Aquaculture_set…G

1. Fish farm waste consists of

a. solid matter
b. dissolved matter
c. all of the above
d. none of the above

2. The following are sustainable approaches to aquaculture except

a. the search for alternatives to fish meal and fish biomass and the need to reduce feed cost
b. the greater use of supplementary feeds and supplementary feeding systems
c. the need to promote high value commercial feeds
d. integration of feed development and feeding management practices with environmental awareness

3. Three of the following choices are components of the general structure of amino acid. Which does not belong to the group?
a. covalent bond
b. carboxyl group
c. amino group
d. alkyl group

4. Which does not belong to the group?

a. methionine
b. histidine
c. cysteine
d. lysine

5. The following are Non-Essential Amino Acids except for

a. alanine
b. serine
c. tyrosine
d. threonine

6. Protein that is soluble in aqueous system

a. Simple protein
b. Globular protein
c. Conjugated protein
d. Derived protein

7. Proteins that are highly insoluble and resistant to action of digestive enzyme
a. Simple protein
b. Globular protein
c. Fibrous protein
d. Derived protein

8. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Protein is absorbed from the intestine mainly as amino acid
b. Fish tissues contain about 50% protein in dry weight basis
c. The carbon chains are oxidized to produce energy or synthesized into tissues
d. Disruption of any level of molecular organization leads to proper functions of protein

9. The amino acid lacking in protein is known as

a. degenerated amino acid
b. digested amino acid
c. excreted amino acid
d. limiting amino acid

10. Which of the following is incorrect?

a. lysine is limiting in corn while methionine is limiting in soy bean
b. excess amino acid are used as energy source or converted to fat
c. amino acid profile is of no use to aquaculture
d. the closer the profile to the requirement, the higher is the nutritional value

11. A method used to determine whether an amino acid is essential or non-essential wherein it uses a series of amino acid test diet containing
crystalline-L amino acid as source of nitrogen and a 10-week feeding trial conducted
a. amino acid profile method
b. growth response method
c. radioisotope method
d. quantitative method
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12. A method used to determine the essentiality of amino acid wherein the fish is injected with radioactively labeled 14C glucose and fed on a
natural diet for one week
a. amino acid profile method
b. growth response method
c. radioisotope method
d. quantitative method

13. This indicates the growth response of a fish to graded levels of an essential nutrient in their diet. This method assumes that weigth gain is
linearly related to increasing dietary levels of the EAA at/or below the required level
a. broken line analysis
b. FCR
c. amino acid profile method
d. dose response curve

14. It has been used to estimate the essential amino acid requirements. It assumes a linear relation between growth and dietary level of the
essential amino acid at/or below the required level
a. broken line analysis
b. FCR
c. amino acid profile method
d. dose response curve

15. The following statements are true except

a. amino acid imbalance has nothing to do with reduced growth in animals
b. In young growing animals, the greatest proportion of the body weight is in the form of muscle
c. some of the amino acid may leach out during feeding before they can be taken up
d. the limiting amino acid in one source can be supplemented by another source

16. In broken line analysis, the linearly ascending line instantly breaks to horizontal and the point is claimed as
a. turning point
b. basal point
c. breakpoint
d. linear point

17. Another way of meeting the EAA needs of an animal is by supplementing the practical diet with
a. protein supplement
b. soybean meal
c. crystalline L-amino acid
d. binders

18. Nutrient leaching can be minimized by using water stable diet through the use of ________
a. efficient binder
b. employing appropriate formulation
c. all
d. none of the above

19. Dietary amino acid imbalance which occurs when some amino acids are fed in excess of the required levels causing an increase in the
requirement for another amino acid of similar structure
a. amino acid deficiency
b. amino acid antagonism
c. amino acid toxicity
d. all of the above

20. A dietary amino acid imbalance which occurs when excess amount of certain amino acids are fed and the negative effects cannot be
improved by adding other sources in the diet
a. amino acid deficiency
b. amino acid antagonism
c. amino acid toxicity
d. all of the above

21. How will you determine the quantity of protein or amino acid in a feedstuff
a. chemical method
b. biological method
c. response method
d. response analysis method
 Aquaculture_set…G

22. In this method of protein evaluation, body weight gain and nitrogen retention are used as criteria for protein quality which is considered as
more accurate
a. chemical method
b. biological method
c. response method
d. response analysis method

23. Used to measure biological value of protein

a. Protein Efficiency Ratio
b. Biological value
c. Net Protein Utilization
d. all of the above

24. The minimum amount of dietary protein needed for optimum growth of most cultured aquatic species
a. 27% - 60%
b. 30% - 38%
c. 40% -45%
d. 30% - 40%

25. Which of the following has the highest protein biological value?
a. gelatin
b. egg protein
c. soybean meal
d. casein

26. The absorbed amino acid is used as _____________

a. incorporated into the metabolic pool, mixed with free amino acids originating from various tissues and synthesized into tissue proteins
b. synthesized into nitrogen-containing tissue constituents
c. deaminated, resulting in a carbon chain and amino group
d. all of the above

27. "Deamination" refers to ________________________

a. incorporation of amino acid
b. production of amino acid
c. removal of nitrogen
d. utilization of nitrogen

28. The following are causes of amino acid deficiency except_____________

a. EAA’s are naturally costly and incorporation of which to feedstuff is labor intensive
b. presence of chemicals
c. excessive heat treatment during manufacture
d. leaching

29. Carboxyl (COOH), amino (NH) and alkyl (R) group, as constituents of general structure of amino acid are attached to ____________
a. OH
b. Acid
c. Alpha carbon
d. Alpha base

30. Are diverse group of organic compounds that are important components of all living matter. They are insoluble in water but soluble in non-
polar, organic solutes such as ether and alcohol
a. Vitamins
b. Lipids
c. Minerals
d. Carbohydrates

31. The following are functions of dietary lipid except

a. source of metabolic energy
b. source of essential fatty acid
c. involve in alkaline digestion
d. none of the above

32. Are type of lipids that accumulate in the adipose or fat tissues; they are the primary means by which animals store energy
a. phospholipids
b. waxes
c. steroids
 Aquaculture_set…G

d. triglycerides

33. Main component of biological membrane

a. phospholipids
b. waxes
c. steroids
d. triglycerides

34. Types of lipid that are biologically important in reproductive process

a. phospholipids
b. waxes
c. steroids
d. triglycerides

35. Fatty acids that lack double bond

a. saturated
b. unsaturated
c. polyunsaturated
d. highly unsaturated

36. Fatty acid containing two or more double bond

a. saturated
b. unsaturated
c. polyunsaturated
d. highly unsaturated

37. Fatty acid containing four double bonds or more

a. saturated
b. unsaturated
c. polyunsaturated
d. highly unsaturated

38. Which of the following statement is correct?

a. Fish that lives in warm waters contain more saturated fatty acid than those that lives in colder waters
b. Fish and crustaceans are unable to adjust their level of polyunsaturated fatty acid to maintain membrane integrity and function in cold
waters
c. Diet of an organism has nothing to do with fatty acid composition
d. all of the above

39. Which does not belong to the group?

a. corn oil
b. palm oil
c. sunflower oil
d. capelin oil

40. Cheap source of energy

a. oatmeal
b. rice
c. carbohydrates
d. glucose

41. Which does not belong to the group?

a. Ribose
b. Starch
c. Glucose
d. Fructose

42. The following are disaccharide except

a. Chitin
b. Sucrose
c. Maltose
d. Lactose

43. Refers to metabolic reactions resulting in breakdown of complex molecules to simple products
a. anabolism
b. digestion
 Aquaculture_set…G

c. absorption
d. catabolism

44. Refers to metabolic reactions resulting into synthesis of more complex compound from simple precursors
a. anabolism
b. digestion
c. absorption
d. catabolism

45. Natural desire to satisfy hunger

a. satiation
b. appetite
c. feeding
d. forage

46. Why is it important to provide optimal proportion of non-protein energy source in fish diets?
a. because deficiency in non-protein energy source in a diet may result in rapid growth
b. because deficiency in non-protein energy source protein whose function is mainly for tissue repair, will be used as energy source
c. because non-protein energy source easily leach out in water, hence, limiting the organisms appetite
d. none of the above

47. Water soluble vitamins B complex and C are excreted in _____________

a. feces
b. urine
c. gills
d. none of the above

48. Lipid soluble vitamins, A, D, E and K, are excreted in _______________

a. feces
b. urine
c. gills
d. respiration

49. Which does not belong to the group?

a. Thiaminase
b. Cyanocobalamin
c. Panthotenic acid
d. Menadione

50. Which does not belong to the group?

a. Retinol
b. Sunshine vitamin
c. Pyridoxine
d. alpha Tocopherol

51. Onchorynchus mykiss

a. Rainbow trout
b. Pacific salmon
c. Sockeye salmon
d. Sea bream

52. What is the stable storage form of vitamin C in fish tissue?

a. L-ascorbic acid
b. Crystalline acid
c. Ascorbate-2-sulfate
d. Ascorbate-2-monophopshate

53. What vitamin is essential for maintainance of normal blood clotting for bone formation?
a. Panthotenic acid
b. Sunshine vitamin
c. Menadione
d. Ascorbate -2- polyphosphate

54. Minerals required in a diet in relatively large quantities

a. macrominerals
b. microminerals
 Aquaculture_set…G

c. essential minerals
d. noon-essential minerals

55. Refers to the degree of damage caused by organism

a. phatogenicity
b. virulence
c. disease
d. stress

56. Refers to the ability of the pathogen to cause damage

a. phatogenicity
b. virulence
c. disease
d. stress

57. The following pairs are correct except

a. Ciliophora – ciliated
b. Sarcomastigophora – flagellated
c. Myxozoa - spore-forming
d. Flagella – flagellated

58. Generally, minerals in fishes serve as components of tissue and cofactors or activators of enzymes. The following are functions of more
soluble minerals except
a. essential component of visual pigment
b. membrane potentials
c. maintenance of acid-base balance
d. Functions in osmoregulation

59. Most fishes are highly adaptable in their feeding habits and utilize the most readily available food, hence, the key factor in determining
what the fish will eat is _____________
a. fish appetite
b. food availability
c. manner of feeding
d. relative gut length

60. The breakdown of complex organic substances into simpler substances so that they are available for metabolism
a. Ecdysis
b. Digestion
c. Absorptioon
d. Ingestion

61. Mechanisms in nutrient absorption in fishes

a. simple diffusion
b. active transport
c. pinocystosis
d. all of the above

62. Mechanism in nutrient absorption in fish where solutes pass through the membrane from an environment of high to low solute
concentration without using energy
a. simple diffusion
b. active transport
c. pinocystosis
d. all of the above

63. Mechanism in nutrient absorption in fish requiring a continuous supply of energy and transports solute only in one direction
a. simple diffusion
b. active transport
c. pinocystosis
d. all of the above

64. Mechanism in nutrient absorption in fish involving the process by which materials are taken into the cell through an invagination and
subsequent dissolution of a part of a cell membrane
a. simple diffusion
b. active transport
c. pinocystosis
d. all of the above
 Aquaculture_set…G

65. An enzyme that catalyzes the digestion of starch

a. amylase
b. proteases
c. pepsin
d. bromeline

66. Other complex carbohydrates that are potential sources of energy but are not readily digested are cullulose which is a component of plant
cell wall and ___________________________________
a. chitin, component of trout
b. chitin, component of crustacean exoskeleton
c. chitin, component of hepatopancreas
d. all of the above

67. Provision of unlimited amount of feed until satiation

a. supplemental feeding
b. feeding to satiation
c. ad libitum feeding
d. dietary feeding

68. Fishes with no stomach has _____________

a. no acid phase of digestion
b. a pH of 4
c. no feeding pattern
d. no classical conditioning

69. Stomach of sharks

a. Y-shape
b. U-shape
c. J-shape
d. no shape

70. The choice of feed ingredient in aquafeed formulation depends on __________

a. content of essential nutrient and cost
b. digestibility, bioavailability and commercially available
c. absence of antinutritional factors and toxic substances
d. all of the above

71. The following are feed binders except __________

a. Vitamin C
b. alpha starch
c. hemicelluloses
d. lignosulfates

72. Antinutritional substance of soybean and other legumes that destroys red blood cell
a. Thiaminase
b. Cyanogens
c. Gossypol
d. Lectins

73. Antinutritional factor of poorly stored and unprotected oils which binds proteins and Vitamins in a diet
a. Phytates
b. Estrogens
c. Peroxides
d. Lectins

74. What would be the remedy for the removal of toxin gossypol in cottonseed meal to avoid binding of phophorus and proteins in a diet?
a. solvent extraction
b. addition of iron salts or phytase
c. proper storage
d. autoclaving

75. Soybean is good source of protein in a diet. Untreated soybeans and other legumes, though, have trypsin inhibitor which binds trypsin to
form an inactive compound in a diet. What would be the remedy for the inactivation of trypsin inhibitor in a soybean?
a. autoclaving
b. dry heating or cooking
c. soaking
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d. solvent extraction

76. Method of evaluating feedstuff and aquafeeds using senses to detect the presence of adulterants in the feed
a. physical
b. chemical
c. microbiological
d. biological

77. Method of feed evaluation which quantifies the amount of a given compound present in the feed
a. microbiological
b. physical
c. chemical
d. biological

78. Method of feed evaluation using microorganisms

a. chemical
b. physical
c. microbiological
d. biological

79. Method of feed evaluation which involves feeding experiment, but is more tedious and expensive yet more accurate
a. chemical
b. physical
c. microbiological
d. biological

80. These are important components in any feed formulation since they determine how fast and how much of a feed will be taken in by the
animals
a. protein
b. binder
c. attractants
d. food color

81. One of the following is the simplest method in determining water stability of pellets
a. weight-loss determination
b. crumbling the pellet by hand or checking for rough edges
c. use of wire baskets
d. determination of % water stability

82. An index to the nutritive value of feed and feedstuff

a. chemical evaluation
b. crude protein
c. moisture content
d. proximate analysis

83. High moisture content can lead to growth of molds during storage hence, feedstuff and aquafeeds should be dried to contain less than
____% of moisture
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 15%
d. 20%

84. Method used in determining crude protein content

a. Proximate analysis
b. Kjeldahl method
c. liquid chromatograph
d. Titration method

85. The quality of lipid contained in feedstuff is determined by its fatty acid composition which is obtained through ____________
a. liquid chromatograph
b. Proximate analysis
c. Kjeldahl method
d. Gas chromatographic analysis

86. Oxidative deterioration of lipids has been shown to cause rancid flavor in stored feedstuff and the degree of oxidation can be determined
through
 Aquaculture_set…G

a. peroxide value
b. Free fatty acid value
c. Thiobarbituric acid number
d. all of the above

87. An instrument used to measure the caloric content of feed sample

a. bomb calorimeter
b. bomb calorimetry
c. peroxide value
d. fatty acid value

88. Gossypol is an endogenous toxin present in the gland of cottonseed. This persists during production, unless the _______________
a. cottonseed is glandless
b. feedstuff is well mixed
c. feedstuff is pelleted
d. feedstuff is not used in feeding

89. Method of feed application

a. manual
b. mechanical
c. all
d. none

90. In case of low DO in pond, what would be the scheme or method of management that an aquaculturist should do?
a. liming
b. fertilization
c. drying
d. aeration

91. A mathematical method used in formulating feed but applicable only to few ingredients to be balanced
a. Winkler method
b. Algebraic method
c. Pearson’s square
d. Chi square

92. Refer to organisms that feed on relatively small items

a. planktivores
b. microphagous
c. grazers
d. strainers

93. Natural food in pond are composed of complex blue-green and green algae, diatoms, rotifers, crustaceans, insects, roundworms, detritus
and plankton
a. lumot
b. phytoplankton
c. natural food
d. lablab

94. A chemical reaction of water in which the reagent other than water is decomposed and hydrogen and hydroxyl added
a. Glycolysis
b. Autolysis
c. Hydrolysis
d. Metabolism

95. Unit of energy in metric system

a. calorie
b. kilocalorie
c. Joule
d. gram

96. Synthesis of biomolecules that occur within the animal's body

a. digestion
b. Ecdysis
c. de novo synthesis
d. biosynthesis
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97. Enrichment of a certain body of water

a. pollution
b. wastes
b. eutrophication
d. desalinization

98. Number of times feed is given in a day

a. feeding frequency
b. feeding rate
c. feeding chart
d. feed formulation

99. Feeds that are intended for aquaculture species

a. feed
b. fish feed
c. supplemental feed
d. aquafeed

100. Any of various seafishes that has low market value as human food
a. catch
b. angler fish
c. trash fish
d. wet fish
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Aquaculture_set G
Answer key

1. c 26. d 51. a 76. a

2. c 27. c 52. c 77. c
3. a 28. a 53. c 78. c
4. c 29. c 54. a 79. d
5. d 30. b 55. b 80. c
6. b 31. c 56. d 81. b
7. d 32. d 57. d 82. d
8. a 33. a 58. a 83. b
9. d 34. c 59. b 84. b
10. c 35. a 60. b 85. d
11. b 36. c 61. d 86. d
12. c 37. d 62. a 87. a
13. d 38. a 63. b 88. a
14. d 39. d 64. c 89. c
15. a 40. c 65. a 90. d
16. c 41. b 66. b 91. c
17. c 42. a 67. c 92. b
18. c 43. d 68. a 93. d
19. b 44. a 69. c 94. c
20. c 45. b 70. d 95. c
21. a 46. b 71. a 96. c
22. b 47. b 72. d 97. b
23. d 48. a 73. c 98. a
24. a 49. d 74. b 99. d
25. d 50. c 75. b 100. c