CHAPTER 4

FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

User note:
About this chapter: Plumbing fixtures are required to be installed for nearly every building as toilet facilities (water closets and lavatories)
are needed by the occupants of a building. Additional fixtures for washing, bathing and culinary purposes are also necessary where occu-
pants dwell in buildings. Chapter 4 specifies the minimum number and type of plumbing fixtures for buildings based on the description of
use of the building. Because fixture design and quality are paramount to ensure that plumbing fixtures operate properly, this chapter also
specifies numerous product and material standards for plumbing fixtures.

SECTION 401 enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid

GENERAL resistant.
401.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the materials, design 402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures. Materials for
and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture specialty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be
fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall of stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic,
provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various or shall be lined with lead, copper-base alloy, nickel-copper
types of occupancies. alloy, corrosion-resistant steel or other material especially
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections. Water closets suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or 402.3 Sheet copper. Sheet copper for general applications
having walls that are not thoroughly washed at each shall conform to ASTM B152 and shall not weigh less than
discharge in accordance with ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m2).
shall be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage 402.4 Sheet lead. Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less
of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohib- than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m2) and shall be
ited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited. coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
401.3 Water conservation. The maximum water flow rates
and flush volume for plumbing fixtures and fixture fittings
shall comply with Section 604.4. SECTION 403
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures. Plumbing fixtures
SECTION 402 shall be provided in the minimum number as shown in Table
FIXTURE MATERIALS 403.1, based on the actual use of the building or space. Uses
402.1 Quality of fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall be not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually by
constructed of approved materials, with smooth, impervious the code official. The number of occupants shall be deter-
surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, mined by the International Building Code.
and shall conform to standards cited in this code. Porcelain

TABLE 403.1
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURESa (See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
WATER CLOSETS DRINKING
LAVATORIES
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 424.2) FOUNTAIN
BATHTUBS/
NO. CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION (SEE OTHER
SHOWERS
MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE SECTION
410)
Theaters and other buildings 1
for the performing arts and 1 per 125 1 per 65 1 per 200 — 1 per 500 service
motion picturesd sink
Nightclubs, bars, taverns, 1
1 Assembly dance halls and buildings for 1 per 40 1 per 40 1 per 75 — 1 per 500 service
similar purposesd sink
1
Restaurants, banquet halls and
1 per 75 1 per 75 1 per 200 — 1 per 500 service
food courtsd
sink

(continued)

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FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

TABLE 403.1—continued
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURESa (See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
WATER CLOSETS DRINKING
LAVATORIES
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 424.2) FOUNTAIN
BATHTUBS/
NO. CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION (SEE OTHER
SHOWERS
MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE SECTION
410)
1 per 100 for the 1 per 50 for the 1 per 250 for the
first 400 and 1 per first 400 and 1 per first 750 and 1
Casino gaming areas 250 for the 150 for the 1 per 500 for the — 1 per 1,000 service
remainder remainder remainder sink
exceeding 400 exceeding 400 exceeding 750
Auditoriums without
permanent seating, art
1
galleries, exhibition halls,
1 per 125 1 per 65 1 per 200 — 1 per 500 service
museums, lecture halls,
sink
libraries, arcades and
gymnasiumsd
1
Passenger terminals and
1 1 per 500 1 per 500 1 per 750 — 1 per 1,000 service
transportation facilitiesd
Assembly sink
(cont.) 1
Places of worship and other
1 per 150 1 per 75 1 per 200 — 1 per 1,000 service
religious servicesd
sink
1 per 75 for the 1 per 40 for the
Coliseums, arenas, skating
first 1,500 and first 1,520 and 1
rinks, pools and tennis 1 per 1 per
1 per 120 for the 1 per 60 for the — 1 per 1,000 service
courts for indoor sporting 200 150
remainder remainder sink
events and activities
exceeding 1,500 exceeding 1,520
1 per 75 for the 1 per 40 for the
Stadiums, amusement
first 1,500 and first 1,520 and 1
parks, bleachers and grand- 1 per 1 per
1 per 120 for the 1 per 60 for the — 1 per 1,000 service
stands for outdoor sporting 200 150
remainder remainder sink
events and activitiesf
exceeding 1,500 exceeding 1,520
Buildings for the
transaction of business,
1 per 40 for the
professional services, other
first 80 and 1
services involving 1 per 25 for the first 50 and 1 per 50
2 Business 1 per 80 for the — 1 per 100 service
merchandise, office build- for the remainder exceeding 50
remainder sinke
ings, banks, ambulatory
exceeding 80
care, light industrial and
similar uses
1
3 Educational Educational facilities 1 per 50 1 per 50 — 1 per 100 service
sink
Structures in which occu-
pants are engaged in work 1
Factory and
4 fabricating, assembly or 1 per 100 1 per 100 — 1 per 400 service
industrial
processing of products or sink
materials
1
Custodial care facilities 1 per 10 1 per 10 1 per 8 1 per 100 service
sink
1
Medical care recipients in
service
hospitals and nursing 1 per roomc 1 per roomc 1 per 15 1 per 100
sink per
homes
floor
Employees in hospitals and
1 per 25 1 per 35 — 1 per 100 —
5 Institutional nursing homesb
Visitors in hospitals and
1 per 75 1 per 100 — 1 per 500 —
nursing homes
1
Prisonsb 1 per cell 1 per cell 1 per 15 1 per 100 service
sink
Reformitories, detention 1
centers, and correctional 1 per 15 1 per 15 1 per 15 1 per 100 service
centersb sink

(continued)

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 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS

TABLE 403.1—continued
MINIMUM NUMBER OF REQUIRED PLUMBING FIXTURESa (See Sections 403.1.1 and 403.2)
WATER CLOSETS DRINKING
LAVATORIES
(URINALS: SEE SECTION 424.2) FOUNTAIN
BATHTUBS/
NO. CLASSIFICATION DESCRIPTION (SEE OTHER
SHOWERS
MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE SECTION
410)
Employees in reformato-
ries, detention centers and 1 per 25 1 per 35 — 1 per 100 —
5 correctional centersb
Institutional
(cont.)
Adult day care and child 1
1 per 15 1 per 15 1 1 per 100
day care service sink
Retail stores, service
stations, shops, sales- 1
6 Mercantile 1 per 500 1 per 750 — 1 per 1,000
rooms, markets and service sinke
shopping centers
Hotels, motels, boarding 1 per 1 per 1 per 1
—
houses (transient) sleeping unit sleeping unit sleeping unit service sink
Dormitories, fraternities,
1
sororities and boarding 1 per 10 1 per 10 1 per 8 1 per 100
service sink
houses (not transient)
1 kitchen sink
per dwelling
unit; 1 auto-
1 per 1 per matic clothes
Apartment house 1 per dwelling unit —
dwelling unit dwelling unit washer
connection per
20 dwelling
units
7 Residential
Congregate living facili-
ties with 16 or fewer 1 per 10 1 per 10 1 per 8 1 per 100 1 service sink
persons
1 kitchen sink
per dwelling
One- and two-family
unit; 1 auto-
dwellings and lodging 1 per 1 per
1 per dwelling unit — matic clothes
houses with five or fewer dwelling unit dwelling unit
washer
guestrooms
connection per
dwelling unit
Congregate living facili-
1
ties with 16 or fewer 1 per 10 1 per 10 1 per 8 1 per 100
service sink
persons
Structures for the storage
of goods, warehouses,
1
8 Storage storehouse and freight 1 per 100 1 per 100 — 1 per 1,000
service sink
depots. Low and Moderate
Hazard.

a. The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated or any fraction of the number of persons indi-
cated. The number of occupants shall be determined by the International Building Code.
b. Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or care recipients.
c. A single-occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory serving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be permitted provided
that each patient sleeping unit has direct access to the toilet room and provision for privacy for the toilet room user is provided.
d. The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment areas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities required.
e. For business and mercantile classifications with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
f. The required number and type of plumbing fixtures for outdoor public swimming pools shall be in accordance with Section 609 of the International Swim-
ming Pool and Spa Code.

2021 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® 4-3