HOW TO BEHAVE

IN

JAPAN
ESSENTIAL JAPANESE MANNERS & ETIQUETTE

CORALIA VARGA
CORALIA VARGA

HOW TO BEHAVE IN JAPAN:

ESSENTIAL JAPANESE MANNERS & ETIQUETTE

2nd Edition January 2023

Published by 42droids

42droids Ltd is registered in England & Wales: 08451540

Text © 42droids Ltd 2023

Photographs © 42droids Ltd 2023

Cover Design © 42droids Ltd 2023

Illustrations © Nai Saechao

All Rights Reserved.

No part of this publication may be copied, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means,
electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, except brief extracts for the purpose of review, and no part of this
publication may be sold or hired, without the written permission of the publisher.

You Could Travel and the You Could Travel logo are property of 42droids Ltd.
You Could Travel does not allow its name or logo to be appropriated by commercial establishments such as retailers,
restaurants or hotels.

42droids offices:
United Kingdom
85 Great Portland Street, London, W1W 7LT

Email: info@42droids.co.uk
About the author
Coralia is a Romanian & British travel writer and
photographer.
She is the co-founder of one of the most-read travel blogs
in the world, You Could Travel.

Her travel website reaches over 5 million people per year

and throughout her writing career, she has received a
variety of nominations and accolades.

As a legal alumna from The University of Manchester,

Coralia is a public speaker where she delivers insightful
talks about running a successful business.
Coralia is very passionate about Japan and she loves
helping curious travellers embark on their life-changing
trips.

Coralia Varga and You Could Travel have worked with

hundreds of different companies in dozens of countries
worldwide. She's been featured in Forbes,
Travel + Leisure, BBC, Lonely Planet and more.

Coralia lives in Yorkshire, UK with her husband. She's an

avid reader and traveller.
 About
in Japan
manners & customs

Manners and customs are important in Japan, Spirituality in Japan is primarily practised
and even though you are a tourist in the during birth, marriage, death and matusuri
country, you are still expected to follow a few (festivals).
common rules.
Shinto and Buddhism are Japan’s two major
When planning to visit Japan you should religions. Shinto is the basis of Japanese
familiarise yourself with basic Japanese spirituality and is considered the country’s
manners and etiquette. indigenous religion. Shinto is concerned with
living in harmony with nature and living
It is believed that the current etiquette in creatures. Everything in the natural world is a
Japan began with the arrival of Shinto, or the kami (god). In Japan, all four seasons are
“Way of Gods”. highly cherished and celebrated, which is one
of the main principles of Shinto.
Unlike any other country in the world, Japan
is highly spiritual with a unique belief system. During Spring, when Japan becomes a
One of the most interesting things about dreamy pink landscape, snowed under the
Japanese religion is how no one preaches delicate sakura petals, the locals embrace this
about it, yet it acts almost like a moral code, a seasonal change, by incorporating sakura
way of living. flavours in the food, sweets and snacks.

The Japanese don’t discuss religious matters

on a day to day basis, nor do they frequently
worship.
Winter is a season focused on hot, heavier In order to catch a glimpse of the true
food, to comfort and keep the soul warm. Japanese spiritual life, it’s best to visit a
variety of Shrines and Temples.
Buddhism arrived in Japan during the 6th
century and established itself in Nara. Japanese spirituality is related to the
Throughout the years, Buddhism evolved unpredictable forces of nature, ever-changing
into different sects, with Zen Buddhism seasons and the sheer amount of living
being the most widely spread in Japan. creatures all around us.
With time, Shinto and Buddhism became the Hikes on Mount Inari or Mount Hiei,
basis of the Japanese way of life, both carrying represent a rite of passage into the natural
different spiritual symbols. worlds, where we, humans, found a place to
coexist and adapt.
Shinto is generally associated with the
celebration of life, birth marriage, whereas Hidden Buddhist temples in Arashiyama,
Buddhism is mostly practised during funerals, hold the true core of zen, which is the essence
concerned with the afterlife. of finding inner peace and happiness.
Senso-ji, Kiyomizo-dera, and countless others
The Japanese are deeply connected to the are a reminder of how our infinite minds, can
concept of mono no aware which means “the be used for good, for self-improvement,
pathos of things”. The Japanese believe in the knowledge and kindness.
awareness of the transience of all things,
which in turn are meant to heighten the Japan is where people learned to coexist with
appreciation of their beauty. The emotion nature and allow for the religious heritage to
should be one of the gentle sadness, as all evolve into spirituality, which then translated
beautiful things, just like life itself, is passing. into manners, customs and etiquettes still
followed today.

Coralia Varga
 General Manners
The manners say much about the Japanese and their views
of the world.

As a tourist in Japan, you won’t master all Japanese manners

right away and this is not expected of you.

However, there are a few general things which you should

try and remember, in order to make a good impression.

Every effort made to adhere to the local customs will be

greatly appreciated and ultimately, will make it easier for
you to better understand the Japanese culture.
Learn a few Japanese words
Learning just a few words in Japanese will leave a good
impression.

Although most Japanese learn English at school, they might

have little practice and are uncomfortable speaking English
on a day to day basis.

Most of the time, hotel staff have good language skills but
expecting the same in shops or restaurants might be a
stretch.

Be kind and respect people who might feel uncomfortable

talking to you in English.

Hello - Kon'nichiwa Tea - Ocha

Thank you - Arigatō Yes - Hai
Please - Kudasai No - Īe
Goodbye - Mata ne Cheers - Kanpai
Excuse me - Sumimasen I’m sorry -
I don't understand - Gomen’nasai
Wakarimasen Help - Herupu
Drinking or eating on the street
What if you are hungry or thirsty? Streets are considered
dirty so there are special areas allocated for eating and
drinking.

You will find plenty of vending machines, eateries, bars and

pubs all around you. You should buy your drink and food
and consume it then and there. All vending machines have a
bin next to them so you can discard any packaging and
empty cans.

Most street food vendors have a small area where you can
eat your food right away.

When you are on the shinkansen, use the foldable tray in

front of you to eat your bento box. Some night trains will
have dedicated areas for eating and drinking. Please avoid
eating in the subway.
 No bins in Japan
It's rare to find bins anywhere on the streets of Japan. This
is not because Japan is dirty, but on the contrary: it is one
of the cleanest countries in the world.

Everybody just holds on to their rubbish and take it home

with them.

You might come across some bins next to the vending

machines. These are provided only for the empty products
from the vending machines and not for general use.

Carry a plastic bag with you to store your rubbish until you
get back to your hotel room. The hotel housekeeper will
empty the bins in your room on a daily basis.
 Pointing at people
In Japanese culture, pointing is considered threatening and
rude.

If you ask for directions, people tend to indicate directions

with an open hand. They sometimes offer verbal directions
without gestures.

Instead of using a finger to point at something, the Japanese

use a hand to gently wave at what they would like to
indicate.

When referring to themselves, people will use their fingers

to touch their noses instead of pointing at themselves.
Do you have the sniffles?
Another cultural difference that might be hard for
Westerners to adhere to is that blowing your nose in public
spaces is considered bad manners.

If you have the sniffles you can either go to the restroom to

blow your nose or sniffle for the time being.

Strangely, sniffling is considered totally normal in Japan so

you might hear this in public spaces, especially in the
winter.
The Japanese are always on time
Precision is key in Japan and the Japanese are rarely late for
an appointment.

Be it dinner, seeing a doctor, going for an interview or

meeting a friend, arriving on time is very important.

In fact, being on time is so important that in the unlikely

event of the train or subway arriving late at its destination,
the conductor will offer an explanation in writing for
passengers so they have evidence as to why they were
consequently late.
 Silence is gold
You will notice the silence in many neighbourhoods, even
downtown Tokyo, during the evening.

You are probably excited about everything you see around

you, but try to talk softly and quietly.

The Japanese avoid making noise in their apartments and

houses as much as possible. They don't usually have loud
parties and you won't hear any shouting.

Most cars in Japan are either hybrid or fitted with a special

device to reduce noise.
 Wave at people
If you need to grab someone’s attention, either wave at them
or walk to them. You should always avoid shouting their
name on the street.

Silence, quiet and respect are crucial in Japan. People talk

softly and The only places where the Japanese are a bit
louder are izakayas and bars.

Overall, you should always refrain from shouting unless

someone is in immediate danger and you must grab their
attention to avoid an accident.
 Elevator manners
When you are in an elevator, the person closest to the
buttons should operate the elevator (doors, selecting floors
etc).

The person closest to the elevator panel should be the last to

get off when they reach their floor.

Make sure to respect people’s space and try to avoid any

type of contact when possible.

Don’t push your way out and be patient whilst others get
out of the elevator. You can say “Sumimasen” to let others
know you wish to get out.
 Be mindful
Japanese people are incredibly respectful and mindful of
others.
Be respectful of others around you, avoid stopping in the
middle of the street and keep your conversation quiet.

Personal space is seen as very important in Japan. When you

queue, or on public transport, leave enough space between
you and the person in front of you. The only exception is
during extreme rush hours.

Usually, the Japanese avoid contact, so never pat someone

on the back, touch their hair or clothing.
 Keep smoking at bay
It is illegal to walk and smoke in some areas.

Walking and smoking can be viewed as totally irresponsible

as you can burn someone by mistake, especially in a crowded
area. Thus, you can only smoke at designated outdoor
smoking areas. Streets where it is illegal to walk and smoke
are clearly marked.

Some restaurants offer smoking and non-smoking areas.

Please be respectful when using these establishments.

Some hotels offer smoking rooms. Select a smoking room if

you wish to smoke in the hotel.
 Bow or nod
The Japanese greet each other by bowing. You will see that
some bow a little whilst others offer a deep bend to the
waist.
Long and deep bows indicate respect, whilst a shorter bow is
informal.

Don’t bring your hands to the chest when you bow, as that's
a type of greeting in other Asian countries only.

You are not expected to know the rules of bowing in Japan,

however, you will be greeted by a bow when entering a
restaurant or shop. It is nice to offer a small nod back to
reciprocate the greeting. Shaking hands is very common
during business introductions in Japan.

Don’t bow and shake hands at the same time, because this
will lead to injury.
 Table Manners
Sushi is perhaps the most well known Japanese dish. The
word sushi refers to rice that has been seasoned and not to
raw fish as most commonly believed.

Sliced, fresh raw fish is called sashimi.

Japanese cuisine is one of the best in the world, with more

Michelin star restaurants than any other country. For a
while now, Tokyo has been recognised as the world’s
kitchen. For a foodie, Japan is definitely the place to visit.

Many of us have an idea how to eat in a restaurant, but in

reality, things are being done completely differently in
Japan.

Next, you will learn about the tipping culture, how to use
chopsticks and what you should avoid doing during meals.
 How to use the oshibori
When you sit down for a meal, you usually will receive a hot
oshibori (towel) to clean your hands with.

Oshibori have long been part of the hospitality culture in

Japan. In the Heian period, it was used by visitors; during
the Edo period it was used in hatago (a basket carried by
travellers); later, it was used in many restaurants.
Cold oshibori is used in the summer and hot oshibori in the
winter.

The oshibori is not to clean your face with. You might see
middle-aged Japanese men doing this, but it is considered
inappropriate.

Clean your hands, then fold the oshibori back nicely and
leave it on the side.
 Restaurant greetings
At restaurants, you will be welcomed with the greeting
Irasshaimase.
Irasshaimase means welcome and it’s a nice way to greet a
customer.

You don’t have to reply, but simply nod to acknowledge the

staff.

If you don’t know how to say “table for two” in Japanese,

simply show two fingers and the staff will understand.

You can apply the same logic for restaurants, bars and pubs.

You can say gochisosama deshita (thank you for the meal)
when leaving.
 Kanpai!
Kanpai means "cheers". Drinking before saying kanpai is
considered undisciplined.

When drinking in a group, everyone waits for their drinks,

say kanpai, then drink.

This is usually done for the first round only, then things are
allowed to get a little messier.
 Sushi restaurants
If you wish to observe how your food is prepared, you can
ask to be seated at the sushi bar.

You can ask your itamae (sushi chef) directly to prepare

your favourite type of sushi. The rest of the items such as
drinks or miso soup should still be ordered from the waiters.

The sushi chef may be very busy during peak times. Make
sure you don’t disturb him if he’s unable to converse.

If you are sitting at the sushi bar, it is polite to thank your

itamae directly. You can say domo arigato.

You can praise the sushi rice made by your chef. The itamae
spent a lot of time crafting the perfect rice to go with the
fresh fish.
 How to pour drinks
In Japan, your colleagues, friends, or host should pour your
drinks for you, and you should return the favour.

Pouring is usually done depending on the social status, work

relation and so on. The social and corporate hierarchy is
difficult to understand by an outsider, hence don’t worry
too much about it, as you are an honoured guest.

It is customary to allow others seated close to you to refill

your glass from their bottle, communal bottles, or a tokkuri
(sake bottle). You should reciprocate, assuming that you are
drinking the same drink.
 Sugar and cream
The Japanese green tea should be enjoyed as it is offered to
you. It is not necessary to add sugar or cream.

If you don’t like tea, simply order water or beer instead.

Most establishments offer complimentary green tea,
mugicha (barley tea) or water.

You can also come across hōjicha, a type of Japanese green

tea that is roasted in a porcelain pot over charcoal. It is
roasted at 150° C to prevent oxidation and produce a light
golden colour, as opposed to other Japanese teas which are
steamed.

If you decide to order coffee you can add sugar, milk or

cream.
 Slurp your noodles
Loud slurping may be rude in other counties, but in Japan,
it is considered rude not to slurp. Slurping your noodles
tells the chef you are enjoying the food.

Use your chopsticks to get the noodles into your mouth. It

is also acceptable to bring your small bowl of food close to
your face to eat, instead of bending your head down to get
closer to your plate.

It is actually not customary to bite your noodle. Noisy

eating is not just accepted but encouraged!

Slurp, slurp, slurp!

 Tipping culture
In most Japanese restaurants customers pay for their meals
at the front register, rather than leaving money with the
waiter or waitress.

Tipping is not customary in Japan. If you leave money

behind, someone will very likely run after you to give you
your money back as they would assume you forgot it on the
table.

If you really enjoyed your meal, you can buy your chef a
glass of sake but leaving money behind is a no-no.

Tipping isn't required for cab or bus rides or hotel services

either.
 How to pay
Paying in cash is the most popular option, although more
and more restaurants also accept credit cards or IC cards.

Some restaurants will ask you to use the vending machine at

the entrance. Simply insert your money, pick your meal and
collect your receipt and change. Give the receipt to the
waiter who will then bring your meal to your table.

Friends usually split the bill. This is normal even on a date.

In a business circumstance, if you take clients out for

dinner, make
sure you cover the bill. It is likely that your clients will try
and fight you but it is customary that the person who has
something to sell pays. It is unlikely you will get the
business if the customer ends up with their credit card on
the table.
 What to drink
In Japan, when you dine out, it is normal to When in Japan just search for the word
receive a glass of water or a hot cup of tea. nomihodai (drink all you like). The best place
These are complementary. to find a great nomihodai is at a karaoke bar
which offers private rooms with all you can
Sake is usually drunk before or after meals or sing rates (utaihodai), as well as all you can
with sashimi only. With sushi, you will drink deals.
usually receive green tea.
If neither sake nor beer rocks your boat, then
Despite sake being Japan's national drink, the the Japanese have yet another card up their
Japanese still prefer beer over the locally sleeve: Japanese whiskey.
brewed rice wine. The most loved beer is
larger (beer-ru in Japanese), although you can Usually drank neat it's incredibly popular
find cheaper brands that sell happoshu (malt amongst Japanese businessmen. Japanese
flavoured beverage). whiskey is rather sought after in the world.

Most tourists tend to fall for this trap, Jim Murray (famed writer especially for his
ordering the cheaper "beers" not knowing observation on whiskey) named a single malt
they are actually drinking a low malt from the Yamazaki distillery the “best in the
beverage. world”.
 Chopsticks etiquette

When you are not using your chopsticks or When picking up food from a shared
finished eating, lay them down in front of plate, make sure you offer people space as
you with the tips towards the left. it is not nice for two people to grab from
the same dish at the same time.
Rubbing your chopsticks together is a way of
telling your chef his utensils are cheap. If you have already eaten with your
chopsticks, use the opposite end to take
If you received your chopsticks wrapped in food from a shared plate.
paper, put them back after you finished Simply use the end of the chopsticks
eating. This is a nice gesture towards the which hasn’t touched your mouth.
waiters so they don't have to touch the
chopsticks you ate with. The Japanese are extremely clean and
conscious of personal hygiene, hence
Avoid sticking chopsticks into your food, sharing chopsticks to eat food is frowned
especially rice. This is only done at funerals upon.
when rice is put onto the altar. Passing food
from one chopstick to another is also a
funeral custom.
 How to eat...
Wondering how to eat Japanese food?

Next, we will explore how to eat various types of food such

as rice, curries and noodles.

You don’t have to change your way, but it’s always nice to
keep in mind how the locals do it.
 ...Rice
Hold the rice bowl in one hand and the chopsticks in the
other.
Lift the bowl towards your mouth while eating.

Remember not to pour soy sauce over the cooked rice.

 ...Sushi
Pour some soy sauce into the small dish provided.
Sushi already has wasabi on it, usually under the fish. It is
not necessary to mix wasabi with soy sauce. If you don’t like
wasabi, make sure to tell the chef in advance.

In various sushi train restaurants, you will find plates that

are colour coded to tell you if the sushi contains wasabi.

Tilt the sushi fish down to apply only a hint of soy sauce.
Don’t dip the sushi rice directly into soy sauce.

Place the sushi on your tongue fish-down. This way, you get
the full flavours and freshness of the fish.

Gari (pickled ginger) is considered a palate cleanser. It’s

used between different types of sushi and should only be
eaten on its own.
 ...Sashimi
Remember to only eat sashimi with your chopsticks.

Dip the sashimi into soy sauce.

Using your chopsticks, add a small amount of wasabi to
your sashimi piece.

Sashimi pieces should be eaten in one bite.

 ...Miso soup
Drink the miso soup as if you were drinking soup from a
cup.

The bits of seaweed and tofu can be eaten with chopsticks.

Usually, with a full course meal, the miso soup is added as a

side.
The food is usually arranged in a triangle in front of you.
Take from each food clockwise until everything is finished.
 ...Noodles
Use your chopsticks to eat noodles. You can slurp the
noodles as this will tell the chef you like your meal. You can
try and copy the slurping sound others make around you.
This can become a fun game.

While enjoying your ramen, make sure not to splash. If you

receive a ceramic spoon, you can use it to drink the soup.
Otherwise, you can drink directly from the bowl.
 ...Rice dishes with sauce
Donburi rice bowls are the quintessential Japanese comfort
meal. “Don” refers to the bowl that the dish is served in, so
for a typical donburi, you get a bowl of steamed rice with
toppings such as vegetables, meat or seafood.

Some types of donburi, such as tendon, are easy to eat with

hashi (chopsticks). These are also the dishes you can eat
with a spoon.
 ...Big chunks
When you are eating large pieces of food like tempura, you
can bite off pieces and return the rest back to your plate.

Always use your chopsticks and never your hands.

Sushi should be eaten in one bite. Don’t cut the sushi into
pieces, it’s like cutting the chef into two.

Nigiri is often difficult to be eaten with chopsticks, it’s ok

for you to eat it with your hands. If the nigiri is too big, ask
the chef to make them smaller.
 Visiting a temple or shrine
Shinto and Buddhism are Japan's two major religions.
Shinto is the basis of Japanese spirituality and is considered
the country's indigenous religion.

Shinto is concerned with living in harmony with nature and

living creatures. Everything in the natural world is a kami
(god).
Paying respects at a shinto shrine
Always be quiet and respectful when visiting a shrine.
At the entrance, you will see a purification fountain. Take
one of the ladles provided, fill it with fresh water and rinse
both hands. Then transfer some water into your cupped
hand, rinse your mouth and spit the water beside the
fountain. Please don’t transfer the water directly from the
ladle into your mouth or swallow the water. This ritual is
optional, you can skip it altogether. but it’s good to be
aware of the shrine etiquette.

At the offering hall, you should throw a coin into the

offering box, bow deeply twice, clap your hands twice, bow
deeply once more, pull on the thick thread to ring the dong
(this will get the god’s attention) and pray for a few
seconds. Every shrine houses one or more kami (gods). You
can usually see the kami at the entrance or on the ema
(wooden wish plaques) around the temple grounds.
 How to use an omikuji
Omikuji are random fortunes written on strips of paper at
Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples. Literally meaning
"sacred lot", these are usually received by making a small
offering and randomly drawing a bamboo stick from a box,
hoping for the resulting fortune to be a good one.

The Japanese character on the bamboo stick will point you

to a corresponding wooden drawer where you can find your
written fortune.

Should you be blessed, you can keep your paper strip with
you, otherwise, wrap it around a dedicated wooden stand
and leave it behind so the spirits take care of your
misfortune for you.
 How to use an ema
Charms and superstitions are deeply integrated into the
Japanese way of life. Many buy lucky charms and use them
for specific needs, such as fertility, luck and wealth.

Emas are small wooden plaques, common to Japan, on

which Shinto and Buddhist worshippers write prayers or
wishes. Emas are left hanging at the shrine, where the spirits
or gods are believed to receive them.

Typically 15 cm (5.9 in) wide and 9 cm (3.5 in) tall, they

often carry images or are shaped like animals, or symbols
from the zodiac, or the particular shrine or temple.

Purchase one, write your wish on the back and leave it

behind at the temple for your wish to be fulfilled by the
gods.
 Inside a Japanese house
Most rules in regards to Japanese houses are related to
footwear.
As previously mentioned, streets are considered dirty in
Japan, hence it is important to remember to take your shoes
off before entering a Japanese house.

Indoor slippers are sometimes provided.

There are special slippers when entering the toilet or
bathroom too, so remember to use them when provided.

These rules might also apply to restaurants, ryokans and

some temples around Japan.
 Leave your shoes behind
Wear nice and clean socks during your travels to Japan.

There are restaurants and museums which will ask you to

remove your shoes before entering their establishment.
Some provide slippers. Don't walk around barefoot. If you
visit in the summer when everyone wears sandals, have a pair
of thin socks with you.

Never wear shoes or slippers when walking on a tatami.

As a tip, wear slip-on shoes with socks.

 Toilet slippers
Most hotels, guesthouses and even homes will have toilet
slippers.

Toilet slippers must be used when entering the bathroom.

However, you shouldn't wear toilet slippers outside of the
bathroom.

The room with the toilet is considered dirty in Japan.

Taking your shoes off and putting toilet slippers on is
perfectly common even in restaurants.
 Japanese toilets...
To use an old Asian-style toilet:

Face the front of the toilet, take down your pants or lift up
your skirt and squat down close to the front of the toilet.

How to use a modern Japanese-style toilet:

Many Western-style toilets in Japan have an array of

amazing options such as a heated seat, a built-in shower and
dryer for your private parts as well as an automatic lid
opener.

Please remember that toilet paper is not always provided in

public toilets. If you are not yet comfortable using the
special features of a Japanese toilet, you might want to
consider bringing a small pack of tissues with you. These
toilets can also sing while in use.
 How to bathe
The Japanese manners and etiquette dictate that you should
clean your body before entering a bathtub. Only then you
can soak and relax.
You should use no soap in the bathtub and keep the water
crystal clear.

In the end, you shouldn’t drain the water, but allow the rest
of your family members to also enjoy the bath.

If you are the honoured guest, you usually have priority to

enter the bath first.
 How to sit
The formal way of sitting for both genders is seiza
(kneeling). If you are not used to sitting in seiza style you
will probably become uncomfortable after a few minutes.

Don’t worry though, foreigners are rarely expected to be

able to sit in seiza style for a long time.
In casual situations, men usually sit cross-legged, while
women with both legs to one side.

In Japan, the sitting order has to be considered too. Guests

sit on the kamiza (honoured seat) which is located farthest
from the entrance. The host usually sits on the shimoza
(next to the entrance).
 Visiting a Japanese person
It is customary that when you visit a Japanese person you
bring some nicely wrapped food or drink as a present.

You don’t need to purchase expensive gifts, but make sure

they are wrapped nicely. You will notice that many
department stores put a lot of effort into creating visually
appealing merchandise.

Some stores even wrap your purchase in a beautiful paper

which makes it look wonderful and ready to be given as a
gift.
 The art of gift giving
People of Japan consider gift-giving very important. Gifts
usually require an equal or even higher-priced item in
return. Make sure you don’t spend a fortune on a gift just to
impress someone as they will have to pay just as much or
more to offer you a gift in return.

Japanese people appreciate food and drink items so your

best bet is to spend some time in various department stores
picking out something that looks nice.
 Omiyage and Temiyage
Omiyage are souvenirs brought home from your travels.

Temiyage are "thank you" gifts you bring when you visit
someone.

Remember that gifts shouldn’t be too expensive.

 Ochugen and Oseibo
Twice a year, in June and December, co-workers, friends
and families exchange gifts.

The gifts are called Ochugen (offered in June) and Oseibo

(offered in December).
Birthdays and Christmas
Birthday or Christmas gifts were not common in Japan.

Due to Western influences, these holidays have become

more popular in recent years.

Nowadays, friends and family exchange gifts during

Christmas and some even attempt a Christmas dinner as
seen in various movies and Western traditions whilst abroad.
 Onsen in Japan
The main purpose of going to an onsen is to relax.

You will find many onsens during your trip to Japan.

Bathing in an onsen is a great and unique experience.

Public baths are used for people to socialise. People are

completely naked in the water but this is not seen as
shameful.

Onsens are usually more tailored towards relaxation and

meditation.

The water is meant to be hot and you should only use it for
soaking purposes.
 Tattoos in Japan
Tattoos are usually associated with groups such as the
Yakuza. Understandably, people in Japan frown upon
tattoos, especially if they cover a large part of your body.

Nowadays there are several tattoo-friendly onsens. Japanese

ryokan owners understand that foreigners have nothing to
do with the Yakuza, hence they have a more relaxed policy.

If the onsen you plan to visit doesn’t allow tattoos, you

might be able to book a room with a private open-air bath.
Alternatively, reserve a private slot when you can enjoy the
onsen on your own. This might cost a little extra, but it’s
well worth it.

Don't be offended if a ryokan owner refuses entry to the

onsen because of your ink.
 Onsen Time
To use the onsen you have to be fully naked.

Before you enter the onsen, wash with soap and water. You
can use a stool provided to sit down while you wash. Make
sure to rinse the stool and the area around you, once you
finished.

Be delicate when entering the onsen, don't dive in or splash

the water. Use a towel to cover your modesty until you enter
the water. However, the towel shouldn't touch the water.
Fold the towel and put it on the top of your head while
bathing.

Onsen facilities are for soaking, meditating and

contemplating. If your towel slips into the water, remove it
immediately and wring it outside the bath, never in the hot
springs.

Once you are done soaking, use your towel to wipe off
excess water and sweat before entering the locker room.
 Tea Ceremony
Arrive a few minutes before your You will now be taken to the tea house.
appointment. Leave your coat and bag Proceed into the tea room through the small
behind in the waiting room and put on fresh door called nijiri-guchi.
tabi (traditional Japanese socks). When the last guest enters the room, they
must close the door with an audible sound as
Traditionally the waiting room has a tatami this will alert the host to enter the tea room
and a decorative hanging scroll which varies, and welcome each guest individually.
depending on the season. This is the time
when your host will offer you some hot Traditionally, the first guest will have to ask
water, kombu tea or barley tea. After the host questions about the hanging scroll
everyone has arrived (usually no more than 4 you saw in the waiting room. A meal is served
guests), you will be taken to the roji (garden) to the guests, as well as a sweet, wrapped in
where you can sit down on the waiting bench. special paper. After the food, the guests are
invited to have a break, which usually takes
When your host arrives, make sure to place back in the waiting room. During this
exchange bows, then proceed to the Tsukubai time the host will clean the tea room, eplace
(Japanese fountain) where you need to wash the scroll with flowers and make any
your hands and mouth. preparations for serving the tea.
You will be summoned back with the aid of a bell or gong. You need
to purify yourself again by the Tsukubai. Ensure you examine the tea
room which now has ikebana (flower arrangement). In due course, the
host will clean and prepare each utensil used for the tea, then proceed
with the actual preparation of Matcha.

When the Matcha is ready, the bowl of tea is offered to the first guest.
Bows are exchanged between the host and the first guest, then the first
guest turns to the second guest and bows in respect to the host. The
first guest must take a small sip from the matcha bowl, wipe clean the
rim, and pass it onto the second guest. This is repeated by all guests
until everyone sips from the precious matcha. Please take time to
admire the matcha bowl which was handcrafted by a master,
specifically for the Japanese Tea Ceremony.

The host will clean the utensils and leave the room with all tea
equipment, then will return with more sweets and smoking sets for a
more casual rest of the evening.
Doing business in Japan
The Japanese are more likely to rely on non-verbal cues and
very rarely you will know exactly what a Japanese person
thinks.

The Japanese rarely say no, but they imply with various
gestures such as tilting their head. Some may even stay silent
during the conversation to imply they want to say no.

It’s important to remember that meetings in Japan are

mainly to learn about you and what you know.

Ideas and decisions are made through a long and involved

building process and definitely not during one single
meeting.
 Names in Japan
When talking to a Japanese person it is best to be polite and
add the right title to the end of their name. This is an
essential Japanese manner and etiquette when addressing
someone new or in a business environment.

-san: e.g. Takahiro-san

This is the most neutral and common title and can be used
in most situations.

-sama: e.g. Takahiro-sama

This is a more polite form of san, often used in formal
situations and letters, but too polite in a casual context.

-sensei: Takahiro-sensei
This is a title used for teachers, doctors or people from
whom you can receive a service or instructions.
 Business cards
Business cards are very important in Japanese culture. When
exchanging business cards make sure you receive them with
both hands.
Inspect it carefully and look appreciative. If you are in a
meeting, layout the business card you receive in front of
you.

Never put the business card at the back of your trousers, as

this is considered bad manners.

Japanese business cards are used in pretty much any

circumstance. It may be a good idea to have business cards
handy if you think you will meet people in Japan you wish
to keep in touch with.
 Formal wear
People in Japan like to dress for success, thus you will see
many black suits and formal wear everywhere.

In Japan, it is expected that you blend in.

For special dinners and occasions, Japanese people will dress

elegantly and decent. You won’t find people wearing
revealing clothes. The outfits are kept neat and
sophisticated.
 A moment of silence
In a business meeting, Japanese people don’t mind short
periods of silence in the middle of the discussion.

Avoid interrupting people when they are speaking or

thinking about an answer.
 Shopping in Japan
Shopping is one of the most fun experiences in Japan. With
malls as big as a city and boutiques virtually everywhere, it’s
easy to see why so many people love shopping.

However, shopping in Japan has its own set of rules which

should be followed.

People are considerate to one another and shops are kept

clean and well presented for everyone.

The Japanese take pride in offering good service and they

will happily help you try on your clothes and guide you in
the process.
 Umbrella sleeves
When it’s raining, avoid making people wet with your
umbrella and be careful when entering a subway, train or
crowded space.

Restaurants and department stores provide a plastic sleeve

for your umbrella at the entrance. Please use them so the
floor doesn't become wet and slippery.
Count your blessings not your change
It’s normal in Western countries to check if someone gave
you the right change. Not in Japan.

Japanese people trust one another (no surprise they have

some of the lowest levels of crime in the world).

It is considered rude to count your change and it's seen as a

form of distrust.
 Trying on clothes
When going shopping in Japan you will notice that you have
to take your shoes off before getting into the changing
rooms.

This is to ensure the changing rooms are kept clean and your
socks don’t get dirty and from the floor.
 Wear a face cover
If you wear make-up you will be offered a face cover to wear
when trying on dresses or tops.

This is to ensure the merchandise doesn’t get dirty and you

don’t mess up your make-up either.
Transport and transit in Japan
As with everything in Japan, there are a few things you need
to keep in mind when you are out and about.

Stick to your side of the road and make sure you never stop
in the middle of the street.

Be considerate and follow the pavement signs to find your

direction and traffic flow on the street or in the subway.
 Your side of the road
When you walk on the street always stick to your side and
allow others to pass.
I know you are on holiday, wanting to marvel at everything,
but others must rush to get to work and cannot be late...
remember, the Japanese are never late.

Most pavements, escalators, subway platforms will have

signs indicating which side to stick to. Please respect this.

Most pavements are colour coded to make it easier to avoid

bike lanes.
 Private phone calls
Although it is fine to be online, send texts and browse social
media, it is impolite to talk on the phone whilst on public
transport.

If someone rings you, reject the call, send them a text saying
you will call them back as soon as possible.
 Escalators
Stick to the right side of the escalators and always leave
room for others to be able to pass you.

If you are travelling with a friend, allow them to be in front

or behind you. Make sure you never block both sides of the
escalator.
 The queue
For the Shinkansen, you will notice circles, squares or
triangles on the timetable, alongside departure times. These
indicate the positions where you can start queuing.

Please queue at your allocated gate marked with the symbol

you saw on the timetable.

If there are people already queueing simply get behind them.

 The backpack adventure
You should take the backpack off your shoulders and carry
it in your hands instead when boarding a train or subway.

You will notice that the Japanese do the same even if they
have a very small, empty backpack. This is especially
important during rush hour when trains and subways tend
to be very busy.
 Taxi in Japan
You can always ask the receptionist at your hotel to call you
a taxi.
Check in advance if the taxi accepts credit cards or cash
only.

Most taxi doors in Japan are automatic. This means the taxi
driver opens and closes them for you. Please don’t attempt
to operate the doors yourself as this might make the taxi
driver upset.

The taxi driver normally helps you with the luggage.

The Most
Complete Japan
Travel Guide
Click to read the FREE guide now
 Glossary
Here are a few words alongside their explanation you will
most likely encounter in Japan.

Keep this glossary handy for when you are in Japan so you
can quickly look up the words and their meaning.
A C

Aburatorigama - "oil removing paper" first used by geisha and Capsule Hotel - cheap business accommodation
kabuki actors now widespread female skincare Chanoyu - the discipline of tea ceremony
Aikido - martial art Chikan - 'pervert': a male groper or flasher, common on subway
Aimai - vague trains
Ainu - indigenous people of northern Japan & Hokkaido. Chinmoku - silence
Akari - Japanese paper lamps and lanterns -Cho - suffix used for an area in a city
Akiba - abbreviation for "Akihabara," -Chome - suffix used for an area in a city smaller than -cho.
Ama-zake - sweet sake Chochin - colourful paper lanterns found in temples, shops and
Anime - Japanese cartoons outdoor market stalls
Awamori - strong alcohol from Okinawa Chozuya - water fountain at Shinto shrines for ritual
purification of hands & mouth
B Cosplay - cosplay (costume play) means dressing as Japanese
anime or manga characters.
Baka - stupid
Banzai - a type of traditional cheer which means "10,000 years" D
Bakuto - a gang of gamblers
Batto-kannon - statue and protector of horses Daikon - giant white oriental radish
Benten - folk goddess Dango - Japanese dessert
Bento - a boxed meal of rice, pickles and a small portion of fish, Dashi - usually used as stock for ramen and miso
poached egg, sausage, beans. Usually sold in shops and train stations.
Commonly used as school packages for children. E
Bigaku - a sense of beauty.
Biru Bochi - rooftop cemeteries Edo - the former name for Tokyo until the capital moved from
Biwa - four-stringed, traditional lute. Kyoto in 1868
Bonenkai - a workplace party usually involving lots of drinks and Ekiben - lunch box bought at train stations
celebration Ema - an ema is a wooden wishing plaque purchased from
Bonkei & Bonseki - 3D scenery in miniature created on a tray using Shinto shrines
gravel, sand and moss Engimono - lucky charms
Bonsai - miniature potted plants Ero-kawaii - erotic kawaii
Buke - (or bukke) is a simple and practical style of architecture
associated with the samurai
Bushi - warrior class
Bushido - the way of the warrior, samurai spirit
Butsudan - Buddhist altar kept in Japanese homes
Byobu - traditional Japanese folding screens
F I

-Fu - urban prefecture Ikebana - the art of arranging cut flowers

Fude - calligraphy brush Ijime - bullying
Fufu - husband and wife Ikigai - the search for self- fulfilment
Fuhai - corruption Ikki - drinking a drink in one go
Fukushin - trusted friends Izakaya - Japanese gastro pub
Furin - wind chime
Furo - bath J
Fusuma - sliding paper doors
Fugu - pufferfish Jika-tabi - split-toe rubber boots
Fujisan - Mount Fuji Jinja - shrine
Fusuma - sliding paper and wood screen Jisatsu - suicide
Futon - traditional mattress JR - Japan Railways

G K

Gaijin - foreigner Kabuki - traditional Japanese theatre

Geisha - young woman who dedicated her life to being trained Kaiseki ryori - Japanese cuisine made up of multiple small
in traditional Japanese social arts dishes. Can be enjoyed at most ryokans.
Genkan - the entrance area to a Japanese home where people Kaitenzushi - Japanese sushi train restaurants
must remove their shoes Kaki - persimmon
Geta - wooden sandals Kami - Shinto 'gods' or spirits that may reside in animals, rocks,
Giri - social duties trees
Go - board game Kanji - the Chinese pictograms used in Japanese writing
Kannon - Buddhist goddess of mercy
H Kansai - western Japan including Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe
Kanto - eastern Japan including Tokyo and the surrounding
Hanami - flower viewing area
Hashi - chopsticks Karaoke - empty orchestra
Hibakusha - survivors of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima Katakana - Japanese syllabary of angular characters
and Nagasaki Kawaii - cute, loveable, adorable
Hihokan - a Japanese sex museum Kimono - traditional Japanese clothing
Hikari - express shinkansen train Kokki - national flag
Hiragana - Japanese syllabary of rounded characters
Hoji - Buddhist memorial service
Kombu - kelp O
Kyoshitsu - a private room, at a restaurant or izakaya
Kyudo - Japanese archery Obi - an embroidered sash for a kimono
Kyusu - Japanese ceramic teapots Ojigi - bowing
Okonomiyaki - a Japanese savoury pancake that contains
L cabbage, meat and egg
Omikuji - fortune-telling paper strips
Love hotel - a short stay hotel for intimate relations Oni - demon
Onsen - Japanese hot springs
M O-seibo - gifts given in December for favours or services
rendered
Machiya - traditional townhouse
Maiko - the term for a trainee geisha P
Mama-san - female bar or club owner
Maneki Neko - ceramic cats thought to bring good fortune Pachinko - a parlour with game machines and loud music
Manga - Japanese comic books
Manji - swastika symbol R
Matcha - powdered green tea.
Matsuri - a traditional Japanese festival Ramen - Japanese noodle soup
Meido kissa - maid cafe Robatayaki - rustic-style izakaya
Meishi - business cards Ryokan - traditional Japanese inn
Mikoshi - portable shrine
Mirin - sake used in cooking S
Miso - Japanese soup
Mochi - Japanese dessert Sado - tea ceremony
Mono no aware - the Japanese believe in the awareness of the Sake - Japanese rice wine
transience of all things, which in turn are meant to heighten the Sakura - cherry blossom
appreciation of their beauty Salaryman - the Japanese term for a male office worker
Samurai - Japan class of feudal warriors
N -San - polite suffix, meaning Mr or Mrs
Seku-hara - sexual harassment
Noh - a masked form of classical Japanese theatre Senbazuru - 1000 origami cranes to make wishes come true
Noren - short curtain found in front of restaurants Sensei - teacher, master
Seza - kneeling position
Shinnenkai - start of the year workplace party Y
Shitagi dorobo - underwear thief who steals women panties
from washing lines Yaki-imo - baked yam
Shochu - Shochu is a distilled, clear alcoholic beverage Yakitori - charcoal-grilled chicken on skewers
Shodo - calligraphy Yakuza - the Japanese mafia
Shogi - chess-like game Yukata - cotton gown, used usually as a pyjama in a hotel or
Shogun - military ruler ryokan
Shoji - paper-covered screens
Shuji - calligraphy Z
Shukubo - temple lodgings
Shunga - erotic wood-block prints Zen - usually connected to the art of meditating
Soapland - bathhouses offering sexual services Zentai - full body Cosplay suits
Soba - Japanese buckwheat noodles Zoen - Japanese garden landscaping
Sumo - traditional Japanese wrestling
Sushi - Japanese food made of rice and fresh fish.

Tabi - split-toe socks

Tanuki - racoon-like animal often represented in ceramics
Tatami - woven straw mats
Teishoku - a set meal served in restaurants
Tenugui - bath towel in onsen
Torii - shrine gate

Uchikake - white wedding kimono

Udon - thick Japanese buckwheat noodles
Ume - plum

Wakame - a type of seaweed

Wasabi - green horseradish
Washi - Japanese rice paper