One Dimensional Array

Array
An array allows you to store a group of items of the

same data type together in memory.
The contents of an array are stored in contiguous

memory. It can be individually referenced by adding an
index to a unique identifier.
It is special type of variable that can contain or hold

one or more values of the same data type with
reference to only one variable name. The data items in
an array are referred to as elements.
IT105 Computer Programming 2

Array Elements and Subscripts
A Normal Variable
An Array Variable
[0] [1] [2] [3] [4]
// this is an array variable of five elements

An array can be distinguished through a pair of

square brackets and a specified number inside the
square brackets [ ].
The number inside the square brackets is called an

index or element.
Each element is assigned a unique number known as

subscripts.
Subscripts are used to identify specific elements in an
array.

An Array Variable
x [0] [1] [2] [3] [4]

// this is an array variable of five elements
Each element can be referred to as :
x[0] x[1] x[2] x[3] x[4]

Declaration and Definition of Array
data type arrayname [index];
int num [5];
char name [10];

Note: In a fixed-length array, the size of the array is
constant and must have a value at compilation time.

Initialization
An array can be initialized when it is declared, when

initializing the array, the value for their various indexed
variables are enclosed in braces and separated by commas.
int num[5] = { 10,20,30,40,50 };

0 1 2 3 4
10 20 30 40 50
char choice[5] = { ‘a’,’b’,’c’,’d’,’e’};

Initialization
num[0] = 10 ; choice[0] = ‘a’ ;

num[1] = 20 ; choice[1] = ‘b’ ;
num[2] = 30 ; choice[2] = ‘c’ ;
num[3] = 40 ; choice[3] = ‘d’ ;
num[4] = 50 ; choice[4] = ‘e’ ;
Initialization without size

int num[] = { 10,20,30,40,50 };
Partial initialization
int num[5] = { 10,20};
(The rest are filled with 0’s)
Sample C++ Statements using Array
single variable array
num = 20 ; num[0] = 20 ;
num[x] = 20 ;
a = a + 1 ; a[1] = a[1] + 1 ;
c = a + b ; c = a[1] + b[2] ;
c[0]= a[1]+b[2] ;
Sample C ++ Statements using Array
single variable array
cin >> x; cin >> x[0];
cout << x; cout << x[1];
if (grade ›=75) if (grade[3] ›=75)

{ {
cout<<“passed”; cout<<“passed”;
} }

Sample Programs
// reading 5 values into an array variable
for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i++)
{
cin>>num[i];
}
// displaying stored values of an array variable

for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i++)
{
cout<< num[i];
}
Sample Programs
for ( i=4 ; i›=0; i--)

{
cout<< num[i];
}
for ( i=0 ; i<=4; i+=2)

{
cout<< num[i]
}
ACT 123 Advanced Programming

Sample Programs
// adding 5 to each stored value of an array variable
for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i ++)

{
cout<< num[i] + 5;
for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i ++)

{
num[i]= num[i] + 5;
cout<< num[i];
}

Sample Programs
// copying the contents of an array a to array b
for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i ++)

{
b[i] = a[i];
}
// copying the contents of an array a to array b in reversed order
y=4;
for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i++)
{
b[y]= a[i];
y--;
}
Sample Programs
y=4;
for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i ++)
{
b[i]= a[y];
y--;
}
y=0;
for ( i = 4 ; i›=0; i--)
{
b[i]= a[y];
y++;
}
Sample Programs
y=4;
for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i ++)
{
b[y-i]= a[i];
}
for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i ++)

{
b[4-i]= a[i];
}

Sample Programs
// calculating the average of 10 numbers
cout<<"\nEnter the 10 numbers:\n";
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++)
{
cin>>number[i];
sum = sum + number[i];
}
average = sum/10;
cout<<"\nAverage of the ten numbers
entered is: “<< average;

Sample Programs
Computing the area of 3 rectangles with
#include <iostream>
normal variables
using namespace std;
int a,l,w,x;
int main()
{
for( x=0;x<=2;x++)
{
cout<< "Rectangle "<< x+1 <<endl;
cout<< "Length : " ;
cin>>l;
cout<< "Width : ";
cin>> w;
a= l * w;
cout<< " Area : " << a;
cout<<"\n\n\n";
}
}
Sample Programs
#include <iostream>
Computing the area of 3 rectangles with 3
array variables (for area, length, width)
int a[3], l[3],w[3],x;
int main()
{
for( x=0;x<=2;x++)
{
cin>> l[x];
cout<< "Width : ";
cin>> w[x];
a[x]= l [x]* w[x];
cout<< " Area : " << a[x];
cout<<"\n\n\n";
}
cout<<a[0];
return 0;
}
Sample Programs
#include <iostream>
Computing the area of 3 rectangles with 1
array variable (for area, length, width)
int a[9],x;
int main()
{
for( x=0;x<=2;x++)
{
cin>> a[x];
cout<< "Width : ";
cin>> a[x+3];
a[x+6]= a[x]* a[x+3];
cout<< " Area : " << a[x+6];
cout<<"\n\n\n";
}
cout<<a[6];
return 0;
} ACT 123 Advanced Programming

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Array

An array allows you to store a group of items of the

The contents of an array are stored in contiguous

It is special type of variable that can contain or hold

IT105 Computer Programming 2

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4]

// this is an array variable of five elements

IT105 Computer Programming 2

An array can be distinguished through a pair of

The number inside the square brackets is called an

Each element is assigned a unique number known as

IT105 Computer Programming 2

x [0] [1] [2] [3] [4]

Each element can be referred to as :

x[0] x[1] x[2] x[3] x[4]

IT105 Computer Programming 2

data type arrayname [index];

int num [5];

char name [10];

IT105 Computer Programming 2

An array can be initialized when it is declared, when

int num[5] = { 10,20,30,40,50 };

char choice[5] = { ‘a’,’b’,’c’,’d’,’e’};

IT105 Computer Programming 2

num[0] = 10 ; choice[0] = ‘a’ ;

Initialization without size

single variable array

single variable array

cin >> x; cin >> x[0];

cout << x; cout << x[1];

if (grade ›=75) if (grade[3] ›=75)

IT105 Computer Programming 2

// displaying stored values of an array variable

for ( i=4 ; i›=0; i--)

for ( i=0 ; i<=4; i+=2)

ACT 123 Advanced Programming

for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i ++)

for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i ++)

ACT 123 Advanced Programming

for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i ++)

for ( i = 0 ; i<=4; i ++)

ACT 123 Advanced Programming

ACT 123 Advanced Programming

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