Mini Project

On

TOPIC

Telecom Industry

Master of Business Administration

Submitted by

Sumit Singh Chauhan

Roll No. 2100470700059

Under the Supervision of

Ms. Sumegha Bhaita

Assistant Professor

Dr. Virendra Swarup Institute of Computer Studies

AFFILIATED TO

A P J ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Through this acknowledgement I express my sincere gratitude towards all

thosepeople who helped me in this project, which has been a learning
experience.

This space wouldn’t be enough to extend my warm gratitude towards my

project guide , Ms. Sumegha Bhaita, Assistant Professor, for her efforts
in coordinating with my work and guiding in right direction.

It would be injustice to proceed without acknowledging those vital supports I

received from my able faculty members of the department, beloved
classmates andfriends, without whom I would have been half done. I also use
this space to offer my sincere love to my parents and all others who had been
there, helping me walk through this work.

Sumit Singh Chauhan

 PREFACE

A professional course in (Master of Business Administration) is incomplete

unless the theoretical knowledge acquired in the classroom is backed up by
practical exposure, as theories alone do not giveperfection to any discipline.
The gap between theory and practice is bridged by gaining knowledge of the
issues & challenge of the industry, which has been an integral part of the
syllabus.

This present Project report is an image of what I have done and observed
during my research in Telecom Industry.”

This report is the result of the work done during the research period. I have tried
my level best to be as systematic as possible and to avoid any sort of biases.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

 Introduction 4-5

 Evolution 6-9

 Importance 10 - 11

 Intoduction To Technology Advancement 12 – 14

 Emerging Technologies In Telecom Industry 15 - 22

 Effect Of Telecom Industry After Adaptation 23 - 26

 Companies In Telecom Industry 27 - 30

 Graphical Representation Of Telecom Industry 31 - 34

 SWOT Analysis 35 - 37

 Conclusion 38 - 40
 Introduction Of the Industry
About The Industry

India is the second largest telecom market in the world and is amongst the fastest growing

markets. The country offers robust growth fundamentals, increasing urbanization, rising

income levels and favorable demographics. The majority of new customers are likely to

come from the rural areas with inadequate basic infrastructure and limited or no

connectivity, demanding lower tariffs for voice calls and value-added services like

information about market and commodity prices, weather updates, health updates coupled

with vernacular support at the user interfaces. The urban consumer demands high speed

internet connectivity, audio video streaming, navigation and location maps, music

downloads, gaming, m-commerce, IPTV and mobile TV. Innovations like shared

infrastructure, new low-cost technology and energy saving devices and critical for roll-out

in rural areas.

M-Commerce will emerge as the future growth engine as the industry shifts from voice to

data services. The convenience of the mobile phone as an instrument for conduct of

financial transactions and its potential in the process of financial inclusion and growth’s

been well recognized. There is a large untapped potential for these services in the Indian

market.
The telecommunications industry is made up of cable companies, internet service providers,

satellite companies, and telephone companies. Telecommunications is defined as

communicating over a distance. The industry’s origin can be traced to postal courier

services.

Postal courier services were used primarily to communicate with the armed forces. Over

time, new communication methods, such as the telegraph and the telephone, came into

being. Soon, important operating companies such as Bell Telephone Company and

American Telegraph and Telephone Company (AT&T) were formed.

Currently, India is the world’s second largest telecommunications market with a subscriber

base of 1.16 billion and has registered strong growth in the last decade. The Indian mobile

economy is growing rapidly and will contribute substantially to India’s Gross Domestic

Product (GDP) according to a report prepared by GSM Association (GSMA) in

collaboration with Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In 2019, India surpassed the US to

become the second largest market in terms of number of app downloads.

The liberal and reformist policies of the Government of India have been instrumental along

with strong consumer demand in the rapid growth in the Indian telecom sector. The

Government has enabled easy market access to telecom equipment and a fair and proactive

regulatory framework, that has ensured availability to telecom services to consumer at

affordable prices. The deregulation of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) norms have made

the sector one of the fastest growing and the top five employment opportunity generator in

the country.
 EVOLUTION

The Evolution of Telecom Industry in India can be categorized into 3 parts:

Stage1 –Till 1990– State - owned Era

Stage2 –Till 2000 – Advent of Private Players

Stage3 –Phase1 – From 2000 to 2010 – Golden Era

Phase 2 – From 2010 & Beyond – Re-definition Age

Stage 1 – Till 1990 – State-owned Era

In the first stage, the telecom sector was owned and run by the government. The telephone

services began in India with a manual telephone exchange in 1882 in Kolkata.

The telecom industry evolved only after the Department of Telecommunication (DoT) was

separated from the Indian post and telecommunication department in 1985. DoT was

responsible for telecom services of the entire country till 1986. Subsequently, MTNL and

VSNL were carved out of the Department of Telecommunication (DoT) for separation of

its policy functions and telecom operations in metro cities like Mumbai and Delhi and

International long-distance operations.

This gives rise to the 2nd part of the telecom industry in India in which the government

allows private players to enter the Telecom Industry.

Stage 2 – Till 2000 – Advent of Private Players

In 1994, the government introduced the National Telecom Policy (NTP) for private players.

This policy clearly laid down the role of private operators. Cellular services were first

launched in 1995 in Kolkata.

Another milestone during this Era was the formation of TRAI in 1997. TRAI was formed

to regulate the fair environment between operators and subscribers.

In 2000, the third organization called TDSAT was formed to settle the disputes between

operators, between operators and government, and between operators and subscribers.

During this period telecom subscriptions were growing rapidly, Operators brought in new

innovations like prepaid, this reduces the mobile fees and allows cell phones affordable to

common men.

After march 2000, the government became more liberal and started issuing more licenses

and reduced license fees. This starts the 3rd stage of the telecom industry.

Stage 3 – Phase 1 – From 2000 to 2010 – Golden Era

The third stage of the telecom sector can be categorized into 2 parts. The first part from

2000 to 2010 telecommunication grew phenomenally is called the Golden Era. The second

part from 2010 and beyond is called the Re-definition Age.

In the golden Era, in 2005, 2G gave rise to mobile users. The number of mobile connections

rapidly crosses the number of fixed-line connections.

Indian telecom market is one of the fastest growing and most competitive markets in the

world. In the same year, the government increased the foreign Direct Investment (FDI) limit

in the telecom sector from 49% to 74%.

Stage 3 – Phase 2 – From 2010 & Beyond – Re-definition Age

The most significant contributors of the Re-definition age are the introduction of 3G in

2008 and 4G in 2012. The introduction of 3G and 4G networks gives advent to the Smart

Phones. This brought in mobile advertising, mobile commerce, video calling, streaming,

full movie download, live TV, and multi-player gaming to everyone’s handset.

After 2G, 3G and 4G, the 5G is now all set to launch in India.
 IMPORTANCE

#1. It Satisfies Our Basic Needs

Information technology and the ability to connect and communicate is

a fundamental part of how our society operates. In today’s digital ecosystem,

telecommunication has become the foundation for businesses, governments, communities,

and families to seamlessly connect and share information.

Thanks to telecom advancements, things like searching the internet, placing phone calls,

emailing, and text messaging has become integrated into our personal and professional

lives on a near-ubiquitous level.

#2. It’s Vital for Security

From a security perspective, telecommunication is one of the most crucial infrastructures

for protection. From natural disaster initiatives to military needs, there’s a wide spectrum

of institutions that depend on telecom to provide safety.

#3. It Empowers Participation

Communities in remote regions were once unable to access vital resources. Now, because

of telecommunications, these locations can procure goods and services via ships or

aircraft and systematize development initiatives. This type of accessibility allows for the

growth and development of our entire society.

#4. It’s an Economic Booster

According to Statista, the telecom sector is responsible for an estimated global spend of

$520 billion annually. The frontrunner, unsurprisingly, is the U.S., boasting one of the

largest telecom markets in the world.

Firstly, it encompasses the following subsectors:

 Cable distribution

 Telephony, including Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

 Satellite telecommunications

 Wholesale Telecommunications resellers

Each of these sectors employs over 727,000 people and provide average hourly earnings

of around $37, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

#5. Encourages Education

Thanks to technological advances, people have access to learning opportunities outside of

traditional schooling. Today, you simply need a computer, smartphone, and the internet to

conduct a search, read a tutorial, or watch a how-to video on virtually any subject matter.

Some of the largest institutions are now leveraging telecommunications to deliver long-

distance or remote education. This is extremely cost-effective for students, allowing them

to conserve money that would otherwise be spent on housing and travel.

INTRODUCTION TO TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT

ISDN switch-off

ISDN or Integrated Services Digital Network is a circuit-switched telephone network

system that transmits both data and voice over a digital line. We can also see it as a set of

communication standards to transmit data, voice, and signalling. But its “life” is coming

to an end in several countries, like the UK. The same is to say that all businesses have to

put these traditional systems behind and embrace the future of telecoms technology. The

upgrades must be done as soon as possible so that businesses are not left without their

voice services by reacting too slowly. From now on, any new buildings or upgrades are

starting to be developed around super-fast fibre FTTP instead of the FTTC (Fibber to the

Cabinet) technology that we have seen previously. This enormous upgrade can be really

leveraged.

Bring Your Own Device

The idea is that each person uses their own devices to work, being able to communicate

and access the company’s systems through cloud technology. Among the advantages of

BYOD are employee satisfaction and reduced costs. However, the company is required to

guarantee an appropriate deployment strategy, a solid network infrastructure (with high

availability and high performance) and a strong cybersecurity plan. This represents a huge

opportunity for new telecom projects.

5G

The market for telecom services has also witnessed significant improvements in data

speeds, from the old Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) and Code

Division Multiple Access (CDMA) to Third Generation (3G), Fourth Generation (4G),

and (pretty soon, we hope), into the commercialization of Fifth Generation (5G)

networks.

Both customers and companies will for sure benefit from the mass-introduction of 5G. All

the specialists are unanimous on saying that mobile voice services will be greatly

enhanced with these technologies. Could we ever imagine that the advent of data

connectivity made possible the reduction in the duration of transferring large data size

files from days to hours and now, from hours to just a few seconds? Don’t miss the world

of possibilities that it will bring!

Internet of Things

And, if we talk about a really disruptive technology, then we have to mention Internet of

Things (IoT). The big impact is still to come, but IoT is leading the way into an

exponential growth in connected devices. Smartphones talking to refrigerators or AC

devices, printers or washing machines. But it is important to know this reality is

generating billions of new data sources that will most certainly push the data to be

handled by networks to zettabytes per year. Carrying with it some potential incredible

business.
Artificial Intelligence

Smartphones with artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities will be the next big thing in the

telecom market. Enabling smartphones to perform highly sophisticated functions –

augmented reality or speech recognition.

 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN TELECOM INDUSTRY

Telecom Operators have faced their fair share of structural challenges, especially in view

of the past two years of global crisis. However, there has also been a remarkable growth

in areas like mobile connectivity, consumption of digital services, and digital

transformation of businesses, with this growth wave still nowhere near saturation point.

In light of this, telecom CIO’s sector-wide are considering new ways to improve their

digital engagement and to keep their operations running smoothly. Therefore, the big

question becomes: What steps can telecom companies take to thrive in 2022?

The advancement of technology has been a double-edged sword for telecoms bringing

forth its own set of benefits and challenges for companies. While the new and innovative

platforms have afforded a much larger subscriber base or geographical reach to telecoms,

the security risks, heavy loads, and the need for 24/7 support availability has also been a

cross to bear for them.

On top of this, the telecom sector is evolving at such a rapid pace that it is crucial for

companies to catch the wave of opportunity, or else risk being swept by it. From the

dramatic shift to cloud platforms and microservices architecture to the adoption of 5G

technologies, CIOs are making heavy investments in automation and digitization of

business processes.

This makes it pivotal for OPCC’s to find the right technologies that fits their needs, and

not only enables them to take advantage of the tech wave but also do it cost-efficiently.

So without further ado, the five most predominant market trends and emerging

technologies that have taken the telecom industry by storm include:

1. 5G Technology

Wireless connectivity, which is a key catalyst for growth, is enabled by the deployment of

5G technology which is an essential building block for the interaction and connection of

billions of devices of almost any kind. Therefore, despite the continuous growth and

dominance of 4G in the markets, many have taken a leap and upgraded to 5G, which is

now rapidly gaining pace. The motivation for the investment of resources in 5G is driven

by the desire to be the industry leader and to be ahead of the curve.

In the post 5G era, where digital giants are spending tens of billions of dollars on content

creation, many telecoms are not equipped with the right technology platforms to deal with

this major digital shift. This makes it critical for them to double down on what they know

best; renewing focus on better infrastructure by harnessing the power of 5G for the use of

digital solutions and platforms.

In a nutshell, 5G technology will also change the role of telecom operators from

technology distributors to service providers.

5G is expected to have a strong presence in the European, Asian, and North American

markets. To support this generational shift and further drive consumer engagement,

operators are expected to invest around $1.1 trillion worldwide between 2020 and 2025 in

mobile CAPEX, roughly 80% of which will be in 5G networks. By 2025, 5G will account

for 20% of global connections, with take-up particularly strong across developed Asia,

North America, and Europe. (GSMA, 2020)

2. Internet of Things (IoT)

IoT growth is a major long-term opportunity for telecom operators. Through this, you

have the scope to leverage current experience and knowledge about customer engagement

to improve retention rates.

The usage and value of IoT for telecom operators is more than just providing better

connectivity to consumers. Instead of focusing solely on expanding network connectivity,

telecoms can also reposition themselves as IoT access providers. They can further equip

their supply chain partners with the right tools and knowledge to promote this

technology.

It also presents an opportunity for telecoms to not only turn unstructured data into

actionable insights but also offer a range of diversified products and services which
extend beyond their existing offerings. From location information to data usage patterns,

telecoms can extract valuable information from the data running through their system

with IoT technology.

The growth for telecom operators will come from a combination of the consumer and

enterprise market, where the major contributor will be the enterprise. Connectivity is one

part of the revenue opportunity but it also opens up opportunities for completely new

service offerings.

In stagnant telecom industries where products and services are primarily commoditized,

IoT solutions enable telecom operators to expand their horizons with new and innovative

offerings. They provide greater connectivity within the distribution chain which leads to

greater cohesion and synergy between platform players like service providers and

resellers.

With the help of IoT technology, telecom operators will also be able to monitor and

control their data centres and base stations remotely. This not only enables them to build

trust with the other network players but is also highly relevant in the time of
unprecedented coronavirus pandemic. Through this, companies can also improve their

customer experience by minimizing their downtime.

3. Cloud platforms

According to a 2020 Annual Industry survey by Telecoms.com Intelligence state, 42% of

the companies have made cloud a priority as a critical investment area.

Cloud based platforms and cloud clouding acts as an enabler for technological

transformation for telecom operators.

We can safely say that cloud computing has catalysed change and driven innovation in the

telecom industry. By providing new platforms for creating and delivering business values,

cloud allows companies to explore unique revenue growth opportunities. This has shifted

the competitive landscape for telecoms, making it pivotal for them to follow suit.

Keeping in mind the global pandemic that has taken the telecom industry by storm these

past two years, cloud computing is one of the few technologies that can not only facilitate

companies to recover from the crisis but help them thrive in spite of it.

It establishes high and flexible scalability for telecoms by giving them the ability to scale

up when the demand is at an all-time high and allow them to scale back down when the

chart falls to optimize costs. Since automation and adaptability are the building blocks for

cloud and it is based on a well-architecture approach, it also allows for the timely self-

healing of a system.

By leveraging cloud computing, telecom operators can achieve faster time to market and

minimize costs as they only pay for the services that they actually use. Aside from the

automation of processes and operations, cloud computing serves as the foundation for

generating new revenue streams and market growth opportunities through tech solutions

like data analytics and 5G.

4. Artificial Intelligence

In the era of advanced digitization and fast technological development, the use of

Artificial Intelligence and Big Data is becoming increasingly popular in the telecom

industry. From developing automatic, self-optimizing networks to predicting anomalies

and proactively fixing problems before they snowball into bigger issues, Artificial

Intelligence solutions are the gateway for achieving strategic growth objectives for

telecoms.

A competent analytics platform can facilitate telecom companies in deriving value from

sophisticated algorithms and machine learning by predicting the future from historical

data.
Companies can get to the root causes of their problems and not only fix prevailing issues

but also take preventive measures to avoid future roadblocks. In the long term, it can

allow telecoms to deal effectively with their emerging and unique business needs,

successfully create new customer experiences, and also underpin their major strategic

goals.

5. Smart Capex

Network investment decisions are among the most difficult for operators to address.

According to GSMA, network operators are expected to spend 1.1 trillion dollars in

CapEx infrastructure between 2020 and 2025, making CapEx optimization at the top of

the agenda for telecom executives.

By using a high-caliber solution that eases this decision-making. Telecom operators can

select their optimal network investment candidates that maximise the impact of the entire

plan while matching the operator’s commercial, financial and technical constraints.

What’s even better is that the CapEx efficiency gained can then be translated into overall

budget savings or reallocated to other projects.

Telecoms can further use the insights offered by the solution to make informed, timely,

and data-driven granular investment decisions to achieve higher ROI.

 EFFECTS OF TELECOM INDUSTRY AFTER ADAPTION

#1. Advanced Communication

Telecom services provide the platform necessary for data to be exchanged electronically –

whether that be through wireless or wired means.

Documents, analytics, reports, emails, you name it, can be shared with your colleagues in

the cubicle next to you, to a client on the other side of the country, or one of your offices

abroad.

Now with tablets and smartphones, businesses can leverage mobile communication to

streamline workflow and productivity. Employees can use their devices to access certain

applications, respond to emails, work on presentations, and participate in teleconference

conversations.

#2. Improved Collaboration

In today’s business world, many organizations employ cross-functional teams to tackle

new products, corporate initiatives, marketing campaigns, etc.

To ensure projects are progressing as forecasted, these teams likely connect regularly to

discuss the status of the deliverables, share ideas, and address any unforeseen hurdles that

may arise.

With telecom services, these teams are equipped with the technology necessary to

collaborate from any location – allowing for optimal productivity, enhanced connectivity,

and increased teamwork.

#3. Enhanced Flexibility

The number of people who work from home has increased a whopping 115% since 2005

according to Global Workplace Analytics. With that in mind, if your B2B business has

remote employees or your staff tends to travel frequently for meetings, telecom services

are an effective means for staying connected and in-the-know.

#4. Better Customer Service

Being able to access the internet at all hours of the day is a crucial facet of delivering

high-quality customer service.

How your business communicates with customers (and potential customers) will reinforce

brand loyalty, help your team build better relationships with prospects and clients, and

increase retention. However, unless you have a dependable connection, pulling this off

just isn’t possible.

Telecommunication has completely transformed how people communicate and navigate

their personal and professional lives. With an ever-present need for humans to connect

and communicate, this industry is slated to continue its upward growth.

1. New ways to connect with clients or customers

Telecommunication systems open up a new world of communications with clients or

customers. For example, companies may consider investing in phones for sales

representatives or support personnel to encourage direct contact with clients. This helps

create relationships which foster long-term prosperity for both parties.

2. Increased collaboration between colleagues

Collaboration is a powerful tool which companies may leverage to produce more creative

and innovative products—but employees need the tools to do so. Telecommunications

providers can install technology such as video conferencing to make it easier for teams

and departments to work together for the good of all.

3. Better internal communication

Good internal communication makes it easier for information to flow through the

workplace. Rather than sending an email—worse—having to walk to someone’s physical

office, a working internal phone system allows employees to communicate with one

another quickly and directly.

4. Greater flexibility in the workplace

Making communication easier all around induces flexibility by giving employees more

options regarding how, where, and when they work. Planning becomes easier because it’s

now possible to keep everyone on the same page via direct communication rather than

trying to catch people at the opportune moment.

5. Reduce misunderstandings and inefficiencies

There’s a lot happening in the dynamic environment which represents most modern

offices. More than one project will exist, and it can be difficult to keep track of everything

that’s occurring. Likewise, communication forms such as email have the potential to be

misunderstood, causing projects to derail. In contrast, a solid telecommunications

infrastructure gives employees what they need to directly acquire clarification or

information needed to proceed.

 COMPANIES IN TELECOM INDUSTRIES

 In 1975, the Department of Telecom (DoT) was given separate authority for running

the telephone services in the country.

 The Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL)initiated its services in the year

1985 for carrying out the telephone operations in the metros of India, viz. Delhi

and Mumbai.

 In October 2000, the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) was set up by the

Department of Telecom.

 Thereafter several private companies as Reliance Communications, Tata Indicom,

Airtel etc. in the sector came up.

Telecom Sector Policies

 A Communication Convergence Bill was introduced in the Parliament in 2001.

 Unrestricted entry is allowed in National Long Distance Service (NLD)

 Cellular operators have the permission of providing all types of service, as voice

and non voice messages, data services etc.

 The New Telecom Policy revised in 1999 encourages participation of private

companies in services as Global Mobile Personal Communication by Satellite

(GMPCS) Service, digital Public Mobile Trunked Service (PMRTS) and Voice

Mail/ Audiotex/ Unified Messaging Services.

 To fulfill Universal Service Obligation (USO) funding and administration, several

measures are being taken.

 To initiate Community Phone Service, an announcement has been made.

 Guidelines regarding the Multiple Fixed Service Providers (FSPs) have been

announced.
BSNL

The Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, country’s largest cellular service operator was set up

in the year 2000. It is a state owned telecom company with its headquarters located in

New Delhi. BSNL is also the largest land line telephone establishment in India. As of

April, 2011 87.1 million users have been reported to be BSNL users.

MTNL

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) was set up in the year 1985, to run

telecom operations in the major metro cities of India, Mumbai and Delhi. Its headquarters

are based in Mumbai. MTNL was the first company in India to initiate 3G services in

India, having the brand name of “MTNL 3G Jadoo Services” which provided options as

Video call, Mobile TV, Mobile Broadband etc to the customers.

Airtel

Also known as Bharti Airtel Limited was started in July 1995, with its head office based

in New Delhi. Airtel runs its operations in as many as 19 countries across the world and is

also ranked fifth as telecom service provider globally. As of April 2011, figures show that

Airtel has over 164.61 million users which make it the biggest mobile service operator in

India. Its service includes both 2G and 3G facilities.

Reliance Communications

Also known as RCOM was set up in 2004, with its head office in Navi Mumbai. Reliance

Communications as of now has more than 128 million users all across the world.

Aircel

Aircel was founded in 1999, with its head office in New Delhi. It is a joint enterprise

between Maxis Communications and the Apollo Hospitals.

Vodafone Essar

Vodafone Essar was founded in 1994 with its head office at Mumbai. Vodafone provides

services to 23 telecom circles across India.

Tata Indicom

The Tata Teleservices was founded in 1996, with its headquarters in Navi Mumbai.

Idea Cellular

Idea Cellular was started in 1995, with its head office in Mumbai. It also provides 3G

services to its subscribers.

Virgin Mobile

Virgin Mobile started its services in India in 2008, March. It is a U.K. based company.

Uninor

This Company is a joint venture between Telenor Group and Unitech Group and was

started in 2009.
 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF TELECOM
INDUSTRY

India is the world’s second-largest telecommunications market. The total subscriber base,

wireless subscriptions as well as wired broadband subscriptions have grown consistently.

Tele-density stood at 85.91%, as of December 2021, total broadband subscriptions grew

to 792.1 million until December 2021 and total subscriber base stood at 1.18 billion in

December 2021.

Gross revenue of the telecom sector stood at Rs. 64,801 crore (US$ 8.74 billion) in the

first quarter of FY22.

The total wireless data usage in India grew 16.54% quarterly to reach 32,397 PB in the

first quarter of FY22. The contribution of 3G and 4G data usage to the total volume of

wireless data usage was 1.78% and 97.74%, respectively, in the third quarter of FY21.

Share of 2G data usage stood at 0.48% in the same quarter.

Over the next five years, rise in mobile-phone penetration and decline in data costs will

add 500 million new internet users in India, creating opportunities for new businesses.

By 2025, India will need ~22 million skilled workers in 5G-centric technologies such as

Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics and cloud computing.
 In January 2022, Google made a US$ 1 billion investment in Airtel through the

India Digitization Fund.

 In October 2021, Vodafone Idea stated that it is in advanced talks to sell a

minority stake to global private equity investors including Apollo Global

Management and Carlyle to raise up to Rs. 7,540 crore (US$ 1 billion) over the

next 2-3 months.

 In October 2021, British satellite operator Inmarsat Holdings Ltd. announced that

it is the first foreign operator to get India’s approval to sell high-speed broadband

to planes and shipping vessels. Inmarsat will access the market via Bharat Sanchar

Nigam Ltd. (BSNL) after BSNL received a license from the Department of

Telecommunications.
 In October 2021, Dixon Technologies announced plans to invest Rs. 200 crore

(US$ 26.69 million) under the telecom PLI scheme; this investment will include

the acquisition cost of Bharti Group’s manufacturing unit.

 In September 2021, Bharti Airtel announced an investment of Rs. 50 billion (US$

673 million) in expanding its data centre business to meet the customer demand in

and around India.

 In August 2021, Tata Group company Nelco announced that the company is in

talks with Canadian firm Tele sat to sign a commercial pact for launching fast

satellite broadband services in India under the latter’s Lightspeed brand, a move

which will pit the combined entity against Bharti Enterprises-backed One Web,

Elon Musk’s SpaceX and Amazon.

 In March 2021, Vodafone Idea Ltd. (VIL) announced that the acquired spectrum

in five circles would help improve 4G coverage and bandwidth, allowing it to

offer ‘superior digital experience’ to customers.

 In March 2021, Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) and

Telecommunications Standards Development Society, India (TSDSI) signed a

deal to boost adoption of ATSC standards in India in order to make broadcast

services available on mobile devices. This allows the TSDSI to follow ATSC

standards, fostering global digital broadcasting standard harmonisation.

 In the first quarter of FY21, customer spending on telecom services increased

16.6% y-o-y, with over three-fourths spent on data services. This spike in

consumer spending came despite of the COVID-19 disruption and lack of access

of offline recharges for a few weeks

 India had over 500 million active internet users (accessed Internet in the last one

month) as of May 2020.

 Department of Telecommunication launched ‘Tarang Sanchar’ - a web portal

sharing information on mobile towers and EMF Emission Compliances.

 Payments on unified payments interface (UPI) hit an all-time high of 3.65 billion

(by volume), with transactions worth ~Rs. 6.54 trillion (US$ 87.11 billion) in

September 2021.

 Over 75% increase in internet coverage from 251 million users to 446 million.
 SWOT Analysis

 A SWOT analysis of a telecommunication company appraises the

company's health by looking at its resource strengths and weaknesses

concerning the quality of how it sends and receives data and information

globally over fiber-optic cables, networks, antennas and other

communications equipment. The analysis also identifies external

opportunities and threats that may help or hurt the company in the future.

Strengths

1. Cutting-edge fiber-optics technology, high-performing cable equipment, a

respected brand name, excellent customer service and a strong sales team are

just a few strengths that boost the resource capabilities of a telecommunication

company. These strengths are attributes that enhance the company's competitive

advantage.
Weaknesses

1. Corroded cable lines, slow service and lackluster sales are three weaknesses that

can hurt a telecommunications company. Company weaknesses are competitive

deficiencies that place the company at a disadvantage in the marketplace. If

corroded cable lines aren't replaced and slow service continues, for example,

angry customers will switch to a rival telecommunications company that offers

better services.

Opportunities

1. New technologies, increasing consumer interest and a decrease in competition

are just a few external opportunities that can really help a telecommunications

company in the long run. Opportunities are beneficial, outside events that a

company can use to boost its existing strengths. A telecommunication company

keen on rapidly adopting new technologies, for example, would highly benefit

from immediately investing in new fiber optics the moment they're introduced in

the marketplace, especially if they speed up service.

Threats

1. A sluggish economy, increasing competition and increased government

regulations against the telecommunications industry are just a few external

threats that can limit a telecommunications company's future success. Threats

are outside events or influences that create future hurdles for a company. New

rivals that offer customers fast service and cutting-edge technology, for example,
may lure an older telecommunications company's existing customers away,

especially if the older company can't offer the same new features.
 CONCLUSION

Indian telecom industry underwent a high pace of market liberalisation and growth since

the 1990s and now has become the world's most competitive and one of the fastest

growing telecom markets. The industry has grown over twenty times in just ten years,

from under 37 million subscribers in the year 2001 to over 846 million subscribers in the

year 2011. India has the world's second-largest mobile phone user base with over 1157.04

million users as of July 2018.

Telecommunication has supported the socioeconomic development of India and has

played a significant role to narrow down the rural-urban digital divide to some extent. It

also has helped to increase the transparency of governance with the introduction of e-

governance in India. The government has pragmatically used modern telecommunication

facilities to deliver mass education programmes for the rural folk of India.

The progress of telecommunication:

The main divisions of the Indian telecommunications industry are the telephone,

internet, and television broadcasting industry in the country, which is in the process of

transforming into the next-generation network.

Mobile switching centres, media gateways and core signaling gateways, unified by

a wide range of microwave or fiber optics radio relay networks. The connection

network linking the user to the heart is highly diverse with different copper-pair, optic-

fiber, and wireless technologies.

DTH, a relatively advanced broadcasting technology in television segment, has gained

significant popularity. Private FM's introduction has given India's radio broadcast a

fillip.

The country's INSAT system, one of the biggest domestic satellite network in the world,

has greatly supported telecommunications in India.