This document discusses anti-viral drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, clinical use, toxicity, and side effects. Anti-viral drugs are classified as either non-retroviral or anti-retroviral. Non-retroviral drugs include agents that target herpes viruses, influenza viruses, and hepatitis viruses. Anti-retroviral drugs inhibit HIV and include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors. These drugs work by interfering with viral replication and preventing or reducing viral infection. However, they can also cause toxicity and side effects that limit their clinical use.
This document discusses anti-viral drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, clinical use, toxicity, and side effects. Anti-viral drugs are classified as either non-retroviral or anti-retroviral. Non-retroviral drugs include agents that target herpes viruses, influenza viruses, and hepatitis viruses. Anti-retroviral drugs inhibit HIV and include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors. These drugs work by interfering with viral replication and preventing or reducing viral infection. However, they can also cause toxicity and side effects that limit their clinical use.
This document discusses anti-viral drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, clinical use, toxicity, and side effects. Anti-viral drugs are classified as either non-retroviral or anti-retroviral. Non-retroviral drugs include agents that target herpes viruses, influenza viruses, and hepatitis viruses. Anti-retroviral drugs inhibit HIV and include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors. These drugs work by interfering with viral replication and preventing or reducing viral infection. However, they can also cause toxicity and side effects that limit their clinical use.
This document discusses anti-viral drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, clinical use, toxicity, and side effects. Anti-viral drugs are classified as either non-retroviral or anti-retroviral. Non-retroviral drugs include agents that target herpes viruses, influenza viruses, and hepatitis viruses. Anti-retroviral drugs inhibit HIV and include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors. These drugs work by interfering with viral replication and preventing or reducing viral infection. However, they can also cause toxicity and side effects that limit their clinical use.
What is anti-viral? Definition: Viral: the smallest of all the microbes only alive and able to multiply inside the cells of other living things made up of a core of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protective coat called a capsid which is made up of protein uses the host cell’s machinery to replicate its own genetic material
CƠ chế virus stages during viral infection : sldie 16 •Attachment •Penetration and uncoating reverse transcription of viral RNA into DNA Integration of the viral DNA into the host cell genome Synthesis and assembly of nucleocapsids Virion release Anitiviral: Antivirals complement vaccines in combating virus infection. They may have a role in prophylaxis (in addition to vaccines) to prevent infection as well as therapeutically to treat disease. Antivirals are usually selective inhibitors of virus-specific processes which interfere with virus replication and either prevent or reduce infection. They include a spectrum of agents, from small molecules (e.g. amantadine), to peptides, to antibodies (e.g. palivizumab). https://isirv.org/site/index.php/antiviral-overview Strategies for Antiviral Drug Development • inhibition of virus adsorption • inhibition of virus-cell fusion • inhibition of the HIV integrase (HIV) • inhibition of viral DNA or RNA synthesis – inhibitors of viral DNA polymerase – inhibitors of the reverse transcriptase – acyclic nucleoside phosphonates • viral protease inhibition • viral neuraminidase inhibition (influenza) • inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase • inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors •must be hydrophobic •bind to an allosteric binding site that is adjacent to the substrate (nucleoside) binding site. •binding locks the adjacent substrate binding site into an inactive conformation. •improved specificity for reverse transcriptase over DNA polymerases resulting in less toxicity •unfortunately, rapid resistance is developed Inhibitors of viral DNA or RNA synthesis DNA viruses: First step is replication of viral DNA. Inhibitors of the latter are nucleoside analogues. These are sufficiently similar to the “normal” nucleosides, so that they can serve as substrates for the viral DNA polymerases. Since the sugar lacks the 3’ hydroxyl group they act as chain terminators: he drugs are prodrugs, that can only be converted into the phosphorylated forms by the viral thymidine kinase and hence do not interfere with DNA synthesis in non-infected cells:
https://vnras.com/thuoc-khang-virus/ http://library.um.edu.mo/ebooks/b28113421.pdf https://www.virology.ws/wp-content/uploads/ 2012/03/020_W3310_16.pdf http://tmedweb.tulane.edu/pharmwiki/lib/exe/fetch.php/mondalanti- viral_drugs_f09.pdf https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2015/np/c4np00085d Non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors • Bind directly to a site on the viral reverse transcriptase that is near to but distinct from the binding site of the NRTIs. • Neither compete with nucleoside triphosphates nor require phosphorylation to be active. • The binding to the enzyme’s active site results in blockade of RNA‐ and DNA‐dependent DNA polymerase activities. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/non-nucleoside- reverse-transcriptase-inhibitors NRTI https://www.drugs.com/drug-class/nrtis.html
Side effect https://www.nhsborders.scot.nhs.uk/media/209209/Antiviral- medication-June-2014.pdf https://www.slideshare.net/saminathankayarohanam/7antiviral- drugs-51480845 https://gmch.gov.in/e-study/e%20lectures/pharmacology/ANTI %20VIRAL%20DRUGS.pdf
