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024 Tañada V Tuvera GR L 63915

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024-CONS001 | Deanne Collen M.

Amurao

TOPIC : Requisites of Judicial Review – Locus Standi

CAPTION : G.R. No. L-63915, dated 24 April 1985


Lorenzo M. Tañada vs. Hon. Juan C. Tuvera

PONENTE : ESCOLIN, J.

FACTS : The petitioners filed for a writ of mandamus compelling the respondents to
publish, and/or cause the publication in the Official Gazette of various
presidential issuances to invoke people’s right to be informed on matters of
public concern, as indicated under Sec. 6, Art. IV of the 1973 Philippine
Constitution.
The respondents would have the case be dismissed on the grounds that
the petitioners have no legal standing to bring the instant petition due to the
absence of proof that the petitioners are personally and/or directly affected
or prejudiced by the alleged non-publication of the presidential issuances
in question. The said petitioners do not have the requisites of a locus standi
to institute petition since they are not being "aggrieved parties" under Sec
3, Rule 65 of the Rules of Court.
The petitioners maintained that since the subject of the petition concerns a
public right and its object is to compel the performance of a public duty, they
need not show any specific interest for their petition to be given due course.
ISSUE : Whether or not the petitioners have a legal standing to bring an instant
petition for mandamus to compel the respondents to publish and/or cause
the publication in the Official Gazette of presidential issuances

RULING : The Supreme Court ordered respondents to publish in the Official Gazette
all unpublished presidential issuances which are of general application, and
unless so published, they shall have no binding force and effect. Thus,
recognizing the legal standing and personality of the petitioners.

RACIO DECIDENDI : The reasons given by the Court in recognizing a private citizen's legal
personality in the 1910 case of Severino vs. Governor General also applies
the subject case wherein while the court held that the general rule is "a writ
of mandamus would be granted to a private individual only in those cases
where he has some private or particular interest to be subserved, or some
particular right to be protected, independent of that which he holds with the
public at large," and "it is for the public officers exclusively to apply for the
writ when public rights are to be subserved, the Court also recognized that
"when the question is one of public right and the object of the mandamus is
to procure the enforcement of a public duty, the people are regarded as the
real party in interest and the relator at whose instigation the proceedings
are instituted need not show that he has any legal or special interest in the
result, it being sufficient to show that he is a citizen and as such interested
in the execution of the laws.
Hence, the right sought to be enforced by petitioners is a public right
recognized by the fundamental law of the land. If petitioners were not
allowed to institute this proceeding, the Solicitor General would not have
entered his appearance for respondents in the case at bar.

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