What is a pivot table in Excel?

An Excel PivotTable is a tool to explore and summarize large amounts of data, analyze
related totals and present summary reports designed to:

• Present large amounts of data in a user-friendly way.

• Summarize data by categories and subcategories.
• Filter, group, sort and conditionally format different subsets of data so that you can
focus on the most relevant information.
• Rotate rows to columns or columns to rows (which is called "pivoting") to view
different summaries of the source data.
• Subtotal and aggregate numeric data in the spreadsheet.
• Expand or collapse the levels of data and drill down to see the details behind any
total.
• Present concise and attractive online of your data or printed reports.

For example, you may have hundreds of entries in your worksheet with sales figures of local
resellers:

One possible way to sum this long list of numbers by one or several conditions is to use
formulas as demonstrated in SUMIF and SUMIFS tutorials. However, if you want to compare
several facts about each figure, using a pivot table is a far more efficient way. In just a few
mouse clicks, you can get a resilient and easily customizable summary table that totals the
numbers by any field you want.
The screenshots above demonstrate just a few of many possible layouts. And the steps
below show how you can quickly create your own pivot table in all versions of Excel.

How to make a pivot table in Excel: quick start

Many people think that creating a pivot table is burdensome and time-consuming. But this
is not true! Microsoft has been refining the technology for many years, and in the modern
versions of Excel, the summary reports are user-friendly are incredibly fast. In fact, you can
build your own summary table in just a couple of minutes. And here's how:

1. Organize your source data

Before creating a summary report, organize your data into rows and columns, and then
convert your data range in to an Excel Table. To do this, select all of the data, go to
the Insert tab and click Table.

Using an Excel Table for the source data gives you a very nice benefit - your data range
becomes "dynamic". In this context, a dynamic range means that your table will
automatically expand and shrink as you add or remove entries, so won't have to worry that
your pivot table is missing the latest data.
Useful tips:

• Add unique, meaningful headings to your columns, they will turn into the field
names later.
• Make sure your source table contains no blank rows or columns, and no subtotals.
• To make it easier to maintain your table, you can name your source table by
switching to the Design tab and typing the name in the Table Name box the upper
right corner of your worksheet.

2. Create a pivot table

Select any cell in the source data table, and then go to the Insert tab > Tables group
> PivotTable.

This will open the Create PivotTable window. Make sure the correct table or range of cells is
highlighted in the Table/Range field. Then choose the target location for your Excel pivot
table:

• Selecting New Worksheet will place a table in a new worksheet starting at cell A1.
• Selecting Existing Worksheet will place your table at the specified location in an

existing worksheet. In the Location box, click the Collapse Dialog button to
choose the first cell where you want to position your table.
Clicking OK creates a blank pivot table in the target location, which will look similar to this:

Useful tips:

• In most cases, it makse sense to place a pivot table in a separate worksheet, this is
especially recommended for beginners.
• If you are creating a pivot table from the data in another worksheet or workbook,
include the workbook and worksheet names using the following syntax
[workbook_name]sheet_name!range, for example, [Book1.xlsx]Sheet1!$A$1:$E$20.

Alternatively, you can click the Collapse Dialog button and select a table or
range of cells in another workbook using the mouse.
• It might be useful to create a pivot table and pivot chart at the same time. To do
this, in Excel 2019, 2016 and 2013, go to the Insert tab > Charts group, click the arrow
below the PivotChart button, and then click PivotChart & PivotTable. In Excel 2010 and
2007, click the arrow below PivotTable, and then click PivotChart.

3. Arranging the layout of your pivot table report

The area where you work with the fields of your summary report is called PivotTable Field
List. It is located in the right-hand part of the worksheet and divided into the header and
body sections:

• The Field Section contains the names of the fields that you can add to your table.
The filed names correspond to the column names of your source table.
• The Layout Section contains the Report Filter area, Column Labels, Row Labels area,
and the Values area. Here you can arrange and re-arrange the fields of your table.
The changes that you make in the PivotTable Field List are immediately reflected to your
table.

How to add a field to pivot table

To add a field to the Layout section, select the check box next to the field name in
the Field section.
By default, Microsoft Excel adds the fields to the Layout section in the following way:

• Non-numeric fields are added to the Row Labels area;

• Numeric fields are added to the Values area;
• Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) date and time hierarchies are added to
the Column Labels area.

How to remove a field from a pivot table

To delete a certain field, you can either:

• Uncheck the box nest to the field's name in the Field section of the PivotTable pane.
• Right-click on the field in your pivot table, and then click "Remove Field_Name".
How to arrange pivot table fields

You can arrange the fields in the Layout section in three ways:

1. Drag and drop fields between the 4 areas of the Layout section using the mouse.
Alternatively, click and hold the field name in the Field section, and then drag it to
an area in the Layout section - this will remove the field from the current area in
the Layout section and place it in the new area.
2. Right-click the field name in the Field section, and then select the area where you
want to add it:

3. Click on the filed in the Layout section to select it. This will also display the
options available for that particular field.
4. Choose the function for the Values field (optional)
By default, Microsoft Excel uses the Sum function for numeric value fields that you place in
the Values area of the Field List. When you place non-numeric data (text, date, or Boolean) or
blank values in the Values area, the Count function is applied.

But of course, you can choose a different summary function if you want to. In Excel 2019,
2016 an 2013, right-click the value field you want to change, click Summarize Values
By, and choose the summary function you want.

In Excel 2010 and lower, the Summarize Values By option is also available on the ribbon -
on the Options tab, in the Calculations group.

Below you can see an example of the pivot table with the Average function:
The functions' names are mostly self-explanatory:

• Sum - calculates the sum of the values.

• Count - counts the number of non-empty values (works as the COUNTA function).
• Average - calculates the average of the values.
• Max - finds the largest value.
• Min - finds the smallest value.
• Product - calculates the product of the values.

To get more specific functions, click Summarize Values By > More Options… You can find the
full list of available summary functions and their detailed descriptions here.

5. Show different calculations in value fields (optional)

Excel pivot tables provide one more useful feature that enables you to present values in
different ways, for example show totals as percentage or rank values from smallest to
largest and vice versa. The full list of calculation options is available here.
This feature is called Show Values As and it's accessible by right-clicking the field in the
table in Excel 2019, 2016 and 2013. In Excel 2010 and lower, you can also find this option on
the Options tab, in the Calculations group.

Tip. The Show Values As feature may prove especially useful if you add the same field more
than once and show, for example, total sales and sales as a percent of total at the same
time. See an example of such a table.

This is how you create pivot tables in Excel. And now it's time for you to experiment with the
fields a bit to choose the layout best suited for your data set.

Working with PivotTable Field List

The pivot table pane, which is formally called PivotTable Field List, is the main tool that you
use to arrange your summary table exactly the way you want. To make your work with the
fields more comfortable, you may want to customize the pane to your liking.

Changing the Field List view

If you want to change how the sections are displayed in the Field List, click the Tools button,
and choose your preferred layout.
You can also resize the pane horizontally by dragging the bar (splitter) that separates the
pane from the worksheet.

Closing and opening the PivotTable pane

Closing the PivotTableField List is as easy as clicking the Close button (X) in the top right
corner of the pane.Making it to show up again is not so obvious :)

To display the Field List again, right-click anywhere in the table, and then select Show Field
List from the context menu.
You can also click the Field List button on the Ribbon, which resides on the Analyze /
Options tab, in the Show group.

Using Recommended PivotTables

As you have just seen, creating a pivot table in Excel is easy. However, the modern versions
of Excel take even a step further and make it possible to automatically make a report most
suited for your source data. All you have to do is 4 mouse clicks:

1. Click any cell in your source range of cells or table.

2. On the Insert tab, click Recommended PivotTables. Microsoft Excel will

immediately display a few layouts, based on your data.

3. In the Recommended PivotTables dialog box, click a layout to see its preview.
 4. If you are happy with the preview, click the OK button, and get a pivot table
added to a new worksheet.

As you see in the screenshot above, Excel was able to suggest just a couple of basic layouts
for my source data, which are far inferior to the pivot tables we created manually a moment
ago. Of course, this is only my opinion and I am biased, you know : )

Overall, using the Recommended PivotTable is a quick way to get started, especially when
you have a lot of data and are not sure where to start.

How to use pivot table in Excel

Now that you know the basics, you can navigate to the Analyze and Design tabs of
the PivotTable Tools in Excel 2019, 2016 and 2013 (Options and Design tabs in Excel 2010
and 2007) to explore the groups and options provided there. These tabs become available
as soon as you click anywhere within your table.

You can also access options and features that are available for a specific element by right-
clicking on it.
How to design and improve pivot table
Once you have created a pivot table based on your source data, you may want to refine it
further to make powerful data analysis.

To improve the table's design, head over to the Design tab where you will find plenty of pre-
defined styles. To create your own style, click the More button in the PivotTable Styles gallery,
and then click "New PivotTable Style...".

To customize the layout of a certain field, click on that field, then click the Field
Settings button on the Analyze tab in Excel 2019, 2016 and 2013 (Options tab in Excel 2010
and 2007). Alternatively, you can right click the field and choose Field Settings from the
context menu.

The screenshot below demonstrate a new design and layout for our pivot table in Excel
2013.

How to get rid of "Row Labels" and "Column Labels" headings

When you are creating a pivot table, Excel applies the Compact layout by default. This layout
displays "Row Labels" and "Column Labels" as the table headings. Agree, these aren't very
meaningful headings, especially for novices.

An easy way to get rid of these ridiculous headings is to switch from the Compact layout to
Outline or Tabular. To do this, go to the Design ribbon tab, click the Report
Layout dropdown, and choose Show in Outline Form or Show in Tabular Form.

This will display the actual field names, as you see in the table on the right, which makes
much more sense.

Another solution is to go to the Analyze (Options) tab, click the Options button, switch to
the Display tab and uncheck the "Display Field Captions and Filter Dropdowns" box. However,
this will remove all field captions as well as filter dropdowns in your table.

How to refresh a pivot table in Excel

Although a pivot table report is connected to your source data, you might be surprised to
know that Excel does not refresh it automatically. You can get any data updates by
performing a refresh operation manually, or have it refresh automatically when you open
the workbook.

Refresh the pivot table data manually

1. Click anywhere in your table.
 2. On the Analyze tab (Options tab in earlier versions), in the Data group, click
the Refresh button, or press ALT+F5.

Alternatively, you can right-click the table, and choose Refresh from the context
menu.

To refresh all pivot tables in your workbook, click the Refresh button arrow, and then
click Refresh All.

Note. If the format of your pivot table gets changed after refreshing, make sure the "Autofit
column width on update" and "Preserve cell formatting on update" options are selected. To
check this, click the Analyze (Options) tab > PivotTable group > Options button. In
the PivotTable Options dialog box, switch to the Layout & Format tab and you will find these
check boxes there.

After starting a refresh, you can review the status or cancel it if you've changed your mind.
Just click on the Refresh button arrow, and then click either Refresh Status or Cancel Refresh.

Refreshing a pivot table automatically when opening the workbook

1. On the Analyze / Options tab, in the PivotTable group, click Options > Options.

2. In the PivotTable Options dialog box, go to the Data tab, and select the Refresh
data when opening the file check box.
How to move a pivot table to a new location
If you want to move your table to a new workbook, worksheet are some other area in the
current sheet, head over to the Analyze tab (Options tab in Excel 2010 and earlier) and click
the Move PivotTable button in the Actions group. Select a new destination and click OK.
How to delete an Excel pivot table
If you no longer need a certain summary report, you can delete it in a number of ways.

• If your table resides in a separate worksheet, simply delete that sheet.

• If your table is located along with some other data on a sheet, select the entire pivot
table using the mouse and press the Delete key.
• Click anywhere in the pivot table that you want to delete, go to the Analyze tab
(Options tab in Excel 2010 and earlier) > Actions group, click the little arrow below
the Select button, choose Entire PivotTable, and then press Delete.
Note. If any PivotTable chart is associated with your table, deleting the pivot table will turn it
into a standard chart can no longer be pivoted or updated.

Pivot table examples

The screenshots below demonstrate a few possible pivot table layouts for the same source
data that might help you to get started on the right path. Feel free to download them get a
hands-on experience.

Pivot table example 1: Two-dimensional table

• No Filter
• Rows: Product, Reseller
• Columns: Months
• Values: Sales
Pivot table example 2: Three-dimensional table

• Filter: Month
• Rows: Reseller
• Columns: Product
• Values: Sales

This pivot table lets you filter the report by month.

Pivot table example 3: One field is displayed twice - as total and % of
total

• No Filter
• Rows: Product, Reseller
• Values: SUM of Sales, % of Sales
This summary report shows total sales and sales as a percent of total at the same time.