statistical method that is employed was the descriptive
statistics which has three characteristics.

1) Descriptive Statistics
A descriptive statistic summarizes and describe the basic feature data in the study
and provide a simple overview about the sample and measures together with simple
graphic analysis to form the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of a data. It
aids to simplify a large amount of data in a sensible way and each reduces lots of data
into a simpler summary.

a) Frequency and Percentage Distribution

It is a display of data that specifies the percentage of observations exist for
each data point or grouping of data points. The process of creating frequency and
percentage distribution involves identifying the total number of observations to be
presented and counting the total number of observations within each data points
or grouping of data points.

f
FORMULA: P= × 100
N

Where:
P = percentage

23
 f = frequency (total number of results)
N = number of respondents

b) Central Tendency
The measures of central tendency focus on the average or middle values of
data sets and describes the center position of a distribution for a data set. It
analyzes the frequency of each data point in the distribution describes by the use
of mean, median, or mode, which measures the most common patterns of the
analyzed data.

Σxi
FORMULA: μ=
N

Where:
Σxi = sum of all data μ = population mean N = total number of data points
c) Measure of Variability
The measure of spread ease in analyzing how dispersed the distribution is
for a set of data that helps communicate by describing the shape and spread of the
data set. It has two common measures of dispersion, the range which is simply the
highest value minus the lowest value and the standard deviation that is more
accurate and detailed estimate of dispersion.

√
2
FORMULA: σ = ∑ ( X−x )
n−1
Where: σ = standard deviation X = the value in the distribution (each score) x =
the sample mean n = total number of observation (number of values) Σ = means
sum across the values

The responses to the questionnaire of senior high school were statistically

analyzed with the data requirements of the study. To know if there is a significant
effect between sleep deprivation and students’ academic performance.

24
 Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis, and interpretation of Data

In this chapter, we present the findings of the study in illustrative tables and analysis, as
well as the interpretation based on the treatment data.

Section I- What is the demographic profile of the STEM-12 students in terms of;

Table 1

Distribution of Respondents According to Sex

Sex Frequency Percent

Male 5 23.5%
Female 46 76.5%
TOTAL 51 100%
ΣWx 4.1
Table 2

Residence Location Frequency Percent

Urban 47 91.8%
Rural 4 8.2%
TOTAL 51 100%
ΣWx 4.92
Distribution of Respondents According to Residence Location

Table 3

Distribution of Respondents According to Do you agree to participate in this study?

Do you agree to participate in Frequency Percent

25
 this study
Yes, I agree 51 100%
No, I don’t agree 0 0%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 5

Table 4

Distribution of Respondents According to Are you a working student?

Are you a working student? Frequency Percent

Yes 4 7.8%
No 47 92.2%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 4.08
Table 5

Distribution of Respondents According to Are you an Honor Student?

Are you an Honor Student? Frequency Percent

Yes 21 39.2%
No 30 60.8%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 4.41
Table 6

Distribution of Respondents According to In your own opinion, are you a morning person or a
night person?

In your own opinion, are you

a morning person or a night Frequency Percent
person?

Morning Person 10 19.6%

Night Person 28 54.9%
Either 13 25.5%

26
 Total 51 100%
ΣWx 3.94

Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

According to the section one of the research survey questions, most of the respondents
are of the research is female which consists of 76.5% while the male students are only consists of
23.5%. As of the moment majority of the respondents of the research are living in the Rural
specifically in Metro Manila. Based on the table 4 of the results majority of them are not a
working student and they are focused in the studies but they are some students that are currently
working. Students from the Our Lady of the Fatima University are not an honor student but there
are 21 peoples that is currently an honor student of the school. And lastly, most of the research
respondents are night person which means they lived at night or they want to do things at night.

Section II- How does poor sleep quality affects students?

Table 7

Distribution of Respondents According to Do you have Insomia?

Do you have Insomia? Frequency Percent

Yes 24 47.1%
No 27 52.9%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 4.52
Table 8

27
Distribution of Respondents According to How often you get headache when you have a poor
time of sleep?

How often you get headache

when you have a poor time of Frequency Percent
sleep?
Always 8 15.7%
Very Often 13 27.5%
Sometimes 23 43.1%
Rarely 4 7.8%
Never 3 5.9%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 0.06

Table 9

Distribution of Respondents According to Do you always cramp your projects/activities in

school?

Do you always cramp your

projects/activities in school? Frequency Percent
Always 9 18.7%
Very Often 4 7.5%
Sometimes 27 52.6%
Rarely 7 13.7%
Never 4 7.5%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 3.13
Table 10

Distribution of Respondents According to How often you feel that you might have a sick/feel
tired when you wake up?

How often you feel that you

might have a sick/feel tired Frequency Percent
when you wake up?

28
 Always 10 20%
Very Often 6 12%
Sometimes 18 36%
Rarely 14 28%
Never 3 4%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 3.12
Table 11

Distribution of Respondents According to Do you experience mental health problems? (Anxiety,

stress or depression)

Do you experience mental

health problems? (Anxiety, Frequency Percent
stress or depression)

Always 14 27.5%
Very Often 10 19.6%
Sometimes 23 45.1%
Rarely 3 7.8%
Never 2 0%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 3.66
Table 12

Distribution of Respondents According to When having an online class, did you participate in the
class?

When having an online class,

did you participate in the Frequency Percent
class?

Always 11 21.6%
Very Often 5 9.8%

29
 Sometimes 24 47.8%
Rarely 10 20.8%
Never 1 0%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 3.29

Table 13

Distribution of Respondents According to Rate yourself from1-5 how do you rate your sleep
quality? (1- is the lowest, 5- is the highest)

Rate yourself from1-5 how

do you rate your sleep
quality? (1- is the lowest, 5- Frequency Percent
is the highest)
1 0 0%
2 7 13.7%
3 26 51%
4 15 29.4%
5 3 5.9%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 2.73
Table 14

Distribution of Respondents According to Do you submit your project on time?

Do you submit your project Frequency Percent

on time?
Always 33 66.7%
Very Often 5 9.8%
Sometimes 13 23.5%
Rarely 0 0%

30
 Never 0 0%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 4.4

Table 15

Distribution of Respondents According to Do you have difficulty in concentrating, being

productive, completing your tasks and work in school?

Do you have difficulty in

concentrating, being
productive, completing your Frequency Percent
tasks and work in school?

Always 10 21.6%
Very Often 8 18.7%
Sometimes 26 49%
Rarely 5 10.7%
Never 2 0%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 3.38

Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

In section two of the research survey questions, it tells about how does the poor sleep
quality affects the students, according to the first table of the question most of the respondents
said that they don’t have an insomnia that can affect their sleep quality but they are some of them
that are experiencing insomnia that could affect their quality sleep. Most of the students from the
school cramp their works, activities or projects in schools but not always. Majority of the students

31
agreed that they might feel sick whenever they wake up in the morning for the reason of having
sleep deprive. Based on the research the students sometimes experienced having mental health
problems like anxiety, stress or even depression. They often participate in online class because of
having poor sleep quality. Most of the students rate themselves of having 3 as their rate in having
sleep quality and this is one of the reason why they don’t focus as much in online class. But most
of the respondents do submit projects on time which means they don’t pass it late. Concentrating,
being productive is one of the things that they need as a student but they don’t concentrate as
much because they vote “sometimes” in the question “Do you have difficulty in concentrating,
being productive, completing your tasks and work in school?”

Section III- Do respondents sleeps frequently?

Table 16

Distribution of Respondents According to How frequently do you feel sleepy during the day?

How frequently do you feel

sleepy during the day? Frequency Percent

Always 12 27.6%
Very Often 9 17.6%
Sometimes 19 33.3%
Rarely 9 17.6%
Never 2 3.9%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 2.26
Table 17

Distribution of Respondents According to When you were kid, did you get enough sleep?

When you were kid, did you

get enough sleep? Frequency Percent

Yes 45 88%
No 6 12%
Total 51 100%

32
 ΣWx 4.97

Table 18

Distribution of Respondents According to What time do you generally go to bed on a regular

basis?

What time do you generally

go to bed on a regular basis? Frequency Percent

7pm-8pm 0 0%
9pm-10pm 7 16.7%
11pm-12mn 26 45.1%
1am-2am 11 21.5%
3am-4am 7 16.7%
5am-6am 0 0%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 3.65

Table 19

Distribution of Respondents According to How frequently do you use sleeping drugs to get to
sleep?

How frequently do you use

sleeping drugs to get to sleep? Frequency Percent

Always 0 0%
Very Often 0 0%
Sometimes 3 8.8%
Rarely 0 0%
Never 48 91.2%
Total 51 100%

33
 ΣWx 2.12

Table 20

Distribution of Respondents According to When do you usually get up in the morning?

When do you usually get up

in the morning? Frequency Percent

4am 0 0%
5am 1 2%
6am 7 13.7%
7am 14 27.4%
8am 6 11.8%
After 8am 23 45.1%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 2.26

Table 21

Distribution of Respondents According to In a 24-hour period, how many hours of sleep do you
get?

In a 24-hour period, how

many hours of sleep do you Frequency Percent
get?

Less than 3 hours 2 3.9%

4 hours 3 5.9%
5 hours 5 9.8%
6 hours 10 19.6%
7 hours 13 25.5%
8 hours 10 19.7%
9 hours 4 7.8%
More than 9 hours 4 7.8%

34
 Total 51 100%
ΣWx 4.86

Table 22

Distribution of Respondents According to Do you take sleeping pills just to get sleep?

Do you take sleeping pills

just to get sleep? Frequency Percent

Yes 4 6%
No 47 94%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 4.08

Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

Section 3 tells about the did the respondents sleeps frequently, according to the first table of the
first question most of the respondents do feel sleepy in the morning but not always as they answer
sometimes. Most of the respondents agreed that when they are a kid they do always get enough
sleep everyday which means they do have enough sleep when they are a kid. Majority of the
respondents sleeps between 11pm -12nn which is not prescribed by the experts because as per the
experts the students with the age of 17-18 years old must sleep between 10pm-11pm. Most of the
students they don’t take sleeping drugs just to get sleeps but they are 5 students who take sleeping
drugs just to get enough sleep. According to the fifth question of the third section it tells that the
respondents usually gets up in their bed after 8am. Based on the survey most of the students have
a 7 hours of sleeps everyday which is not good in their health as what the experts said they need
8-9 hours of sleep every day.

Section IV- What will happen to the student’s academic performance when sleep
deprivation continues?

35
 Table 23

Distribution of Respondents According to Do you agree that lack of sleep affects your academic
performance?

Do you agree that lack of

sleep affects your academic Frequency Percent
performance?

Strongly Agree 15 27.5%

Agree 24 47.1%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 9 19.5%
Disagree 3 5.9%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 4

Table 24

Distribution of Respondents According to Do you agree that the cause of poor performance is
lack of sleep?

Do you agree that the cause

of poor performance is lack Frequency Percent
of sleep?

Strongly Agree 12 23.5%

Agree 20 39.2%
Neither Agree nor Disagree 14 27.5%
Disagree 5 9.8%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 3.77

Table 25

36
Distribution of Respondents According to Do you feel lazy to do school works whenever you
don’t get enough sleep?

Do you feel lazy to do school

works whenever you don’t
get enough sleep? Frequency Percent

Yes 45 84%
No 6 16%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 4.88

Table 26

Distribution of Respondents According to Did the lack of sleep affect your mood changes? Or
Did you notice any changes in your mood as a result of your lack of sleep?

Did the lack of sleep affect

your mood changes? Or Did
you notice any changes in Frequency Percent
your mood as a result of your
lack of sleep?
Yes 42 84.3%
No 9 15.7%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 4.83

Table 27

Distribution of Respondents According to Does lack of sleep make you very sleepy and tired
during the day?

Does lack of sleep make you

very sleepy and tired during Frequency Percent
the day?

37
 Yes 38 74%
No 13 26%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 4.75

Table 28

Distribution of Respondents According to Does lack of sleep affect students focus on their study?

Does lack of sleep affect

students focus on their study? Frequency Percent

Yes 47 92.2%
No 4 7.8%
Total 51 100%
ΣWx 4.92

Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

According to the section 4 of the survey questions most of the students agree that the lack
of sleep affects their academic performance and it is the also the cause of having a poor
performance in the field of academic. Majority of them they consider themselves as a lazy person
when the do school works whenever they don’t get enough or proper sleep. Most of the
respondents of the research agreed that the lack of sleep affects their mood and emotions. And
most of them agreed that the lack of sleep can affect their focus as a student in their study

38
 Chapter 5

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

The findings revealed that most of the students were experiencing sleep deprivation.
Respondents often get headaches and sometimes feel sick or tired when every time they woke up.
45.1% of the respondents are sometimes experiencing mental health problem due to lack of sleep
and 47.8% respondents stated that they sometimes participate and not every time. Among the 51
respondents’ majority answered the rate of their sleep to 3 out of 5 which means they have a
normal sleep. Researchers found out that respondents often having a difficulty when it comes to
being productive. But they can still pass their requirements on time and only a few students
sometimes don't meet the exact date to pass.

The respondents sleep at around 11pm to 12mn and do wake up after 8am. The studies
showed that most of the respondents get 7 hours of sleep in 24 hours. Even when most of
respondents get 7 hours of sleeps they sometimes feel sleepy during the day. And 94% of the
respondents answered that they have never take any kind of drugs or sleeping pills just to get
them sleep.

Lastly, the researchers found out that 27.5% of the respondents strongly agree that lack of
sleep affects their academic performance, and 39.2% of the respondents strongly agree that
having a poor performance is caused by a lack of sleep. Respondents feel lazy when they don’t
get enough sleep, and they also agree that sleep deprivation affects their sudden change of

39
behavior. A lack of sleep makes them very sleepy and tired during the day. Most respondents
agree that sleep deprivation can affect the focus of students when they are studying.

The findings showed that Ha was accepted and rejected Ho based on the answers of our
respondents to our survey. They agree that there is a significant effect between sleep deprivation
and students’ academic performance.

Recommendation

The study revealed the impact of sleep deprivation on students' academic performances.
Thus, the following recommendations are hereby presented:

• Students should be aware of the possible effects of not having enough sleep on
their daily activities and the attainable illness that they may have.

• Students should have learned how to manage their time wisely and effectively.

• Students should minimize non-work screen time and should track screen time and
set time limits.

• Students should control themselves in using their gadgets most of the time.
Students should stop checking their phones all the time.

• Parents should gather the information that will help them better understand why
their child/children are sometimes late waking up and lose their appetite every time they
wake up.

• Parents should guide their child/children on how to use their phones and other
gadgets properly.

40
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three-principles-for-ethical-research/

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https://www.discoverphds.com/blog/statistical-treatment-of-data

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 SURVEY QUESTIONS

Section I- What is the demographic profile of the STEM-12 students in terms of;

1. Age

a. 16

b. 17

c. 18

d. 19

2. Sex

a. Male

b. Female

3. Are you a working student?

a. Yes

b. No

4. Residence Location

a. Rural

b. Small town, suburb, or city

5. Are you an honor student?

a. Yes

44
b. No

6. In your own opinion, are you a morning person or a night person?

a. Morning Person

b. Night Person

c. Neither

7. Do you have insomnia?

a. Yes

b. No

Section II- How does poor sleep quality affects students?

1. How often you get headache when you have a poor time of sleep?

a. Always

b. Very often

c. Sometimes

d. Rarely

e. Never

2. Do you always cramp your projects/ activities in school?

a. Always

b. Very often

c. Sometimes

d. Rarely

e. Never

3. How often you feel that you might have a sick/ feel tired when you wake up?

45
a. Always

b. Very often

c. Sometimes

d. Rarely

e. Never

4. Have you experience mental health problems? (Anxiety, stress or depression)

a. Always

b. Very often

c. Sometimes

d. Rarely

e. Never

5. When having an online class, did you participate in the class?

a. Always

b. Very often

c. Sometimes

d. Rarely

e. Never

6. Rate yourself from 1-5, how do you rate your sleep quality? (1- is the lowest,
5- is the highest)

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

46
e. 5

7. Do you submit your projects on time?

a. Always

b. Very often

c. Sometimes

d. Rarely

e. Never

8. Do you have difficulty in concentrating, being productive, and completing

your tasks and work in school?

a. Always

b. Very often

c. Sometimes

d. Rarely

e. Never

Section III- Do respondents sleeps frequently?

1. How frequently do you feel sleepy during the day?

a. Always

b. Very often

c. Sometimes

d. Rarely

e. Never

2. When you were a kid, did you get enough sleep?

47
a. Yes

b. No

3. What time do you generally go to bed on a regular basis?

a. 7 - 8 pm

b. 9 - 10 pm

c. 11-12 pm

d. 1-2 am

e. 3-4 am

f. 5 - 6 am

4. How frequently do you use sleeping drugs to get to sleep?

a. Always

b. Very often

c. Sometimes

d. Rarely

e. Never

5. When do you usually get up in the morning?

a. 4 am

b. 5 am

c. 6 am

d. 7 am

e. 8 am

f. After 8 am

6. In a 24-hour period, how many hours of sleep do you get?

48
a. Less than 3 hours

b. 4 hours

c. 5 hours

d. 6 hours

e. 7 hours

f. 8 hours

g. 9 hours

h. More than 9 hours

7. Do you take sleeping pills just to get sleep?

a. Yes

b. No

Section IV- What will happen to the student’s academic performance when sleep
deprivation continues?

1. Do you agree that lack of sleep affects your academic performance?

a. Strongly Agree

b. Agree

c. Neither agree nor disagree

d. Disagree

e. Strongly Disagree

2. Do you agree that the cause of poor performance is lack of sleep?

a. Strongly Agree

b. Agree

49
c. Neither agree nor disagree

d. Disagree

e. Strongly Disagree

3. Do you feel lazy to do school works whenever you don’t get enough sleep?

a. Yes

b. No

4. Did the lack of sleep affect your mood changes? Or Did you notice any
changes in your mood as a result of your lack of sleep?

a. Yes

b. No

5. Does sleep make you very sleepy and tired during the day?

a. Yes

b. No

6. Does a lack of sleep affect students focus on their study?

a. Yes

b. No

50
 Appendix A

Letter of Permission to Conduct the Study

December 14, 2021

Dhonny P. Bacuyag, M.Sc.

Our Lady of the Fatima University

Dear Sir,

I am a current student at the Our Lady of Fatima University under the program
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), I am working on my thesis
paper entitled “IMPACT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON THE ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF STEM-12 STUDENTS IN OUR LADY OF FATIMA
UNIVERSITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC.” It aims to investigate how their lack
of sleep affects the Academic Performance of STEM-12 students.

In lieu of this, we are requesting your good office to allow us to conduct the said
study at your school. This involves one-hundred (100) selected Grade 12 students from
STEM strand participants from your school. The research we wish to conduct requires the
use of questionnaires. The participants may decline to answer some questions or leave
some questions that they’re not comfortable to answer. Any information that can be
identified them will be encrypted and will remain confidential. No one other than the
researchers will know their individual answers.

51
 If you have any questions and concerns, kindly contact me at +639484108607.
Your support and approval on this matter is greatly appreciated.

Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,

Lawrence Angelo F. Mana-ay

STEM 12 Student

Our Lady of Fatima University

Noted by:

Vladimir Marc A. Batayan

Research Teacher

52
 Appendix B

Consent Form for Respondents

Project Title : IMPACT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF STEM-12 STUDENTS IN OUR LADY OF
FATIMA UNIVERSITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Researchers : Fertine June A. Alabe

Christine Jean C. Beauline
Kathlene B. Candelario
Ma. Chelsea B. Gonzales
Nicole P. Jamandre
Vynizia Tanya P. Jayoma
Alexandra P. Maca
Lawrence Angelo F. Mana-ay

Purpose : To investigate the Grade 12 STEM students from Our Lady of

the Fatima University on how sleep deprivation can impact their
academic performance amidst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Description of the : The respondent will be given a certification to fill up in order that
Process he/she has agreed to conduct a survey. After that, the researchers
will orient the respondents with their rights that they can refuse
and not answer the questions and not be forced to answer it. The
respondent will be answering 4 sections and a total of 30

53
 questions. Primary data was collected through questionnaire using
Google forms. After that, the researcher will give the google form
to the respondents to answer the given questions. The researcher
took down notes of the answers of the respondents. The
researchers will make sure to double check all the questionnaires.

Participant : The respondent is qualified if he/she is always awake and lack in

Selection sleep. If the student is Grade 12 and taking STEM at Our Lady of
the Fatima University then they are qualified in this study.

Risks : In participating in this research, the respondent will be exposing

his/her identity like his personal information. If the respondent
wants to cover his/her identity please inform the researcher.

Benefits : The researcher will educate the respondents about the things the
he/she will do if he/she is experiencing sleep deprivation. The
information of the researcher that he/she will gather from the
respondents will serve as a guide for the educators to observe each
student in the study when he/she is experiencing sleep deprivation.

Reimbursements : The respondent participation in this research is clearly optional

and it is not compulsory to do it.

Confidentiality : Any information that the researchers will collect will remain
and Feedback private and only use for the research academic purposes only.
After the study, the respondent shall be provided a feedback about
his/her participation.

54
 CERTIFICATION

I agree to participate and involve myself in this research project based on the information
I have read in the consent form. All the procedures, any risks and benefits have been
explained to me. I have had the opportunity to ask any questions and to receive any
additional details I wanted about the study. If I have questions later about the study. I can
ask the researchers.

Printed Name of the Respondent: __________________________________

Signature of the Respondent:

__________________________________

Date Signed:
__________________________________

I have explained this study to the respondents and sought his/her understanding of the
consent

Lawrence Angelo F. Mana-ay

Researcher

55
 Appendix C

Basic Information Sheet

Respondent’s
Code
Personal Information (Impormasyong Personal)

Name of : ______________________________ Age : ____

Participant Edad
Pangalan ng kalahok

Home Address : ______________________________ Gender Male

Lugar ng Tirahan Kasarian Female

Name of School : __________________________

Pangalan ng Paaralan

Weight : ____________ Height : ____________

Bigat Taas

Mother’s Name : ______________________________

Pangalan ng Nanay

Father’s Name : ______________________________

Pangalan ng Tatay

OR
Guardian’s Name : ______________________________
Pangalan ng tagapatnubay

Study’s Qualification

Do you study at Our Lady Yes No

of the Fatima University? Oo Hindi
Nag-aaral kaba sa Our Lady of
the Fatima University?
Are you a grade 12 STEM Yes No
student? Oo Hindi 56
Isa ka bang grade 12 STEM
student?
Are you Sleep-Deprived? Yes No
Kulang ka ba sa tulog? Oo Hindi
 Appendix F

Validation Letter

December 14, 2021

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that Lawrence Angelo F. Mana-ay and his co-researchers who are
working on the research paper entitled “IMPACT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON THE
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STEM-12 STUDENTS IN OUR LADY OF
FATIMA UNIVERSITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC” has confer the validation
to conduct a survey question, I acknowledge them for their efforts to consider our
judgements regarding our experiences.

This Certification was issued for whatever purpose it may serve.

__________________________
Signature over printed name

Date: _________________________

57
 Appendix E
About the Researcher

Fertine June A. Alabe, a 17-year old STEM 12 student

from Our Lady of the Fatima University. She is She believes in
the saying that “Be who you want to be, not what others want to
see.” To finish her education and give her parents her diploma so
that she can improve their lives is one of her dreams. She finished
her Junior High at Our Lady of the Fatima University. She is
planning to work to any company but related to BSIT.

She is Christine Jean C. Beaulne an 18-year old girl from

Our Lady of the Fatima University. She is a grade 12 student of
Science and Technology Engineering Mathematics. “The beautiful
thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you.” by
B.B. King is one of her favorite quotes. She dreamt about
finishing her school and became a successful registered Nurse in
the Future and wants to work in Canada, specifically in Canada.
She Finished her Junior High School at Cielito Zamora Junior
High School.

She is Kathlene B. Candelario, 18-year old Girl and dream

in becoming a registered Nurse someday and work at any hospital
outside of the country, specifically in Canada. She is a STEM
Grade 12 student from Our Lady of the Fatima University. She
finished her Junior High at Sampaguita High School. Her motto in
life is “Rome wasn’t built in a day”. She chose to be a STEM
student because it is in line with his dream job which is in
becoming a registered Nurse.

58
 She is Ma. Chelsea B. Gonzales, she finished her Junior
High at Amparo High School and now she is studying in Our
Lady of the Fatima University. She is 18-year old Grade 12 STEM
student who wants to pursue in becoming a nurse someday to
specify to be a registered Nurse. She believes that “What you can
do today never leave that till tomorrow” she brings it every day
and reminding herself with that quote. She wants to be a Nurse in
Canada so that she can support the needs of her family.

Nicole P. Jamandre a 17-year old girl who dreamt about

being a flight attendant, to be a businesswoman and to be an
investor someday. She is currently studying at Our Lady of the
Fatima University as a Grade 12 STEM student. She finished her
Junior High at Justice Cecilia Muñoz Palma Junior High School.
She wants to work out of the country places. She has a motto that
“Accept yourself as you were designed” she carried it out as she
takes her step every day.

She’s name is Vynizia Tanya P. Jayoma, 17-year old girl

and currently studying at Our Lady of the Fatima University. She
is taking a strand of Science and Technology Engineering
Mathematics or also known as STEM and she is a Grade 12
student. She wants to be a registered Nurse someday and work in
Canada also she wants to have her own business. She finished her
Junior High at Benigno Aquino Jr. Highschool and believes in the
saying that “Time is Gold”.

59
 Her name is Alexandra P. Maca, a 19-year old girl that is
currently studying at Our Lady of the Fatima University. She
finished her Junior High at Sapang Palay National High School.
Her dream was to be a registered Nurse someday and she wants to
work at her own country which is the Philippines. “Don’t Stres
Over What I Can’t Control” is her motto in life. She is a Grade 12
student and taking a strand of Science and Technology
Engineering Mathematics.

His name is Lawrence Angelo F. Mana-ay, 17-year old boy

taking a strand of STEM at Our Lady of the Fatima University. He
wants to be a Seafarer someday just like his father. He finished his
Junior High at Mater Carmeli School in Novaliches Quezon City.
His motto in life is “Chase your dreams, but always know the road
that’ll lead you home again” by Tim McGraw because he believes
that chasing dreams was a huge challenge in life and we must
know our origin on how we started. He is now a Grade 12 Student
and planning to be an achiever to fulfill his dream.

60