Cambridge IGCSE™

* 0 5 4 7 3 9 0 9 2 9 *

CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/31

Paper 3 Theory (Core) May/June 2022

2 hours

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 120.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 28 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (LK/CGW) 303336/2
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1 (a) An athlete monitors her pulse rate during different types of activity.

Fig. 1.1 shows the results.

160

140

120

100
pulse rate
/ beats per 80
minute
60

40

20

0
cycling football sitting sleeping running walking
activity

Fig. 1.1

Use Fig. 1.1 to complete these sentences.

The activity with the highest pulse rate is ................................................ .

Two activities have the same pulse rate. They are

................................................ and ................................................ .

The athlete’s pulse rate was 54 beats per minute when the activity

is ................................................ .
[3]

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(b) Fig. 1.2 is a diagram of the heart.

Fig. 1.2

(i) Draw an X on Fig. 1.2 to identify the position of one ventricle. [1]

(ii) State the function of the part labelled Y in Fig. 1.2.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Identify the part labelled Z in Fig. 1.2.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Name the type of tissue the wall of the heart is made from.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) State the function of the heart.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Name one of the main blood vessels to or from the:

lungs .........................................................................................................................................

kidney. .......................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 10]

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2 (a) Petroleum is a fossil fuel.

Name two other fossil fuels.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Complete the sentences using words or phrases from the list.

Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once or not at all.

bitumen chromatography filtration fractional distillation

gases hydrocarbons naphtha refinery gas solids

Petroleum is a mixture of .............................................................. .

The fractions in petroleum are separated using .............................................................. .

The fraction used as a feedstock for making chemicals is the

.............................................................. fraction. [3]

(c) Octane, C8H18, is a hydrocarbon fuel.

(i) State the number of different elements in one molecule of octane.

..................................... [1]

(ii) State the total number of atoms in one molecule of octane.

..................................... [1]

(iii) When fuels burn, the reaction produces a temperature increase.

State the name given to all reactions that produce a temperature increase.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) State the chemical test for carbon dioxide and the observation for a positive result.

test ....................................................................................................................................

observation ........................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 10]

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3 A student uses her laptop computer.

(a) The laptop screen acts as a plane mirror.

Fig. 3.1 shows a ray of light reflected by the laptop screen.

Y
laptop
screen

ray of light

Fig. 3.1

(i) Name the line labelled XY.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Label the angle of incidence with the letter i. [1]

(iii) The angle of incidence is 40°.

State the angle of reflection.

........................................................ ° [1]

(b) The laptop contains two speakers each with a resistance of 8 Ω.

(i) The current in one speaker is 3 A.

Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across this speaker.

p.d. = ...................................................... V [2]

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(ii) The two speakers are connected in parallel.

The combined resistance of the two speakers is one of the following values.

4Ω 8Ω 16 Ω 64 Ω

State the correct value of the combined resistance.

Explain your answer.

resistance = ....................................... Ω

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) Fig. 3.2 shows circuit symbols for four electrical components found in the laptop.

Identify the four electrical components.

symbol component

................................................

................................................

................................................

................................................

Fig. 3.2

[2]

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(c) Fig. 3.3 shows the laptop being closed.

12 N 24
cm

pivot

Fig. 3.3

Calculate the moment of the force about the pivot in Nm.

moment = ................................................... Nm [3]

[Total: 12]

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4 (a) The inheritance of smooth or wrinkled skin in pea plants is controlled by a single gene.

• The allele for smooth skin is R.

• The allele for wrinkled skin is r.

Fig. 4.1 is a photograph of two peas.

• Pea A has wrinkled skin.

• Pea B has smooth skin.

pea A pea B

Fig. 4.1

(i) Table 4.1 shows the genotypes and genotype descriptions of the peas shown in Fig. 4.1.

Complete Table 4.1.

Table 4.1

pea genotype description of genotype

A homozygous recessive
B Rr
[2]

(ii) A scientist crossed two pea plants and observed the results.

Complete the genetic diagram in Fig. 4.2 to identify the parental gametes.

parental gametes

.................................. ..................................

RR Rr
parental ..................................
gametes
Rr rr
..................................

Fig. 4.2
[2]
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(iii) State the ratio of smooth peas to wrinkled peas from Fig. 4.2.

smooth .................................... : wrinkled .................................... [1]

(b) Fertilisation in plants occurs when the nuclei of the male and female gametes fuse.

Name these two gametes.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) State the name of the female gamete in humans.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Table 4.2 contains one term and two definitions linked to inheritance.

Complete Table 4.2.

Table 4.2

term definition
A thread-like structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in the
........................................... form of genes.

...........................................................................................................
gene
...........................................................................................................

A version of a gene.
...........................................
[4]

[Total: 12]

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5 (a) Aluminium is a metal.

Two physical properties of metals are that they are good thermal conductors and good
electrical conductors.

State two other physical properties of metals.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Duralumin is an alloy of 95% aluminium and 5% copper.

(i) Calculate the mass of aluminium used in 1000 kg of duralumin.

mass = ..................................................... kg [1]

(ii) State why aluminium alloys are used in aircraft parts.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Aluminium is extracted from its ore by electrolysis.

(i) State the name of the ore of aluminium used.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Define electrolysis.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Aluminium cannot be extracted from its ore by heating with carbon.

Name one metal which can be extracted from its ore by heating with carbon.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(d) Aluminium ores must be conserved.

(i) State why aluminium ores must be conserved.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest how aluminium ores may be conserved.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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6 Many types of radiation are used in hospitals.

(a) Fig. 6.1 shows an infrared thermometer used to measure body temperature.

36.6

Fig. 6.1

(i) Place infrared radiation in the correct place in the incomplete electromagnetic spectrum
shown in Fig. 6.2.

increasing frequency

X-rays ultraviolet radio waves

Fig. 6.2
[1]

(ii) Electromagnetic radiation is used in hospitals.

On Fig. 6.3, draw one straight line from each radiation to its correct medical use.

One line has been drawn for you.

radiation use

γ-radiation treating cancer

infrared radiation diagnosing broken bones

X-rays measuring body temperatures

Fig. 6.3
[1]

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(b) Ionising radiation from radioactive sources is used in hospitals.

(i) Place α-radiation, β-radiation and γ-radiation in order of their relative ionising effect.

greatest ionising effect ..........................................................

..........................................................

least ionising effect ..........................................................

[1]

(ii) State one harmful effect of ionising radiation on the human body.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The isotope iodine-131 is used in hospitals.

(i) State the meaning of the term isotope.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days.

A sample of iodine-131 is left for 16 days.

The mass of iodine-131 remaining is 0.05 g.

Calculate the mass of iodine-131 in the sample at the start.

mass = ...................................................... g [2]

(d) In the hospital, the audible frequency range of a patient’s hearing is measured.

The result is a range from 100 Hz to 15 000 Hz.

State how this compares to the average range of audible frequencies for a healthy human
ear.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]
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(e) A power station supplies electricity to the hospital. The power station uses petroleum as a
fuel.

Complete Fig. 6.4 to show the energy transformations that occur in the power station.

.....................
potential thermal ..................... electrical
energy energy energy energy

Fig. 6.4
[2]

[Total: 11]

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7 Fig. 7.1 is a diagram of the male reproductive system.

Fig. 7.1

(a) The boxes on the left show the letters of some of the parts in Fig. 7.1.

The boxes on the right show the functions of these parts.

Draw lines to link each letter to its correct function.

part in Fig. 7.1 function

production of male gametes

A
secretes fluid for sperm to swim in
B
transfers sperm to urethra
C
transfers urine and semen

[3]

(b) Sperm need a high rate of respiration for movement.

State the word equation for aerobic respiration.

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(c) Sperm is an example of a type of animal cell.

The list shows some components of cells.

Circle two components that you would expect to find in a sperm cell.

cell membrane cell wall chloroplast

cytoplasm vacuole
[1]

(d) State the name of the cell that is formed when gametes fuse.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Name the part of the cell that contains the genetic material.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

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8 (a) Table 8.1 shows the names of eight gases.

Table 8.1

name of gas

ammonia

carbon monoxide

chlorine

helium

hydrogen

methane

nitrogen

oxygen

(i) One of the gases in Table 8.1 has molecules with the formula Cl2.

State the name of this gas.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the name of the gas from Table 8.1 that is a product of the incomplete combustion
of carbon-containing substances.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the name of the gas from Table 8.1 that is 78% of clean air.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) State the name of the gas from Table 8.1 that is a greenhouse gas.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) State the name of the gas from Table 8.1 that is a noble gas.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) Fig. 8.1 shows apparatus a student uses to investigate the rate of reaction between
calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid.

gas

measuring cylinder

dilute hydrochloric acid

bowl
calcium carbonate water

Fig. 8.1

The student adds a single piece of calcium carbonate to the dilute hydrochloric acid.

(i) State the name of the gas collected in the measuring cylinder.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Predict how the pH of the water changes as the gas bubbles through it.

Explain your answer.

pH change .........................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) The student repeats the experiment using the same mass of calcium carbonate and the
same volume of dilute hydrochloric acid.

Suggest two changes the student can make to their experiment to increase the rate of
reaction.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 10]

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9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a wind surfer on a surfboard, driven by the wind, sailing at a constant speed
across the water.

Four forces J, K, L and M acting on the surfboard are shown.

direction of travel

direction of wind J

M K
water
L

Fig. 9.1

(i) Explain why force K and force M must be equal and opposite.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Identify force L.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Work is done by the wind to move the surfboard across the water.

State the two quantities needed to calculate the work done by the wind.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(b) Fig. 9.2 represents a water wave.

Fig. 9.2

(i) On Fig. 9.2, label the amplitude of the wave with a double headed arrow (↔ or ↕). [1]

(ii) The waves have a frequency of 0.1 Hz.

Explain what is meant by a frequency of 0.1 Hz.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Water molecules in the sea are able to form water vapour above the sea.

During this process, the more energetic molecules escape from the surface of the sea.

(i) Suggest the effect this will have on the energy of the water molecules remaining in the
sea water.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest the effect this will have on the temperature of the sea water.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Some sea water has a volume of 5.0 m3 and a mass of 5120 kg.

Calculate the density of the sea water.

density = .............................................. kg / m3 [2]

[Total: 10]

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10 (a) Water is lost from leaves by transpiration. This causes a loss in mass.

A student records the mass of leaves from a plant.

He places the leaves under a heat lamp.

He records the mass of the leaves every 24 hours for 5 days.

The results are shown in Table 10.1.

Table 10.1

day mass of leaves / g

1 115
2 100
3 85
4 65
5 58

(i) Calculate the total decrease in mass between day 1 and day 5.

....................................................... g [1]

(ii) The investigation is repeated at a lower temperature.

The statements show some predictions.

Tick (3) one box to show the correct prediction.

The decrease in mass will be less than in the first investigation.

The decrease in mass will be more than in the first investigation.
The mass will increase not decrease.
The decrease in mass will be the same as in the first investigation.
[1]

(b) State the process by which water is lost from the surfaces of the mesophyll cells during
transpiration.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) State the name of the part of the leaf where water exits the plant.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(d) A plant obtains water from the soil.

Describe how water enters the plant and is transported to the mesophyll cells in the leaves.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(e) One use of water in a plant is for photosynthesis.

(i) State one other use of water in a plant.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State two other requirements of photosynthesis.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 10]

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11 (a) Fig. 11.1 shows part of Group I of the Periodic Table.

3
Li
lithium
7
11
Na
sodium
23
19
K
potassium
39
37
Rb
rubidium
85

Fig. 11.1

(i) State the electronic structure of a potassium atom.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe how the electronic structure of potassium is related to its group number.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) The proton number of a potassium atom is 19.

The nucleon number of this potassium atom is 39.

State the numbers of electrons and neutrons in this potassium atom.

electrons ......................................

neutrons ......................................
[2]

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(iv) Complete Table 11.1 to show the charges and approximate relative masses of an electron
and a neutron.

Table 11.1

particle charge relative mass

proton +1 1

electron
................................. .................................

neutron
................................. .................................
[2]

(b) Potassium, K, is an element. Potassium hydroxide, KOH, is a compound.

Explain the difference between an element and a compound.

element .....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

compound .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Balance the symbol equation for the reaction between potassium and water.

.......K + .......H2O .......KOH + H2

[2]

[Total: 10]

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12 (a) Fig. 12.1 shows a large snow tractor used in Antarctica.

large tracks

Fig. 12.1

The snow tractor has large continuous tracks.

These tracks allow the snow tractor to move across the snow without sinking.

Explain why a tractor with normal wheels would sink into the snow.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) When gasoline (petrol) burns in the engine of the snow tractor, carbon dioxide gas and water
vapour are produced.

State which of the diagrams, X, Y or Z in Fig. 12.2, shows the arrangement of gaseous
carbon dioxide molecules.

Give a reason for your answer.

X Y Z

Fig. 12.2

diagram ...........................

reason .......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[1]

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(c) (i) The snow tractor accelerates.

State the form of energy gained as the tractor accelerates.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The snow tractor moves up a hill at constant speed.

State the form of energy gained as the tractor moves up the hill.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Fig. 12.3 shows a distance-time graph for the snow tractor moving at constant speed.

distance / m 4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
time / s

Fig. 12.3

Calculate this constant speed.

speed = .................................................. m / s [2]

[Total: 7]
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© UCLES 2022 0654/31/M/J/22

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2022
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
28

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0654/31/M/J/22
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).