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e) By judicial order, but only if material.
SECTION 29. Duty of confidentiality by former lawyers of a law firm. — A lawyer shall continue to be
bound by the rule on confidentiality pertaining to clients of his or her previous law office or law firm.
SECTION 30. Duty of confidentiality of members of a law firm. — A lawyer may disclose the legal matters
entrusted by a client of the firm to the partners and associates, as well as paralegals, legal assistants, law
clerks, legal researchers, law interns, and other non-legal staff, who are or will be involved in the
handling of the client’s account, unless expressly prohibited by the client.
A lawyer directly entrusted with a client’s confidences shall adopt necessary measures to prevent other
members of the law firm, both legal and non-legal, to whom the client’s confidences have been shared,
from disclosing or using them, without the written informed consent of the client.
SECTION 31. Prohibition against filial disclosure. — A lawyer shall not discuss a client’s confidences even
with family members.
SECTION 32. Non-disclosure of legal consultation. — A lawyer shall not reveal that he or she has been
consulted about a particular case except to avoid possible conflict of interest.
SECTION 33. Foreign lawyers. — Foreign lawyers cannot, directly or indirectly, practice law in the
Philippines.
SECTION 34. Active participation in the development of the legal profession. — A lawyer shall participate
in the development of the legal system by initiating or supporting efforts in law reform, the improvement
of the administration of justice, strengthening the judicial and legal system, and advocacies in areas of
special concern such as the environment, indigenous peoples’ rights, human rights, access to justice and
good governance.
SECTION 35. Limited Legal Services. — Limited Legal Services refer to services for a specific legal incident,
with the expectation by the lawyer and the client that the lawyer will not provide continuing legal
services in the matter. This includes being appointed as counsel de officio only for arraignment purposes
or special appearances to make any court submission, to give advice, to draft legal documents, to
provide legal assistance before courts or administrative bodies, and the like.
In all instances, the lawyer shall state that the service being rendered is in the nature of Limited Legal
Services.
A lawyer who renders Limited Legal Services shall be entitled to compensation as may be agreed upon or
provided by the Rules of Court.
SECTION 36. Pro bono Limited Legal Services. — A lawyer appointed by the court as counsel de
officio shall not refuse to render Limited Legal Services pro bono on the ground of conflict of interest.
Instead, the lawyer shall disclose to all affected parties such conflict of interest.
In any case, the lawyer may not refuse to render such pro bono legal services to the person concerned if
only to the extent necessary to safeguard the latter’s fundamental rights and not to deprive such person
of remedies available under the law or rules.
A lawyer currently serving in the government shall not be exempt from pro bono service and may be
appointed by any court, tribunal, or other government agency as counsel de officio, unless prohibited by
law, or the applicable Civil Service rules and regulations, or when there is a conflict of interest with
government.
SECTION 37. Duty of confidentiality in Limited Legal Services. — A lawyer who provides Limited Legal
Services must protect the client’s private confidences to the same extent as if engaged under regular
terms.
SECTION 38. Termination of Limited Legal Services. — Unless governed by Canon III, Section 36, a lawyer
must cease to provide Limited Legal Services to a client when the lawyer becomes aware that there may
be an actual or potential conflict of interest, except with the written informed consent of the client.
In all cases, the Limited Legal Services terminates upon the completion of such services.
SECTION 39. Limited Legal Services of law student practitioners. — The Limited Legal Services rendered
by a law student practitioner under the Clinical Legal Education Program shall be governed by the CPRA.
SECTION 40. Accountability of legal clinic director and supervising lawyer. — A law student clinic director
and supervising lawyer, under Rule 138-A of the Rules of Court shall provide meaningful training to law
students. They shall assume responsibility for any work performed by the law student while under their
supervision and shall comply with all the laws, rules, and guidelines pertaining to Law Student Practice.
SECTION 41. Fair and reasonable fees. — A lawyer shall charge only fair and reasonable fees.
Attorney’s fees shall be deemed fair and reasonable if determined based on the following factors:
(a) The time spent and the extent of the service rendered or required;
(b) The novelty and difficulty of the issues

involved;
(c) The skill or expertise of the lawyer, including the level of study and experience required for the
engagement;
(d) The probability of losing other engagements as a result of acceptance of the case;
(e) The customary charges for similar services and the recommended schedule of fees, which the IBP
chapter shall provide;
(f) The quantitative or qualitative value of the client’s interest in the engagement, or the benefits
resulting to the client from the service;
(g) The contingency or certainty of compensation;
(h) The character of the engagement, whether limited, seasonal, or otherwise; and
(i) Other analogous factors.
SECTION 42. Division of fees upon referral. — A lawyer shall, in case of referral of legal services in favor
of another lawyer with the written informed consent of the client, be entitled to a division of fees in
proportion to the work performed and responsibility assumed.
Where a lawyer undertakes to complete unfinished legal business of a deceased lawyer, a division or
sharing of fees is allowed with the deceased lawyer’s legal heirs or estate.
SECTION 43. Non-Sharing of fees with non- lawyers. — A lawyer shall not share, split, or divide or
stipulate to divide, directly or indirectly, a fee for legal services with persons or organizations not
licensed or authorized to practice law.
SECTION 44. Payment of compensation by third party. — A lawyer shall not receive any fee, reward,
costs, commission, interest, rebate or forwarding allowance or other compensation from anyone other
than the client, except upon the written informed consent of such client. (20.03a)
Receipt of compensation from someone other

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e) By judicial order, but only if material.

(b) The novelty and difficulty of the issues

(g) The contingency or certainty of compensation;

(i) Other analogous factors.

Receipt of compensation from someone other

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