Atx FLC

1990 Ford Escort GT
AUTO TRANS OVERHAUL - FORD ATX/FLC AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS Ford ATX/FLC
AUTO TRANS OVERHAUL - FORD ATX/FLC
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS Ford ATX/FLC
APPLICATION
ATX/FLC APPLICATION
Models Engine
Escort
1981-85 1.6L EFI
1982-85 EXP 1.6L EFI
1985-90 1.9L EFI
1986-88 EXP 1.9L EFI
1988-90 1.9L HO EFI
LN7 (1982-83) 1.6L EFI
Lynx
1981-85 1.6L EFI
1985-87 1.9L EFI
Sable (1986) 2.5L EFI
Tempo & Topaz (1984-92) 2.3L EFI
Taurus (1986-91) 2.5L EFI
IDENTIFICATION
NOTE: Manufacturer's nomenclature changed in 1992 to FLC from ATX but

transmission is the same.
Transaxle can be identified by the letter "B" on lower line of Vehicle Certification Label under "TR". The label
is attached to left side door lock panel. Gear ratio is determined by the letter code under "AX" of Vehicle
Certification Label.
Transaxle can also be identified by a metal tag attached to side of bellhousing. See Fig. 1 . First line on tag
shows build date code and model number. Bottom line on tag shows serial and assembly part number prefix and
suffix. Always refer to this tag when ordering parts.
jueves, 26 de enero de 2023 12:09:33

12:09:28 a. m. Page 1 © 2011 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 1: Transmission Identification Tag

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
DESCRIPTION
The ATX combines a 3-speed automatic transmission and differential into a single unit designed for front wheel
drive vehicles. Transmission and differential are housed in a light-alloy housing. The transmission uses 3
friction clutches, one band, and a single one-way clutch.
LUBRICATION & ADJUSTMENTS

See appropriate AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION SERVICING article in TRANSMISSION SERVICING.
For 1981-85 Escort 1.6L EFI, see TRANSMISSION SERVICING - A/T

For 1982-85 Escort EXP 1.6L EFI, see TRANSMISSION SERVICING - A/T
For 1988-90 Escort 1.9L HO EFI, see TRANSMISSION SERVICING - A/T
For 1982-83 LN7 1.6L EFI, see TRANSMISSION SERVICING - A/T
For 1981-85 Lynx 1.6L EFI, see TRANSMISSION SERVICING - A/T
For 1986 Sable 2.5L EFI, see TRANSMISSION SERVICING - A/T
jueves, 26 de enero de 2023 12:09:28 a. m. Page 2 © 2011 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC.
1990 Ford Escort GT
For 1984-92 Tempo & Topaz 2.3L EFI, see TRANSMISSION SERVICING - A/T
For 1986-91 Taurus 2.5L EFI, see TRANSMISSION SERVICING - A/T
ON-VEHICLE SERVICE
DRIVE AXLE SHAFTS
See appropriate AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT article in DRIVE AXLES.
For 1981-85 Escort 1.6L EFI, see AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT

For 1982-85 Escort EXP 1.6L EFI, see AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT
For 1985-90 Escort 1.9L EFI, see AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT
For 1986-88 Escort EXP 1.9L EFI, see AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT
For 1988-90 Escort 1.9L HO EFI, see AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT
For 1982-83 LN7 1.6L EFI, see AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT
For 1981-85 Lynx 1.6L EFI, see AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT
For 1985-87 Lynx 1.9L EFI, see AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT
For 1986 Sable 2.5L EFI, see AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT
For 1984-92 Tempo & Topaz 2.3L EFI, see AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT
For 1986-91 Taurus 2.5L EFI, see AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT
VALVE BODY
Removal
Remove battery and battery tray. Remove ignition coil, transaxle dipstick and air cleaner assembly. Disconnect
supply hoses and vacuum lines from air management valve (if equipped). Remove air management valve from
valve body cover. Remove valve body cover and gasket. Remove valve body and gasket from transaxle case.
For valve body repairs, see VALVE BODY ASSEMBLY under COMPONENT DISASSEMBLY &
REASSEMBLY.
Installation
1. Install 2 Alignment Pins (T80L-77100-A) into opposing valve body attaching bolt holes. Install valve
body-to-case gasket. Install valve body assembly into case, removing one alignment pin to allow
attachment of manual valve to "Z" link. Reinstall alignment pin.
NOTE: Ensure roller, located on end of throttle valve plunger has engaged cam,
which is located on end of throttle lever shaft.
2. Connect the throttle valve control spring. Remove the alignment pins. Install the valve body attaching
bolts, detent spring, main oil pressure regulator baffle plate and the transaxle control baffle plate. Tighten
the valve body attaching bolts, in sequence, to specification. See the TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS .
Also, see Fig. 19 .
1990 Ford Escort GT
3. Install new valve body cover gasket on case. Install cover attaching bolts. To complete installation,
reverse removal procedure. Check transaxle fluid level and add fluid if necessary.
GOVERNOR
Removal
Remove air cleaner. Using a long screwdriver, remove governor retaining clip. Remove governor cover and pull
out governor. For governor repairs, see GOVERNOR OVERHAUL under COMPONENT DISASSEMBLY
& REASSEMBLY.
Installation
To install governor, reverse removal procedure. Slide governor in carefully, allowing gear teeth to mesh. DO
NOT force in. Install a new "O" ring seal on governor cover. Check transaxle fluid level and add fluid if
necessary.
LOW-INTERMEDIATE SERVO
Removal
1. Disconnect fan motor and water temperature sending unit wiring. Disconnect FM capacitor wiring (if
equipped). Remove fan and shroud assembly.
2. Remove filler tube bolt and rotate filler tube to clear servo cover. Remove lower left mount-to-case
attaching bolt from left front mount. Using Servo Compressor (T81P-70027-A), compress servo cover
and remove retaining snap ring. Remove cover and servo assembly.
Installation
To install servo, reverse removal procedure. Refill transaxle with fluid.
OIL COOLER FLUSHING
Contaminates MUST be removed from oil cooler before transmission is put back into service. Replace cooler
supply tubes if leaking. Thoroughly flush oil cooler and lines if a major service or transaxle removal has
occurred. It is recommended that a mechanically agitated cleaner, such as Rotunda (014-00028) or equivalent
be used.
TORQUE CONVERTER FLUSHING
Whenever transmission has been disassembled to replace worn or damaged parts or because valve body sticks
due to foreign material, converter must be cleaned using a mechanically agitated cleaner, such as Rotunda (014-
00028). Under no conditions should converter be cleaned by hand agitation using solvent. After converter is
removed from cleaner, thoroughly drain solvent through hub. Add approximately 2 qts. (1.9L) clean ATF to
converter. Agitate fluid by hand. Thoroughly flush ATF from converter.
TROUBLE SHOOTING
1990 Ford Escort GT
PRELIMINARY INSPECTION
Always check fluid level and manual linkage adjustment before trouble shooting. See appropriate
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION SERVICING article in TRANSMISSION SERVICING.

SYMPTOMS
No Forward Or Reverse
Sticking or loose valve body. Internal leakage. Worn clutches or band. Broken oil pump drive shaft. Broken
axle or CV joint.
Harsh Engagement
Idle speed too high. Loose axle shafts or engine mounts. Sticking valve body. Incorrect control pressure.
No Forward Drive, Reverse Okay
Incorrect one-way clutch or band application. Damaged or worn band or servo. Valve body loose.
No Reverse Drive Or Chatters In Reverse, Forward Okay
Valve body loose or dirty. Damaged or worn reverse clutch. Damaged or worn torque converter adapter sleeve.
Slips In 1st Gear In "D"
Damaged or worn band.
Slips In 2nd Gear
Dirty or sticking valve body. Internal oil leaks. Defective intermediate clutch.
Starts Off In 2nd Or 3rd
1990 Ford Escort GT
Governor valve stuck open. Valve body loose or dirty. Cross leaks between valve body and case.
Shifts Points Incorrect
Damaged or worn governor. Dirty or sticking valve body. Incorrect control pressure.
No Upshift In "D" At Any Speed
Damaged or worn governor. Dirty or sticking valve body. Incorrect control pressure.
No Forced Downshifts
Damaged internal throttle valve lever. Dirty or sticking governor. Low control pressure. Dirty or sticking valve
body.
Engine Flare Up On Downshift
Dirty or sticking valve body. Defective band or servo.
No Engine Braking In Low Or Second
Defective band or clutch assembly. Dirty or sticking valve body. Incorrect control pressure.
Mushy Or Rough 1-2 Shift
Incorrect intermediate clutch application. Dirty or sticky valve body.
Rough 2-3 Shift, 1-2 Shift Okay
Incorrect engine performance. Incorrect band release or direct clutch application. Worn servo release and direct
clutch piston check ball. Dirty or sticky valve body.
Slow Initial Engagement
Incorrect clutch and band application, or control pressure. Dirty valve body.
Shifts 1-3 In "D"
Intermediate friction clutch faulty. Sticking or dirty valve body. Incorrect clutch and band application or control
pressure.
Noise Present During All Drive Ranges
Damaged speedometer driven gear. Check CV joints, half-shafts and engine mounts for looseness.
NOTE: These problems may be the result of an improperly repaired transmission.
No Forward Gears, Reverse Okay
1990 Ford Escort GT
Servo assembly not contacting 1-2 band. Broken 1-2 band. (Late design planetary assembly mismatched with
early ring gear or split pinion planet mismatched with short ring gear.)
Binds In Reverse, Okay In Forward Gear
Wrong valve body gaskets. 2-3 back-out valve and bore plug out of position.
Binds In Reverse, Goes Forward In Neutral
Late design 1-2 band in early design case. Sun gear seized to ring gear because of bad ring gear bushing.
No Reverse, Forward Gears Okay
Reverse clutch piston lip seals rolled over during installation.
No Upshifts
Stripped governor drive and driven gear. Broken torque converter damper in planetary style converters. Sticking
1-2 shift valve. Burnt intermediate clutch. Leaking intermediate clutch Teflon oil control rings (use metal rings
only).
Erratic 2-3 Shift Or 2-3 Shift Flare
Teflon oil control rings (use metal rings only). Remove No. 2 check ball in valve body and enlarge direct clutch
apply hole in separator plate. Use short lip seal on direct clutch piston.
Neutral Condition On 2-3 Shift
No. 2 check ball installed in valve body with only one hole in separator plate. Bottom steel plate rotates and
catches under inside ribs of direct clutch drum blocking the apply piston.
2-3-2-3 Shuttle Shift
Loose governor gears. Worn governor valves.
Sensitive 3-2 Downshifts
Throttle valve linkage misadjusted. Wrong throttle valve cam. Loose governor drive and driven gears.
CAUTION: The following "field fix" is not approved by Ford Motor Co. but has been
found to help cure sensitive 3-2 downshifts.
Remove 3-2 control valve and discard its spring. Install a C-4 check ball in bottom of bore. Install 3-2 control
valve without its spring.
Chatter Or Shudder Coming To Stop
Sticking governor. Sticking shift valves (especially the 2-3 shift valve).
1990 Ford Escort GT
No 2-3 Upshift
Valve body over torqued, causing sticking 2-3 shift valve. Worn governor valves.
CLUTCH & BRAKE BAND APPLICATIONS
CLUTCH & BRAKE BAND APPLICATION CHART

Selector Lever Position Elements In Use
"D" (Drive)
1st Gear Band & One-Way
Clutch
2nd Gear Band & Intermediate
Clutch
3rd Gear Direct Clutch &
Intermediate Clutch
"2" (2nd Gear Low) Band & Intermediate
Clutch
"1" (Low) Band, Direct Clutch &
One-Way Clutch
"R" (Reverse) Direct Clutch, Reverse
Clutch & One-Way Clutch
"N" & "P" (Neutral & Park) One-Way Clutch
TESTING
NOTE: Before testing, always check fluid level and manual linkage adjustment. See
appropriate AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION SERVICING article in TRANSMISSION
SERVICING.

ROAD TEST
1990 Ford Escort GT
This check will determine if governor pressure and shift control valves are functioning properly.
1. Check minimum throttle upshifts in Drive. Transaxle should start in 1st gear, shift to 2nd, and then shift
to 3rd at approximately the speeds shown in ATX SHIFT SPEEDS .
2. With transaxle in 3rd, depress accelerator pedal to floor. Transaxle should shift from 3rd to 2nd or 1st,
depending on vehicle speed. See ATX SHIFT SPEEDS .
3. Check closed throttle downshifts from 3rd to 1st by coasting down from approximately 30 MPH in 3rd
gear. Shift should occur at approximate speed shown in ATX SHIFT SPEEDS .
NOTE: Specifications given below are approximate. All shift speeds may vary
somewhat due to production tolerances, rear axle ratios or emission
control equipment.
4. With transaxle in 3rd and road speed above 30 MPH. transaxle should shift to 2nd gear when selector
lever is moved from 3rd to 1st. Transaxle will shift into 1st when road speed is less than 30 MPH. When
transaxle is shifted from Drive to 2nd, it should shift into 2nd gear regardless of vehicle speed.
NOTE: When "2" is selected, transaxle will operate in 1st and 2nd gears.
ATX SHIFT SPEEDS
NOTE: For transmission model identification, see Fig. 1 .
MODEL PMA-AU (3.26 AXLE RATIO)

Application Shift Speed Range/MPH
Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 11-18
"D" (1) 2-3 17-32
"D" 3-2 16-25
"D" 2-1 8-14
"1" 2-1 20-38
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 14-30
"D" 2-3 30-47
"D" 3-2 21-40
"D" 2-1 16-23
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 22-51
"D" 2-3 62-79
"D" 3-2 57-74
"D" 2-1 22-38
(1) Speed Range/MPH is taken at 10-degree throttle opening.
1990 Ford Escort GT
MODEL PMA-BE (3.26 AXLE RATIO)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 12-19
"D" (1) 2-3 18-33
"D" 3-2 17-26
"D" 2-1 9-15
"1" 2-1 22-40
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 15-31
"D" 2-3 32-49
"D" 3-2 22-41
"D" 2-1 16-23
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 23-52
"D" 2-3 65-82
"D" 3-2 60-77
"D" 2-1 23-39
MODEL PMB-X (3.26 AXLE RATIO)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 11-18
"D" (1) 2-3 17-32
"D" 3-2 16-25
"D" 2-1 8-14
"1" 2-1 21-39
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 14-30
"D" 2-3 31-48
"D" 3-2 21-40
"D" 2-1 16-23
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 22-51
"D" 2-3 62-79
"D" 3-2 57-74
"D" 2-1 22-38
1990 Ford Escort GT
MODEL PMB-W (3.26 AXLE RATIO)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 12-19
"D" (1) 2-3 18-33
"D" 3-2 17-26
"D" 2-1 9-15
"1" 2-1 22-44
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 15-31
"D" 2-3 33-50
"D" 3-2 22-41
"D" 2-1 16-23
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 24-53
"D" 2-3 65-82
"D" 3-2 60-77
"D" 2-1 23-39
MODEL PMA-AV (3.07 AXLE RATIO)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 8-15
"D" (1) 2-3 11-26
"D" 3-2 11-20
"D" 2-1 4-10
"1" 2-1 15-33
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 10-26
"D" 2-3 28-45
"D" 3-2 16-35
"D" 2-1 12-19
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 23-52
"D" 2-3 57-74
"D" 3-2 51-68
"D" 2-1 22-38
1990 Ford Escort GT
MODEL PMA-BL (3.26 AXLE RATIO)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 7-14
"D" (1) 2-3 11-26
"D" 3-2 11-20
"D" 2-1 4-10
"1" 2-1 13-31
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 10-26
"D" 2-3 28-45
"D" 3-2 15-34
"D" 2-1 12-19
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 23-52
"D" 2-3 57-74
"D" 3-2 51-68
"D" 2-1 22-38
MODEL PMA-BK (3.26 AXLE RATIO)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 9-16
"D" (1) 2-3 14-29
"D" 3-2 14-23
"D" 2-1 8-14
"1" 2-1 20-38
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 12-28
"D" 2-3 26-43
"D" 3-2 15-34
"D" 2-1 14-21
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 22-51
"D" 2-3 55-72
"D" 3-2 50-67
"D" 2-1 23-39
1990 Ford Escort GT
MODEL PMA-BD (3.07 AXLE RATIO)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 7-14
"D" (1) 2-3 11-26
"D" 3-2 11-20
"D" 2-1 4-10
"1" 2-1 13-31
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 10-26
"D" 2-3 28-45
"D" 3-2 15-34
"D" 2-1 12-19
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 23-52
"D" 2-3 57-74
"D" 3-2 51-68
"D" 2-1 22-38
MODEL PMA-AW (3.09 AXLE RATIO)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 7-14
"D" (1) 2-3 11-26
"D" 3-2 11-20
"D" 2-1 4-10
"1" 2-1 13-31
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 10-26
"D" 2-3 28-45
"D" 3-2 15-34
"D" 2-1 12-19
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 22-52
"D" 2-3 57-74
"D" 3-2 51-68
"D" 2-1 22-38
1990 Ford Escort GT
MODEL PMA-BM (3.07 AXLE RATIO P185/70R14 TIRES)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 10-17
"D" (1) 2-3 13-18
"D" 3-2 12-21
"D" 2-1 4-10
"1" 2-1 13-31
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 12-28
"D" 2-3 30-47
"D" 3-2 19-38
"D" 2-1 13-20
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 25-54
"D" 2-3 61-78
"D" 3-2 55-72
"D" 2-1 23-39
MODEL PMA-BN (3.09 AXLE RATIO P185/70R14 TIRES)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 10-17
"D" (1) 2-3 13-18
"D" 3-2 12-21
"D" 2-1 4-10
"1" 2-1 13-31
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 12-28
"D" 2-3 30-47
"D" 3-2 19-38
"D" 2-1 13-20
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 25-54
"D" 2-3 61-78
"D" 3-2 51-68
"D" 2-1 23-39
1990 Ford Escort GT
MODEL PMA-BJ (3.07 AXLE RATIO P185/70R14 TIRES)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 10-17
"D" (1) 2-3 13-18
"D" 3-2 12-21
"D" 2-1 4-10
"1" 2-1 15-33
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 12-28
"D" 2-3 30-47
"D" 3-2 19-38
"D" 2-1 13-20
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 25-54
"D" 2-3 61-78
"D" 3-2 55-72
"D" 2-1 23-39
MODEL PMA-BT (3.26 AXLE RATIO P195/70R14 TIRES)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 10-17
"D" (1) 2-3 14-29
"D" 3-2 14-23
"D" 2-1 8-14
"1" 2-1 20-38
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 13-29
"D" 2-3 27-44
"D" 3-2 17-36
"D" 2-1 14-21
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 24-53
"D" 2-3 58-75
"D" 3-2 53-70
"D" 2-1 23-39
1990 Ford Escort GT
MODEL PMA-BX (3.07 AXLE RATIO P185/70R14 TIRES)

Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 10-17
"D" (1) 2-3 13-18
"D" 3-2 12-21
"D" 2-1 4-10
"1" 2-1 15-33
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 12-28
"D" 2-3 30-47
"D" 3-2 19-38
"D" 2-1 13-20
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 25-54
"D" 2-3 61-78
"D" 3-2 51-68
"D" 2-1 23-39
MODELS PMA-CR (3.26 AXLE P185/70R14 TIRES) & PMA-CP AWD (3.26 AXLE)
Closed Throttle
"D" (1) 1-2 10-17
"D" (1) 2-3 13-18
"D" 3-2 12-21
"D" 2-1 4-10
"1" 2-1 15-33
Part Throttle
"D" 1-2 12-28
"D" 2-3 30-47
"D" 3-2 19-38
"D" 2-1 13-20
Wide Open Throttle
"D" 1-2 25-54
"D" 2-3 61-78
"D" 3-2 55-72
"D" 2-1 23-39
1990 Ford Escort GT
GOVERNOR CHECK
Accelerate vehicle at full throttle to 30-40 MPH. Then back off throttle completely. If governor is functioning
properly, transaxle will upshift to 3rd gear.
LINE PRESSURE TEST
NOTE: Manufacturer does not provide complete line pressure specifications for 1991-
92 models. The following procedures and specifications are for 1991 models
only but may be used to provide an approximate value to help diagnose band
application and component operation.
1. Connect a 0-300 psi (0-2069 kPa) pressure gauge to line pressure test port on transaxle case. See Fig. 2 .
Run engine until normal operating temperature is reached.
2. Apply service and parking brakes. Check line pressure in all selector lever positions with engine at idle
and then with engine at wide open throttle. Pressure should be as specified. See the appropriate LINE
PRESSURE SPECIFICATIONS .
Fig. 2: Identifying Line Pressure Test Port

LINE PRESSURE SPECIFICATIONS
1990 Ford Escort GT
1988 LINE PRESSURE SPECIFICATIONS

Application & Shift Range Idle psi WOT Stall psi
PMA
"D", "2", "P" & "N" 49-61 93-109
"R" 50-96 202-254
"1" 63-73 106-146
PMB
"D", "2", "P" & "N" 49-61 93-104
"R" 59-96 205-254
"1" 63-73 106-146
PMA-BJ, BH, RN, BX & BT
"D", "2", "P" & "N" 47-59 98-114
"R" 61-97 196-249
"1" 63-73 106-146
1989-90 LINE PRESSURE SPECIFICATIONS

Application & Shift Range Idle psi (kPa) WOT Stall psi (kPa)
1.9L PMA-CC, PMB-AB
"D", "2", "P" & "N" 45-56 (310- 87-103 (600-710)
386)
"R" 50-96 (344- 202-254 (1392-
662) 1751)
"1" 53-67 (365- 114-135 (786-931)
462)
2.3L PMA-BJ, BH, RN, BX, BT
"D", "2", "P" & "N" 41-54 (282- 94-110 (648-758)
372)
"R" 75-111 (517- 236-288 (1627-
765) 1986)
"1" 57-70 (393- 165-195 (1138-
482) 1345)
2.5L PMA-CE
"D", "2", "P" & "N" 41-54 (282- 94-110 (648-758)
372)
"R" 46-82 (317- 197-249 (1358-
565) 1717)
"1" 57-70 (393- 129-159 (889-
482) 1096)
1991-92 LINE PRESSURE SPECIFICATIONS

psi (kPa) @ WOT
Application & Gear psi (kPa) @ Idle Stall
2.3L PMA-BJ,BM,BN,BX,CR,CP
1990 Ford Escort GT
"D", "2", "P" & "N" 39-53 (269- 94-110 (648-758)

365)
"R" 75-111 (517- 235-298 (1620-
765) 2055)
"1" 57-70 (393- 165-195 (1138-
483) 1345)
2.5L PMA-BT
"D", "2", "P" & "N" 41-54 (282- 94-110 (648-758)
372)
"R" 46-82 (317- 197-249 (1358-
565) 1717)
"1" 57-70 (393- 129-159 (889-
482) 1096)
LINE PRESSURE TEST RESULTS
Low At Idle In All Ranges
Check engine idle. Check for low fluid level, restricted intake screen or filter, loose valve body or regulator-to-
case bolts, loose oil tubes, excessive leakage in oil pump, case, valve body or sticking control pressure regulator
valve.
High At Idle In All Ranges
Check throttle valve or control rod adjustment, and T.V. linkage return spring, or sticking regulator boost valve
(s).
Low In "P" Or "N"
Faulty valve body.
Low In "D"
Faulty servo or valve body.
Low In "2"
Faulty valve body and/or intermediate servo.
Low In "1"
Faulty direct clutch and/or valve body.
Low In "R"
Faulty direct clutch and/or reverse clutch. Faulty valve body.
1990 Ford Escort GT
STALL SPEED TEST
1. Start engine and allow it to reach normal operating temperature. Apply both parking and service brakes.
Stall test is made in all Drive ranges and Reverse at WOT throttle position.
2. Stall speed test checks engine performance, converter operation or installation and holding ability of the
direct clutch, reverse clutch and low-intermediate band brake and gear train one-way clutch. See
appropriate STALL SPEED SPECIFICATIONS .
CAUTION: While performing this test, DO NOT hold throttle open for more than 5
seconds at a time.
3. After test, move gear selector lever to "N" and run engine at 1000 RPM for about 15 seconds to cool
converter before making next test. If engine speed recorded by tachometer exceeds maximum limits given
in specifications, RELEASE ACCELERATOR IMMEDIATELY because clutch or band slippage is
indicated. See STALL SPEED TEST RESULTS .
STALL SPEED SPECIFICATIONS
1986-87 STALL SPEED SPECIFICATIONS

Application Stall RPM
Escort, EXP & Lynx 2949-3460
Taurus & Sable 2949-3460
Tempo & Topaz
2WD 2.3L HSC CFI 1782-2128
4WD 2.3L HSC CFI 2062-2444
Tempo & Topaz 2.3L HSC IV 2062-2444

Escort 1.9L CFI 2996-3460
Tempo & Topaz
2WD 2.3L HSC CFI 2067-2450
4WD 2.3L HSC CFI 2086-2483
Tempo & Topaz 2.3L HSC IV 2067-2450

Taurus 2.5L HSC CFI 2472-2832
Tempo & Topaz
FWD 2.3L Base 2155-2501
AWD 2.3L HSC, EFI 2119-2547
2.3L HSC IV 2062-2444
1990 Ford Escort GT
STALL SPEED TEST RESULTS
High Stall Speeds Or Slip
In "D" or "2" position - Check turbine shaft one-way clutch.

In "D", "2" and "1" position - Check low-intermediate band or servo.
In "R" position - Check reverse clutch.
In all ranges - Check T.V. control adjustment and perform control pressure test.
Low Stall Speeds
Check engine tune. If tune is okay, go to next step.

Bench test torque converter for reactor one-way clutch slippage. See TORQUE CONVERTER
REACTOR ONE-WAY CLUTCH CHECK .
AIR PRESSURE TEST PROCEDURE
1. A "No Drive" condition can exist even with correct transaxle fluid pressure, because of inoperative
clutches or band. Erratic shifts could be caused by a stuck governor valve. Inoperative units can be
located through a series of checks by substituting air pressure for fluid pressure to determine location of
malfunction.
2. To make air pressure checks, loosen valve body cover bolts. Remove cover and valve body assembly.
Install Special Adapter Plate (T82P-7006-B) in place of valve body. Inoperative units can be located by
applying air pressure to transaxle case passages, through adapter plate, leading to clutches, servo and
governor. See Fig. 3 .
NOTE: Air pressure test adapter plate should be installed with a new valve body
gasket. Tighten attaching bolts to 80-97 INCH lbs. (9-11 N.m).
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 3: Identifying Air Pressure Test Apply Ports on Adapter Plate

AIR PRESSURE TESTS
NOTE: See AIR PRESSURE TEST PROCEDURE before performing these tests.
Band Apply Servo
Apply air pressure to servo apply passage. Band should apply. A dull thud should be heard when air pressure is
removed, allowing servo piston to return to release position.
Direct Clutch
Apply air pressure to direct clutch apply passage. A dull thud can be heard or movement of piston can be felt as
piston is applied. If direct Clutch seals are leaking, a hissing noise will be heard.
Intermediate Clutch
Apply air pressure to intermediate clutch apply passage. A dull thud can be heard or movement of piston can be
1990 Ford Escort GT
felt on case as piston is applied. If intermediate clutch seals are leaking, a hissing noise will be heard.
Reverse Clutch
Apply air pressure to reverse clutch apply passage. A dull thud can be heard or movement of piston can be felt
on case as piston is applied. If reverse clutch seals are leaking, a hissing noise will be heard.
Converter In
This passage can only be checked for blockage. If passage holds air pressure, remove adapter plate and check
for an obstruction or damage.
Control Pressure-To-Governor
Remove governor cover. Apply air pressure to control pressure-to-governor apply passage. Watch for
movement of governor valve.
Governor Pressure-To-Valve Body
This passage can only be checked for blockage. If passage holds air pressure, remove adapter plate and check
for an obstruction or damage.
Pump In (Bench Test)
With transaxle removed from vehicle and converter removed, apply air pressure to pump in apply passage.
Rotation of pump gears should be heard when air pressure is applied.
NOTE: PUMP IN check is normally performed during assembly of an overhauled

transaxle.
TORQUE CONVERTER
Torque Converter Leakage Check
With torque converter removed from transaxle, check for leakage using Leak Tester (Rotunda 021-00054).
Torque Converter Stator-To-Impeller Interference Check
Position stator support assembly on bench. Splined end of stator shaft should face upward. Place converter on
support. Splines on one-way clutch inner race should engage with mating splines on stator support. Holding
stator support from rotating, turn converter counterclockwise. If converter does not turn freely, replace
converter.
Torque Converter Stator-To-Turbine Interference Check
Place converter on bench with front side facing down. Install stator support, engaging splines. Install turbine
shaft. Ensure splines engage with turbine hub. While holding stator support, rotate turbine with turbine shaft. If
turbine does not rotate freely in both directions, replace converter. Ensure converter pilot, in crankshaft, is okay.
1990 Ford Escort GT
Torque Converter Reactor One-Way Clutch Check
Position Holding Wire (T81P-7902-A) in thrust washer slot. Install Adapter (T81P-7902-B) in reactor spline.
Rotate adapter counterclockwise, using a torque wrench. If adapter rotates with less than 10 ft. lbs. (14 N.m).
applied, replace converter.
Torque Converter End-Play Check
Position End Play Checking Device (T81P-7902-D) in converter hub. Tighten nut on device. Position a dial
indicator on device. Position dial indicator pointer on converter shell. Lift up on device handles. If dial indicator
reading exceeds .040" (1.02 mm), replace converter.
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION

See appropriate AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION REMOVAL article in TRANSMISSION SERVICING.
TRANSAXLE DISASSEMBLY
1. Mount transaxle in a holding stand. Pull torque converter from case. Remove oil pump drive shaft.
Remove converter turbine sleeve (if equipped). Remove filler tube from case. Remove governor cover
retainer from case. Pry off cover and remove governor from case. Remove oil pan. Remove oil filter and
seal.
2. Remove differential bearing retainer-to-case attaching bolts. Pry retainer from case. Remove differential
bearing spacer shims located under bearing retainer. Remove differential assembly from transaxle case.
3. Remove valve body cover bolts and cover. Disconnect and remove throttle lever return spring. Remove
valve body attaching bolts. Remove main oil pressure regulator baffle plate. Remove transaxle control
baffle plate. Remove detent spring and roller assembly. Disengage "Z" link from manual valve. Remove
valve body assembly.
NOTE: The 7 main oil pressure regulator baffle plate attaching bolts (Nos. 1, 5, 6,
7, 8, 17 and 18 in Fig. 19 ) are longer than the other valve body attaching
bolts.
4. Lift governor screen from bore in case (located under valve body). Pry speedometer driven gear retaining
pin partially out of case. Remove pin using side cutters. Using a hammer handle, tap driven gear from
case.
5. Remove oil pump attaching bolts and washers. Remove pump from case using a slide hammer puller.
Remove selective thrust washer from under pump body, if equipped. Remove and discard pump gasket.
Remove No. 11 thrust bearing (needle) from top of intermediate clutch. Remove clutch assembly from
case. See Fig. 20 and Fig. 21 .
NOTE: For thrust washer application, see Fig. 20 .
6. Remove No. 10 thrust bearing (needle) from direct clutch. Remove direct clutch from case. Remove
intermediate clutch hub and ring gear assembly. Remove No. 7 thrust washer from planetary assembly.
7. Remove large snap ring securing reverse clutch. Remove reverse clutch pack from case. Remove
1990 Ford Escort GT
planetary assembly and No. 5 thrust washer from case. Remove reverse clutch return springs and holder
assembly. Remove reverse clutch piston. Pry reverse clutch drum up to loosen and remove from case.
8. Using Servo Remover/Installer (T81P-70027-A), compress servo and remove retaining snap ring. Slowly
release spring pressure. Remove servo remover/installer and servo assembly. Remove low-intermediate
band.
9. Remove sun gear and drum assembly from case. Remove No. 4 thrust washer from final drive housing.
Remove 5 final drive housing retaining bolts. Using a screwdriver, pry housing from idler gear shaft and
remove from case. DO NOT pry downward against idler gear teeth or damage will result.
NOTE: Discard final drive housing bolts. Replace with new bolts and use Loctite
on threads.
10. Remove No. 3 thrust bearing (needle) from input gear. Remove input gear. Remove input gear caged
needle bearing No. 2 and No. 1 thrust bearing (needle).
11. Position a 12-mm Allen wrench in idler gear shaft and allow wrench to catch on side of case. With
wrench holding idler gear shaft, remove nut from rear of shaft using a 32-mm, 12 point socket. Tap idler
gear shaft with a hammer handle to loosen "O" ring. Remove shaft from case.
12. Remove reactor support from case if damaged or unserviceable. Reactor support is pressed into case.
Remove with Puller (T81P70363-A).
COMPONENT DISASSEMBLY & REASSEMBLY

OIL PUMP
Disassembly
1. Remove No. 12 selective thrust washer and oil seal rings from clutch support. Remove pump-to-case oil
seal ring from outside diameter of clutch support. See Fig. 4 .
2. Remove 5 clutch support-to-pump body attaching bolts. Separate support from pump body. Remove
insert from pump drive gear. Remove driven gear and drive gear from pump body.
Reassembly
To reassemble, reverse disassembly procedure. Ensure ends of angle-cut oil seal rings overlap properly. See
Fig. 4 .
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 4: Exploded View of Oil Pump

INTERMEDIATE CLUTCH
Disassembly
1. Remove intermediate shaft snap ring. Pull shaft from intermediate clutch drum. If damaged, remove snap
ring from intermediate shaft. See Fig. 5 .
2. Remove clutch pack retaining snap ring and withdraw pressure plate, wave spring. and clutch pack.
Remove seal rings from clutch drum hub.
3. Using Clutch Spring Compressor (T81P-70222-A), compress clutch return springs and remove retaining
snap ring. Remove compressor and lift return spring retainer and spring assembly from clutch drum.
4. Remove clutch piston from drum. Remove inner piston seal from clutch drum and outer piston seal from
clutch piston.
Cleaning & Inspection
1. Inspect clutch drum thrust surfaces, piston bore, and clutch plate serrations for scores or burrs. Minor
scores or burrs may be removed with crocus cloth. Replace drum if it is badly scored or damaged.
2. Check fluid passage in clutch drum for obstructions. Clean out all passages. Inspect clutch piston for
1990 Ford Escort GT
scores and replace if necessary. Inspect piston check ball for freedom of movement and proper seating.
3. Inspect clutch return springs for distortion and cracks. Inspect friction plates, steel plates and pressure
plate for worn or scored bearing surfaces. Replace all parts that are deeply scored.
4. Check clutch plates for flatness and fit on clutch drum hub serrations. Replace any plate that does not
slide freely on serrations or that is not flat.
5. Check clutch hub thrust surfaces for scores and clutch hub splines for wear. Inspect shaft bearing surfaces
for scoring. Check shaft splines for wear.
Reassembly
1. Inspect piston check ball and ensure ball is free in cage. Install outer piston seal on piston with lip facing
up and inner piston seal in clutch drum with lip facing down. Apply a light film of petroleum jelly to
piston seals, drum seal area and piston inner seal area.
2. Install clutch piston into drum by pushing down on piston while rotating. Position return spring and
retainer assembly into drum. Compress return springs and install retaining snap ring.
3. Install angle-cut seal rings on clutch drum hub. Ensure seals overlap at the bevel edge. Install wave spring
into drum. Install clutch pack into drum starting with a steel plate. Alternate friction and steel plates until
correct number of plates are installed. See CLUTCH PLATE USAGE . Install pressure plate and clutch
pack retaining snap ring.
4. Use feeler gauge to measure clearance between clutch pack retaining snap ring and pressure plate with
pressure plate held downward. Take 2 readings, 180 degrees apart and average readings. Ensure clearance
is .030-.044" (.76-1.12 mm).
5. If not within specifications, selective snap rings are available in various sizes. See INTERMEDIATE
CLUTCH SNAP RINGS . Install correct size snap ring and recheck clearance.
6. If removed, install stop ring on intermediate shaft. Install shaft into clutch drum. Install intermediate shaft
retaining snap ring.
INTERMEDIATE CLUTCH SNAP RINGS

Part No. (1) Thickness
E1FZ7D483-D .050" (1.27 mm)

E1FZ7D483-E .061" (1.55 mm)
E1FZ7D483-F .072" (1.83 mm)
(1) Snap ring thicknesses have .002" (.05 mm) tolerance.
CLUTCH PLATE USAGE

Application & Clutch Friction Plates Steel Plates
Direct Clutch (1) (2) 3 (2) 3
Intermediate Clutch 3 3
(1) With cushion spring.
(2) Number of plates may vary due to model and application.
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 5: Exploded View of Intermediate Clutch Assembly

DIRECT CLUTCH
Disassembly
1. Remove sun gear/one-way clutch race assembly. Remove No. 8 thrust washer. Remove one-way clutch.
See Fig. 6 .
2. Remove clutch pack retaining snap ring. Remove pressure plate, clutch pack, and wave spring from
clutch drum. Remove No. 9 thrust bearing. Note number of friction plates in clutch pack during
disassembly for reassembly purposes. Using Compressor (T81P-70235-A), compress piston return spring
retainer. Remove retaining snap ring. Remove tool and piston return spring retainer.
3. Remove piston from clutch drum. Remove piston seals from clutch drum and piston.
Inspection
See CLEANING & INSPECTION under INTERMEDIATE CLUTCH .
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 6: Exploded View of Direct Clutch Assembly

Reassembly
1. Inspect clutch drum check ball. Ensure ball is free in cage. Install seal on clutch drum with seal lip facing
down. Install piston seal on piston with seal lip facing up. Apply a light film of petroleum jelly to piston
seals. Install piston into drum using a rotating motion while applying downward pressure.
2. Position return springs, retainer and retaining snap ring in clutch drum. Compress retainer and install snap
ring in groove. Install thrust bearing No. 9 on top of return spring retainer. See Fig. 6 .
3. Install wave spring. Install clutch pack into drum starting with a steel clutch plate and alternating friction
clutch plates and steel plates until correct number of clutch plates have been installed. See CLUTCH
PLATE USAGE table. Install pressure plate and clutch pack snap ring.
4. Install one-way clutch over turbine shaft. Ensure one-way clutch is positioned correctly. See Fig. 7 .
Install No. 8 thrust washer into drum. See Fig. 6 . Ensure that tabs of washer are facing down against
shoulder of one-way clutch inner race. Install clutch pack retaining snap ring.
5. Using feeler gauge or dial indicator, measure clearance between clutch pack retaining snap ring and
pressure plate with pressure plate held down. Take 2 measurements 180 degrees apart. Ensure direct
clutch clearance is .031-.047" (.79-1.20 mm) for 3 friction plates and .040-.056" (1.01-1.43 mm) for 4
friction plates.
NOTE: Use same number of friction plates noted during disassembly.
6. If clearance is not within specifications, selective snap rings are available in various sizes. See DIRECT
CLUTCH SNAP RINGS . Install correct size snap ring and recheck clearance.
7. Install sun gear/one-way clutch outer race assembly over turbine shaft and into clutch drum. Check
operation of one-way clutch. When properly assembled, the one-way clutch allows sun gear/outer race
assembly to rotate in one direction only.
DIRECT CLUTCH SNAP RINGS

E1FZ7D483-A .052" (1.32 mm)

E1FZ7D483-B .064" (1.63 mm)
E1FZ7D483-C .077" (1.96 mm)
(1) Snap ring thicknesses have .002" (.05 mm) tolerance.
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 7: Installing One-Way Clutch

REVERSE CLUTCH
NOTE: Reverse clutch was disassembled under TRANSAXLE DISASSEMBLY and will
be reassembled during TRANSAXLE REASSEMBLY . The following procedure is
for replacing piston seals and inspecting components.
Piston Seal Replacement
Remove seals from clutch cylinder and clutch piston. Install new seal (large) on clutch cylinder with seal lips
facing up. Install new inner seal (small) on piston with seal lip facing down. Install new outer seal on piston.
NOTE: Outer piston seal is square-cut and maybe installed in either direction.
Inspection
1. Inspect clutch piston bore and piston inner and outer bearing surfaces for scores. Check air bleed ball
valve in piston for free movement. Check orifice for obstructions.
2. Check fluid passages for obstructions. All passages must be clean and free of obstructions. Inspect clutch
1990 Ford Escort GT
plates for wear, scoring and fit on clutch hub serrations. Replace all plates that are badly scored, worn, or
DO NOT fit freely in hub serrations.
3. Inspect clutch pressure plate for scores on clutch plate bearing surface. Check clutch return springs for
distortion or collapsed coils.
BAND APPLY SERVO
Disassembly
Remove piston return spring. Separate servo piston from cover. Remove piston rod circlip. Slide piston rod,
cushion spring and spring retaining washer from piston. Remove seals from servo cover and piston. See Fig. 8 .
Fig. 8: Exploded View of Band Apply Servo

Inspection
1. Inspect servo body for cracks and piston bore for scores. Check fluid passages for obstructions. Inspect
band and struts for distortion. Inspect band ends for cracks.
2. Inspect servo spring for distortion. Inspect band lining for excessive wear and bonding to metal band.
Replace damaged seals.
Servo Travel Check
1. Servo travel check needs to be performed only if one of the following components has been replaced:
Transaxle Case
Band Assembly
1990 Ford Escort GT
Drum And Sun Gear Assembly

Servo Piston Rod
Servo Piston
Band Anchor Strut
2. Install Servo Piston Selector (T81P-70023-A) and secure in case using servo cover retaining snap ring.
Tighten gauge screw to 120 INCH lbs. (14 N.m). See Fig. 9 .
3. Mount a dial indicator and position indicator stylus through hole in gauge disc. Ensure stylus contacts
servo piston. Zero dial indicator.
4. Back off gauge screw until piston movement stops and read dial indicator. Amount of piston travel shown
on indicator will determine piston rod length to install.
5. If piston travel is .203-.247" (5.16-6.27 mm), correct piston rod is installed and no change is required. If
travel is less than specifications, piston rod is too long and a shorter rod (more I.D. grooves) will have to
be installed. If travel is more than specified, rod is too short and a longer rod (less grooves) will have to
be installed.
6. Select a new piston rod if necessary. Refer to the SERVO PISTON ROD SELECTION . Install selected
rod and recheck servo travel.
7. Clean and assemble servo piston without piston seals. Install Return Spring (T81P-70027-A) on piston
rod and position piston in case.
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 9: Measuring Servo Piston Travel

SERVO PISTON ROD SELECTION

Rod Length: In. (mm) (1) Rod I.D.
6.313-6.324 (160.35-160.63) No Grooves
6.289-6.300 (159.74-160.02) 1 Groove
6.265-6.276 (159.13-159.41) 2 Grooves
6.240-6.252 (158.50-158.80) 3 Grooves
6.189-6.216 (157.20-157.89) 4 Grooves
6.197-6.209 (157.40-157.71) 5 Grooves
(1) Measured from end of snap ring groove to end of rod.
Reassembly
1. Position cushion spring retaining washer and cushion spring on piston rod. Install spring and rod
assembly in servo piston. Compress cushion spring and install circlip on piston rod.
2. Install square-cut seal on piston. Install seals on servo cover. Lubricate piston seals with petroleum jelly.
Install piston into cover. Install piston return spring on piston rod.
VALVE BODY ASSEMBLY
Disassembly
1. Remove 2 separator plate attaching screws and remove separator plate from valve body. Remove check
balls and relief valve from valve body core passages. See Fig. 10 .
2. Compress valve plugs and valves to remove retainers. Remove valves and springs. Mark components as
necessary for reassembly. See Fig. 11 .
CAUTION: DO NOT turn throttle valve adjusting screw and lock nut. Adjustment
screw is set during manufacture and should not be altered.
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 10: Top View of Valve Body Check Balls & Relief Valve
1. Clean all parts thoroughly in clean solvent. Blow dry with compressed air.
2. Inspect all valve and plug bores for scores. Check all fluid passages for obstructions. Inspect all mating
surfaces for burrs or distortion. Inspect all plugs and valves for burrs and scores.
NOTE: If necessary, use crocus cloth to polish valve and plugs. Avoid rounding
off sharp edges of valves and plugs with cloth.
3. Inspect all springs for distortion. Check all valves and plugs for free movement in their bores. Valves and
plugs, when dry, must fall from their own weight into their respective bores. Roll manual control valve on
1990 Ford Escort GT
a flat surface to check for bent condition.
Reassembly
1. Reverse disassembly procedure. Install 6 check balls and relief valves into valve body passages. See Fig.
10 .
2. Use Alignment Pins (T80L-771OO-A) when installing separator plate and gasket to ensure they are
properly aligned with valve body. Tighten separator plate bolts to specification. Refer to the TORQUE
SPECIFICATIONS .
Fig. 11: Exploded View of Valve Body & Components

GOVERNOR OVERHAUL
Disassembly
Support governor on a vise and remove 3/32" roll pin securing gear to shaft. See Fig. 21 . DO NOT place
governor assembly or governor shaft in vise jaws. DO NOT damage ring lands. Clamp plastic gear in vise. Grip
shaft firmly and twist and pull to remove gear from shaft.
Inspection
1. Inspect governor valve and bore for scores. Minor scores may be removed from valve with crocus cloth.
Replace governor if valves or body are deeply scored.
2. Inspect governor screen for obstructions. Screen must be free of foreign material. If contaminated, clean
thoroughly in solvent and blow dry with compressed air.
1990 Ford Escort GT
3. Check for free movement of valves in bores. Valves should slide freely of their own weight in bores when
dry. Inspect fluid passages in valve body and counterweight for obstructions. All fluid passages must be
clean.
4. Inspect governor drive gear and replace it if teeth are broken, chipped or excessively worn.
Reassembly
1. Align driven gear to shaft gear bore. Ensure driven gear is properly aligned and tap gear into position
using a plastic mallet. Gear is in correct position when shoulder is seated against governor shaft.
2. Support governor on a non-machined surface. Using a drill press, align drill bit to prevent damaging
governor shaft and drill a 1/8" hole through driven gear. Install NEW roll pin.
MANUAL & THROTTLE LINKAGE
Disassembly
1. Hold outer throttle lever stationary to prevent damage to throttle shaft cam and remove throttle valve
outer lever nut and washer. Remove neutral safety switch. See Fig. 12 .
2. Using needle nose pliers, remove manual lever retaining pin and parking pawl ratcheting spring. Remove
nut attaching inner manual lever (detent) and parking pawl actuating lever to manual lever shaft.
3. Remove manual lever and shaft assembly. Remove throttle valve lever and components on throttle valve
lever shaft. Remove parking pawl return spring. Using a screwdriver, pry manual lever shaft oil seal from
case and throttle valve lever shaft seal from manual lever. Remove insulator from manual lever.
Fig. 12: Exploded View of Manual & Throttle Linkage Components

Reassembly
1. Install new manual lever shaft seal in case. Install new seal on outer manual lever shaft. Install new
insulator on outer manual lever. Install parking pawl return spring.
2. Install the following on T.V. inner shaft in this order: parking pawl actuator, inner manual detent lever,
1990 Ford Escort GT
inner attaching nut. Position T.V. inner shaft in case. Install outer manual lever and shaft.
3. Position parking pawl actuator and inner manual detent lever on manual shaft. Install attaching nut.
Tighten nut to specification. Refer to the TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS . Install parking pawl
ratcheting spring. Install manual lever retaining pin.
4. Install neutral safety switch in case. Install, but DO NOT tighten, attaching screws and washers. Adjust
neutral safety switch. See appropriate AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION SERVICING article in
TRANSMISSION SERVICING. See the following list.
5. Install T.V. outer lever. Tighten attaching nut to specification while holding lever stationary to prevent
damage to throttle shaft cam.
REACTOR SUPPORT
Disassembly
Remove reactor support attaching bolts. Install Remover (T81P-70363-A). Install collar washer and nut on
outside side of reactor support. Remove reactor support.
Reassembly
Install reactor support, using remover. Ensure slot in reactor support is aligned with oil return hole.
DIFFERENTIAL ASSEMBLY
Disassembly
1. Remove differential side bearings. Pull speedometer drive gear and shim from differential case. See Fig.
13 . Remove side gears and thrust washers from differential case by rotating gears toward case windows.
2. Using a punch, drive out differential pinion gear shaft retaining pin. Remove pinion shaft, gears and
thrust washers from case.
3. If necessary, remove ring gear from differential case by drilling preformed side of rivets with 5/16" drill
bit. Remove heads of rivets with a chisel. Using a punch, drive remaining rivet shank from case and
remove ring gear.
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 13: Exploded View of Differential Assembly

1. Thoroughly clean all parts in solvent. DO NOT spin dry bearings using compressed air. Oil side bearings
immediately after cleaning to prevent corrosion. Inspect parts for any major defect.
NOTE: When a scored or chipped gear is replaced, transaxle case must be
1990 Ford Escort GT
cleaned thoroughly to insure all chips are removed.
2. Examine pinion and side gears for scoring, excessive wear, nicks and chips. Worn, scored and damaged
gears must be replaced.
3. Ensure differential case bearing journals are smooth. Inspect case bearing shoulders for damage caused by
bearing removal. Check fit (free rotation) of side gears in their cavities.
4. Check bearing races for deep scores, galling or chipping. If races are not damaged, DO NOT remove
from transaxle case or differential retainer. If races must be replaced, remove and install with appropriate
tools.
5. Check side bearings for smooth rotation in races. Examine bearing roller ends for step wear. If inspection
reveals either a damaged race or bearing, both parts must be replaced as they are a matched set.
Reassembly
1. To reassemble differential assembly, reverse disassembly procedure. Lubricate all thrust washers and
thrust surfaces on gears and in case with automatic transmission fluid.
2. If removed, press ring gear onto differential case and attach to case with service replacement nuts and
bolts. Install bolts with heads on parking pawl gear side of ring gear. Tighten bolts to specification. See
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS .
3. Install speedometer drive gear and shim. Ensure bevel on inside diameter of speedometer drive gear is
facing differential case.
NOTE: Differential side gears must be aligned in case. Use Shipping Plugs (T81P-1177-
B) to maintain alignment. Failure to maintain alignment will make it impossible
to install axle drive shafts through side gears.
Differential Bearing Preload Adjustment
1. Differential bearing preload is set at factory and need not be checked or adjusted unless one of the
following parts are replaced:
Transaxle Case
Differential Case
Differential Bearings
Differential Bearing Retainer
2. To adjust preload, install differential assembly into transaxle case. Place Shim Spacer (T83P-4451-BH)
on differential ball bearing outer race. Thickness of spacer should be .054-.055" (1.37-1.40 mm).
3. Remove bearing retainer oil seal and "O" ring. Install bearing retainer in case. Install Differential Bearing
Preload Shim Selector (T81P-4451-A) in differential retainer.
4. Ensure tool is centered in differential seal bore. Position gauge bar of selector tool across bearing retainer
and install 2 attaching bolts finger tight. See Fig. 14 .
5. Tighten center screw of gauge bar finger tight, then rotate differential assembly several times to seat
bearings. Retighten screw finger tight.
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 14: Installing of Differential Bearing Preload Tool

6. Using a feeler gauge, measure clearance between bearing retainer and transaxle case at 3 positions around
retainer. Add the 3 measurements together and divide by 3 to obtain average of all measurements.
7. To determine shim needed for correct bearing preload, subtract average measurement obtained in step 6)
from .053" (1.35 mm). Then add compressed gasket thickness of .011" (.28 mm). Result is thickness of
required preload shim to install.
NOTE: Bearing preload shims are available in thickness of .012-.051" (.30-1.30

mm) in various increments. If calculations result in shim thickness which
falls between 2 available thicknesses, always use thinner shim. See
BEARING PRELOAD SHIMS table.
BEARING PRELOAD SHIMS

Part No. Thickness
E3FZ4076-A .012" (.30 mm)
E3FZ4076-B .014" (.35 mm)
E3FZ4076-C .016" (.40 mm)
1990 Ford Escort GT
E3FZ4076-D .018" (.45 mm)

E3FZ4076-E .020" (.50 mm)
E3FZ4076-F .022" (.55 mm)
E3FZ4076-G .024" (.60 mm)
E3FZ4076-H .026" (.65 mm)
E3FZ4076-J .028" (.70 mm)
E3FZ4076-K .030" (.75 mm)
E3FZ4076-L .031" (.80 mm)
E3FZ4076-M .033" (.85 mm)
E3FZ4076-N .035" (.90 mm)
E3FZ4076-P .037" (.95 mm)
E3FZ4076-R .039" (1.00 mm)
E3FZ4076-S .041" (1.05 mm)
E3FZ4076-T .043" (1.10 mm)
E3FZ4076-U .045" (1.15 mm)
E3FZ4076-V .047" (1.20 mm)
E3FZ4076-W .049" (1.25 mm)
E3FZ4076-X .051" (1.30 mm)
8. Remove gauge bar, shim spacer and bearing retainer. Install new oil seal in retainer Position shim on ball
bearing outer race. Install bearing retainer with new "O" ring by tapping evenly around outside edge of
retainer face. Dip "O" ring in transmission fluid prior to installation.
9. Loctite bolt threads and install differential bearing retainer-to-case attaching bolts. Tighten bolts to
specifications. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS .
PINION CARRIERS
NOTE: Individual parts of planetary carrier are not serviceable. If any part is worn or
damaged, complete planetary carrier must be replaced.
Inspection
Inspect pins and shafts for loose fit and/or complete disengagement. Check shaft welds. Inspect pinion gears for
damage or excessively worn teeth. Check for free rotation of pinion gears.
INPUT, IDLER & FINAL DRIVE GEARS
Inspection
Inspect gear teeth. They should be smooth with a uniform contact pattern without signs of excessive wear.
Replace any gear which is cracked, chipped, broken or excessively worn.
TRANSAXLE CASE
1990 Ford Escort GT
Inspection
Inspect case for cracks and stripped threads. Inspect gasket surfaces and mating surfaces for burrs. Check vent
for obstructions, and check all fluid passages for obstructions and leakage. Inspect case bushing for scores.
Check all parking linkage parts for wear or damage.
NOTE: Repair kits are available for servicing damaged case threads.
TRANSAXLE REASSEMBLY
NOTE: Handle all parts carefully to avoid damaging bearings and mating surfaces.
Lubricate all parts with clean ATF. Use petroleum jelly on gaskets, thrust
washers and needle bearings to retain them in place. Use all new gaskets and
seals, and tighten bolts evenly.
1. Clean idler gear shaft threads and install a new "O" ring. Place idler gear and shaft in case. Insert a 12-
mm Allen wrench in idler gear shaft and position it to catch on band anchor strut.
2. Apply Loctite to idler shaft attaching nut. Install and tighten nut to specification using a 32-mm 12-point
socket. Refer to the TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS . Install No. 1 thrust bearing and input gear No. 2
caged needle bearing. See Fig. 15 .
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 15: Installing Thrust Bearing & Caged Needle Bearing

NOTE: Before installing final drive housing, ensure band strut is rotated into its
operating position. Transmission case and housing are matched parts. If
one is damaged, both must be replaced.
3. Install input gear over reactor support. Install No. 3 thrust bearing (needle) on input gear. See Fig. 20 .
Position final drive housing in case. Ensure it is firmly seated on alignment dowels. Install NEW final
drive housing attaching bolts and tighten to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS .
4. Install No. 4 thrust washer. Install sun gear and drum. Install intermediate band. Ensure band lug engages
stud. Place servo piston in case and install Remover/Installer (T81P-70027-A).
5. Compress piston spring far enough to allow installation of retaining ring. Install servo retaining ring and
before removing tool, ensure piston rod has engaged band lug.
6. Place reverse clutch cylinder in case and tap cylinder in using a hammer handle. Using Seal Protector
(T81P-70402-A), apply even pressure and install reverse clutch piston in clutch cylinder. Remove seal
protector. Install No. 5 thrust washer on planetary gear set. Install assembly on sun gear.
NOTE: Before installing reverse clutch piston return spring and holder assembly,
1990 Ford Escort GT
reverse clutch clearance must be checked in the following manner:
7. Install clutch pack wave spring, clutch pack and pressure plate then install clutch pack retaining ring.
Clutch pack contains 3 friction and 3 steel plates. Using a feeler gauge, measure clearance between
retaining ring and pressure plate at 2 places 180 degrees apart. See Fig. 16 .
8. If average clearance is .030-.055" (.76-1.40 mm). clutch clearance is correct. If clearance is less
than .030" (.76 mm). install a thinner retaining ring. If clearance is greater than .055" (1.40 mm), install a
thicker retaining ring.
Fig. 16: Measuring Reverse Clutch Clearance

NOTE: Whenever new retaining ring is installed, repeat clearance check. See
REVERSE CLUTCH RETAINING RING THICKNESSES for available reverse
clutch retaining rings.
1990 Ford Escort GT
REVERSE CLUTCH RETAINING RING THICKNESSES

E6FZ7D483-A .051" (1.30mm)

E6FZ7D483-B .072" (1.83mm)
E6FZ7D483-C .085" (2.16mm)
E6FZ7D483-D .102" (2.59mm)
(1) Retaining ring thickness has .002" (.05 mm) tolerance.
9. Remove reverse clutch pack retaining ring, pressure plate, clutch pack and wave spring. Install reverse
clutch return spring and holder assembly. Reinstall wave spring, clutch pack, pressure plate and retaining
ring.
10. Install No. 7 thrust washer on planetary assembly. Install intermediate clutch hub and ring gear assembly
into case. Install direct clutch assembly into case. Position No. 10 thrust bearing (needle type) on direct
clutch.
11. Install intermediate clutch assembly into case and check for proper clutch engagement as follows:
position No. 11 thrust bearing on one of the machined tabs and push bearing up against case. If bearing is
flush or slightly below machined pump housing surface in case, clutch is fully engaged. If clutch is not
fully engaged, reposition clutch assembly. See Fig. 17 . Position No. 11 thrust bearing on clutch drum.
12. Install pump Alignment Pins (T81P-77100-A) and pump housing gasket. Position transaxle End Play
Checking Tools (T81P-77389-A and T80L-77003-A) in intermediate clutch. See Fig. 18 .
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 17: Checking Intermediate Clutch for Engagement

1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 18: Installing Transaxle End Play Measuring Tools

13. Using a micrometer, measure distance from top of gauge bar to top of No. 11 thrust bearing installed on
intermediate clutch. Perform measurement at 2 places, 180 degrees apart, and use average of 2
measurements. Subtract .700" (17.78 mm) thickness of gauge bar from average of 2 measurements to
determine end play. Choose proper end play thrust washer. See END PLAY THRUST WASHERS .
14. Install No. 12 thrust washer (selective), chosen from END PLAY THRUST WASHERS , on oil pump.
Position pump in case and tap into place using a hammer handle. Remove pump alignment pins. Install
pump attaching bolts and washers to specification.
CAUTION: Oil pump attaching bolt washers provide bolt seal and must not be
substituted. Failure to use sealing washers may result in fluid leak.
END PLAY THRUST WASHERS

End Play: In. (mm) Nylon Washer Metallic Washer
(1) Color ID
.057-.070 (1.46-1.77) Green EA
.070-.079 (1.77-2.00) Black AA
1990 Ford Escort GT
.079- 087 (2.00-2.20) Natural BA

.087-.095 (2.20-2.41) Blue CA
(1) If thrust washer thickness is not known, see END PLAY
THRUST WASHER THICKNESS .
END PLAY THRUST WASHER THICKNESS

Thrust Washer ID/Color Thickness: In. (mm)
AA/Black .055-.057 (1.40-1.45)
BA/Natural .063-.065 (1.60-1.65)
CA/Blue .071-.073 (1.80-1.85)
EA/Green .045-.047 (1.15-1.20)
15. Position differential assembly in transaxle case. Install differential bearing spacer shim. Install new "O"
ring on differential retainer and position retainer in case (tap into place if necessary). Loctite bolt threads
and install retainer attaching bolt. Tighten bolts to specification.
16. Position new seal on oil filter and install filter in case. Install oil pan using a new gasket. Install new seal
on speedometer driven gear retainer and position retainer in case. Tap retainer into position using a plastic
hammer. Ensure retaining pin hole is aligned. With retainer properly positioned, tap retaining pin into
case.
17. Install governor into case. Install new seal on governor cover and position cover on case. Tap cover into
place using plastic hammer and install cover retaining wire.
18. Position governor screen into case bore. Position valve body gasket on case and install alignment pins to
hold gasket in place. Place valve body in position in case and at the same time connect "Z" link to manual
valve.
19. Connect throttle valve control spring to inner lever cam and to separator plate. With valve body correctly
positioned, ensure roller on end of throttle valve plunger has engaged cam on end of throttle lever shaft.
20. Install the detent roller assembly, baffle plates and all remaining valve body attaching bolts. Tighten the
valve body attaching bolts in sequence and to specification. See Fig. 19 . For tightening specifications,
see TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS . Connect throttle return spring to spring anchor on throttle lever.
21. Position a new valve body cover gasket on case. Install cover and tighten attaching bolts to specification.
Install oil pump shaft. Install new seal on dipstick tube and install tube in case. Install torque converter
into transaxle case.
1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 19: Tightening Sequence for Valve Body Bolts

1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 20: Cross-Sectional View Of ATX Bearing Locations

1990 Ford Escort GT
Fig. 21: Exploded View Of ATX Automatic Transaxle Assembly

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
Application Ft. Lbs. (N.m)
Cooler Tube Fitting-To-Case 18-23 (24-31)
Differential Retainer-To-Case Bolt 15-19 (20-26)
1990 Ford Escort GT
Final Drive Housing-To-Case Bolt 18-23 (24-31)

Flex Plate-To-Crankshaft 54-64 (73-87)
Idler Shaft Nut 80-100 (108-136)
Inner Manual Lever-To-Shaft Nut 32-48 (43-65)
Oil Pan-To-Case Bolt 15-19 (20-26)
Ring Gear-To-Differential Case Bolt 55-70 (75-95)
Torque Converter-To-Flex Plate 23-39 (31-53)
INCH Lbs. (N.m)
Filter-To-Case Bolt 84-108 (9-12)
Oil Pump Assembly-To-Case Bolt 72-96 (8-11)
Oil Pump Support-To-Pump Body Bolt 72-96 (8-11)
Outer Throttle Lever-To-Shaft Nut 90-114 (10-13)
Pressure Test Port Plug-To-Case 48-96 (5-11)
Reactor Support-To-Case Bolt 72-96 (8-11)
Separator Plate-To-Valve Body Bolt 72-96 (8-11)
Valve Body-To-Case Bolt 72-96 (8-11)
Valve Body Cover-To-Case Bolt 84-108 (9-12)

Atx FLC

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1990 Ford Escort GT

AUTO TRANS OVERHAUL - FORD ATX/FLC AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS Ford ATX/FLC

AUTO TRANS OVERHAUL - FORD ATX/FLC

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS Ford ATX/FLC

NOTE: Manufacturer's nomenclature changed in 1992 to FLC from ATX but

jueves, 26 de enero de 2023 12:09:33

Fig. 1: Transmission Identification Tag

LUBRICATION & ADJUSTMENTS

For 1981-85 Escort 1.6L EFI, see TRANSMISSION SERVICING - A/T

See appropriate AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT article in DRIVE AXLES.

For 1981-85 Escort 1.6L EFI, see AXLE SHAFTS - FRONT

To install servo, reverse removal procedure. Refill transaxle with fluid.

OIL COOLER FLUSHING

TORQUE CONVERTER FLUSHING

For 1981-85 Escort 1.6L EFI, see TRANSMISSION SERVICING - A/T

No Forward Drive, Reverse Okay

No Reverse Drive Or Chatters In Reverse, Forward Okay

Slips In 1st Gear In "D"

Damaged or worn band.

Slips In 2nd Gear

Starts Off In 2nd Or 3rd

Shifts Points Incorrect

No Upshift In "D" At Any Speed

Engine Flare Up On Downshift

Dirty or sticking valve body. Defective band or servo.

No Engine Braking In Low Or Second

Mushy Or Rough 1-2 Shift

Incorrect intermediate clutch application. Dirty or sticky valve body.

Rough 2-3 Shift, 1-2 Shift Okay

Slow Initial Engagement

Shifts 1-3 In "D"

Noise Present During All Drive Ranges

NOTE: These problems may be the result of an improperly repaired transmission.

No Forward Gears, Reverse Okay

Binds In Reverse, Okay In Forward Gear

Binds In Reverse, Goes Forward In Neutral

No Reverse, Forward Gears Okay

Reverse clutch piston lip seals rolled over during installation.

Erratic 2-3 Shift Or 2-3 Shift Flare

Neutral Condition On 2-3 Shift

2-3-2-3 Shuttle Shift

Loose governor gears. Worn governor valves.

Sensitive 3-2 Downshifts

Chatter Or Shudder Coming To Stop

CLUTCH & BRAKE BAND APPLICATIONS

CLUTCH & BRAKE BAND APPLICATION CHART

For 1981-85 Escort 1.6L EFI, see TRANSMISSION SERVICING - A/T

ATX SHIFT SPEEDS

NOTE: For transmission model identification, see Fig. 1 .

MODEL PMA-AU (3.26 AXLE RATIO)

MODEL PMA-BE (3.26 AXLE RATIO)

MODEL PMB-X (3.26 AXLE RATIO)

MODEL PMB-W (3.26 AXLE RATIO)

MODEL PMA-AV (3.07 AXLE RATIO)

MODEL PMA-BL (3.26 AXLE RATIO)

MODEL PMA-BK (3.26 AXLE RATIO)

MODEL PMA-BD (3.07 AXLE RATIO)

MODEL PMA-AW (3.09 AXLE RATIO)

MODEL PMA-BM (3.07 AXLE RATIO P185/70R14 TIRES)