LA Module-3a

SYLLABUS - MODULE - 3
Elements of landscape architecture and their application in landscape design
a. Primary landscape elements: 1. Landform

2. Water
3. Vegetation
Design considerations and their role in articulating outdoor spatial design.
b. Secondary landscape elements: 1. Street furniture 2. Landscape walls

3. Paving, 4. Inert ground covers
5. Trellis 6.Outdoor shading structures
7. Embellishments,
Design considerations and their role in spatial design.
c. Hard and soft landscapes.

SYLLABUS - MODULE – 3a
Elements of landscape architecture and their application in landscape design

2. Water
3. Vegetation
Design considerations and their role in articulating outdoor spatial design.

Landform is synonymous with topography,
refers to the three dimensional relief of the
earth’s surface.
Serves as a base for all outdoor activities – can
be thought of as artistic and utilitarian element
for design.
1. MACROLANDFORMS – Regional scale –
types of valleys, mountains, prairies, etc. Mountains and Valleys
2. MICROLANDFORMS – Site scale – mounds,

berms, slopes, level areas, etc.
3. MINILANDFORMS – subtle undulations,

ripples of a sand dune, textural variations of
stones and rocks in a walk. Mounds Sand dune
FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H
How do you represent landforms on

a map ?
A map showing the landform of an

area by contours is called a contour
map.
Contour lines connect a series of
points of equal elevation and are
used to illustrate topography, or
relief, on a map.
They show the height of ground
above Mean Sea Level (M.S.L.) in
either feet (imperial) or metres
(metric) and can be drawn at any
desired interval.
Identifying landforms with contour lines

Design considerations and the role of landform in articulating outdoor spatial design.



a. Primary landscape elements: 2. Water
Water is essential to all gardens and

landscapes, even in the desert, although
amounts vary considerably.
As a design element, water contributes

coolness, moisture, sparkle, lightness,
depth, serenity, the possibility of aquatic
plants and animals and recreation.
Water bodies are classified to two categories

according to its motion :
1. Static (Still)
2. Dynamic (Moving)
Moving waterbody - Water curtains
1. Static ( Still ) waterbodies like Pools, Lotus ponds, Koi ponds, Reflection pools, etc
adds tranquility to landscape.
Reflection pool Lotus pond

2. Dynamic ( Moving ) waterbodies like Fountains, Artificial waterfalls, Spouts, Water

curtains, etc adds sound, movement, and enjoyment into the landscape.
Water fountain Water fall

Design considerations and the role of water in articulating outdoor spatial design.
• Excellent land water interface gives an

ecological home for the animals and plants.
• Hydrological cycle maintained.
• Microclimate created.
• Moisture level maintained.
• Wetland, marshes, swampy areas are

conserved.

a. Primary landscape elements : 3. Vegetation
1
Plants can be categorized into :
• Trees • Shrubs
• Ground covers • Aquatic Plants
• Creepers • Climbers
3
List of plants seen in the this picture
No. Common Name Botanical Name
1 Christmas palm Veitchia merrillii 4
2 Canna lily Canna sps. 2
3 Peace lily Spathiphyllum sps.
4 Giant water lily Victoria amazonica
5 White water lily Nymphaea alba 5

USES OF PLANT MATERIAL IN LANDSCAPE .

Environmental
1.Microclimate modifiers
2.Conservation belt
Before
3. Erosion control
4. Retains ground water
5. Retains soil fertility
6.Prevents siltation
After
Environmental
7. Noise control
8. Windbreaks and Shelterbelts

USES OF PLANT MATERIAL IN LANDSCAPE .

Architectural
1.Enframement
2.Scale induction
3.Creation outdoor rooms.
4.Defines pathway
5.Welcoming look
6.Aesthetically appealing

A typical landscape composition

with foreground, middleground
and background.

Design considerations and the role of vegetation in articulating outdoor spatial design :
Spatial Characteristics of Plants : Spatial functions of Plants in Human

are those that contributes to the space landscape :
structure of the landscape .They include
❑ When we are designing spaces for
1.Habit people, the size of plants relative to the
dimensions of human figure is critical.
2.Crown shape
❑ It is the height of plants that determines
3.Foliage density much of spatial framework and controls
vision, movement and physical
4.Speed of growth experience.

Danish landscape architect Preben Jakobsen identified the most useful categories for
designer as follows :
Canopy height Plant type and Height
1.Ground level Grasses, turf plants, ground-hugging and carpeting plants

Height = 150mm – 230mm ( 6”- 9” )
Examples : Buffalo grass – Bouteloua dactyloides
Brahmi - Centella asiatic
2.Below Knee height Dwarf shrubs, low growing plants

Height = Below 450mm ( 1’- 6” )
Examples : Dwarf Peace lily – Spathiphyllum wallisii
Lily turf - Ophiopogon species

3.Knee–waist height Small shrubs and medium growing plants

Height = 450mm – 900mm ( 1’- 6” – 3’-0” )
Examples : Tusalsi – Ocimum tenuiflorum
Periwinkle - Cartharanthus roseus
4.Waist-eye level Medium shrubs and tall growing plants

Height = 900mm – 1500mm ( 3’-0”- 5’-0” )
Examples : False bird of Paradise – Heliconia psittacorum
Lobster claws - Heliconia rostrata
5. Above eye level Tall shrubs and trees

Height = Above 1500mm ( 5’-0” )
Examples : Henna – Lawsonia inermis
Temple tree - Plumeria alba

Design considerations and the role of vegetation in articulating outdoor spatial design :
1.Ground level planting (carpeting plants)

2. Planting below knee height ( low planting)

3. Knee to eye level planting (Medium Height planting)



4. Planting above eye level

( Tall shrubs )


( Tall shrubs )


( Trees )


( Trees )


( Trees )


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SYLLABUS - MODULE - 3

Elements of landscape architecture and their application in landscape design

a. Primary landscape elements: 1. Landform

b. Secondary landscape elements: 1. Street furniture 2. Landscape walls

c. Hard and soft landscapes.

Elements of landscape architecture and their application in landscape design

a. Primary landscape elements: 1. Landform

Design considerations and their role in articulating outdoor spatial design.

2. MICROLANDFORMS – Site scale – mounds,

3. MINILANDFORMS – subtle undulations,

How do you represent landforms on

A map showing the landform of an

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

Water is essential to all gardens and

As a design element, water contributes

Water bodies are classified to two categories

Reflection pool Lotus pond

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

2. Dynamic ( Moving ) waterbodies like Fountains, Artificial waterfalls, Spouts, Water

Water fountain Water fall

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

• Excellent land water interface gives an

• Hydrological cycle maintained.

• Moisture level maintained.

• Wetland, marshes, swampy areas are

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

USES OF PLANT MATERIAL IN LANDSCAPE .

4. Retains ground water

5. Retains soil fertility

8. Windbreaks and Shelterbelts

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

USES OF PLANT MATERIAL IN LANDSCAPE .

3.Creation outdoor rooms.

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

A typical landscape composition

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

Spatial Characteristics of Plants : Spatial functions of Plants in Human

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

Canopy height Plant type and Height

1.Ground level Grasses, turf plants, ground-hugging and carpeting plants

2.Below Knee height Dwarf shrubs, low growing plants

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

3.Knee–waist height Small shrubs and medium growing plants

4.Waist-eye level Medium shrubs and tall growing plants

5. Above eye level Tall shrubs and trees

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

2. Planting below knee height ( low planting)

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

3. Knee to eye level planting (Medium Height planting)

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

3. Knee to eye level planting (Medium Height planting)

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H

3. Knee to eye level planting (Medium Height planting)

FACULTY NAME : Ar. Malini. C. H