Learning Vehicle Materials
Learning Vehicle Materials
Learning Vehicle Materials
VISION OF COLLEGE
“To be a center of excellence for developing technocrats with moral and social ethics
to face the global challenges for the sustainable development of the society.”
MISSION OF COLLEGE
To create conducive academic culture for the learning and identifying career goals.
through technology
Vision of the Mechanical Department:
UNIT – II [ 8 Hrs.]
Clutch: Necessity, requirements of a clutch system. Types of Clutches, centrifugal clutch, single &
multi plate clutch, fluid clutch.
Gear Box: Necessity of transmission, principle, types of transmission, sliding mesh, constant mesh,
synchromesh, transfer gear box, gear selector mechanism, lubrication and control. Torque
converter, semiautomatic & automatic transmission.
Steering systems: principle of steering, center point steering, steering linkages, steering geometry
and wheel alignment, power steering.
Suspension systems: Function of spring and shock absorber, conventional and Independent suspension system,
Telescopic shock absorber, linked suspension systems, rubber, plastic, hydro & pneumatic suspension system.
.
UNIT – V [ 8 Hrs.]
Electrical systems: Battery construction, maintenance, testing and charging, cutout, lighting circuit, horn, side
indicator, wiper and panel board instruments. Battery, magneto and electronic ignition systems. Automobile air-
conditioning.
Wheels and Tyres: Types of wheels, wheel dimensions, tyre, desirable tyre properties, types of tyres, comparison
of radial and bias-ply tyres, tyre construction, tyre materials, factor affecting tyre life, precautions regarding the
tyres and wheel balancing.
UNIT – VI [ 8 Hrs.]
Body and Safety Considerations and Modern Developments in Automobiles: Requirements of automobile body,
materials for body work, safety considerations, crash worthiness. Recent advances in automobiles such as ABS,
electronic power steering, Active suspension, collision avoidance, intelligent lighting, navigational aids and
electronic brake distribution system. 1
LIST OF TUTORIALS: (Minimum 8)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Automobile Mechanics, Crause, W.H., Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Vehicle and Engine Technology, Heinz Heisler, Arnold London.
3. Automotive Engines, Srinivasan S., Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Motor Vehicle Technology, J.A. Dolan, Heinemann Educational Books.
5. Automobile Engineering Vol. I, II & III, P. S. Gill, Kataria and Sons. 1
6. Automobile Engineering, K.K. Jain, R.B. Asthana, Tata McGraw Hill.
What is an ‘Automobile’??
Captain Nicholas Joseph Cugnot – French Army – built the first self propelled vehicle in 1768-70
First Automobile
Steam Steering
1769 Cugnot Steamer in Piston's
HD.mp4
Steam
Generator
Rear Wheel /
Axle
Front Wheel
1801 – Richard threvithrick – Firs Steam
Carriage
TREVITHICK'S PUFFING DEVIL
ON TREVITHICK DAY 2017.mp4
Chimney
videoplayback.mp4
7
…Contd
• 1897 – Mr. Foster from Crompton greaves,
borrowed first motor car in india
• 1901 - Mr. Jamshed Ji TATA was the first
INDIAN to own a motor car .
Vehicle BODY
Chassis
Main Supporting
Structure of
vehicle consist of
parts except
automobile body
Key component of Chassis is Frame
Frame Have 3 different types
1. Conventional frame
2. Integral Frame
3. Semi Integral Frame
Functions of Frame
• To support chassis components & body
• Withstand the static & dynamic load of different components
of chassis
• To withstand load of the body
• To carry load
• To withstand stresses caused due to uneven road conditions.
• To withstand force caused due to turning of the vehicles &
sudden braking or acceleration.
FRONT
REAR
17
Frame Cross Sections
Heavy Engine can be fitted, which can used to give more power
Semi Forward Chassis
• Half portion of the engine is in the driver cabin & and remaining
half is outside the cabin such as in Tata trucks / Tempos
28
Tubular Frame
• It is 3-dimensional design
• Tubular space frame chassis
employs dozens of circular
section tube, positions in
different directions to
provide mechanical strength
against force from anywhere.
• These tubes are welded &
forms a very complex
structure.
• For higher stre ngth required
by sports cars, tubular space
frame chassis usually
incorporate a strong structure
under both doors.
Advantages & Dis advantages
• Very strong in any • Very complex , costly
direction (compared and time consuming to
with ladder chassis and be built.
Monocoque chassis of • It engages a lot of
the same weight) spaces rise the door seal
and result in difficult to
access to the cabin.
• Impossible for
robotized production.
Monocoque
34
Types of Vehicle
Layout
Or Chassis Layout
35
Front Engine Rear Wheel Drive
Engine
Transmission
Drive Shaft
Clutch
Final Drive
Front Engine Rear Wheel
Drive
• Most common type of layout.
• Engine Located at front and driving power is given
to rear wheels.
• Driving Power flows from engine to rear wheel
through various mechanical linkages.
Advantages & Disadvantages
• Better handling : - Accelerating force is applied to
the rear wheels, on which the down force increases,
due to load transfer in acceler ation, making the rear
tires better able to take simultaneous acceleration
and curving than the front tires. ON DRY ROAD ONLY
Even weight distribution
• The division of weight between the front and rear
wheels has a significant impact on a car's handling,
and it is much easier to get a 50/50 weight
distribution in a rear wheel drive car.
Steering radius
• As no complicated drive shaft joints are required at
the front wheels, it is possible to turn them further
than would be possible using front wheel drive,
resulting in a smaller steering radius.
Less load at front axle
• The driving force is given at rear axle hence there is
no need to provide complex design on front axle.
Engine
Transmission
Final Drive
Front Engine Front Wheel
Drive
• In this type the engine is
mounted on the front side
of the vehicle and the
driving power is given to
the front wheels only.
• The power flows from
engine to front axle.
• This type of arrangement
have additional sub type
i.e. front mounted cross
engine.
Advantages
• Interior space:
• Since the powertrain is a single unit contained in the
engine compartment of the vehicle, there is no need
to devote interior space for a driveshaft tunnel or
rear differential, increasing the volume available for
passengers and cargo.
Engine
Inner
SPACE
Better handling on slippery
surface
• Slippery-surface traction: placing the mass of the
drivetrain over the driven wheels
improves traction on wet, snowy, or icy surfaces.