Group 9
Group 9
Group 9
I. PHRASES
GROUP 9
CONTENTS
1 Noun Phrase
2 Adjective Phrase
3 Adverbial Phrase
4 Prepositional Phrase
5 Conjunctional Phrase
6 interjectional Phrase
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
●
. Identify noun phrase and adjective phrase and it's function through
assessment.
● Identify the differences between Adverbial Phrase and Prepositional
Phrase through active participation.
● Differentiate conjunctional phrase and interjectional phrase by
participating in the class discussions.
● Distinguish a clause from a sentence and phrase through active
listening to the discussion about characteristics and types of clauses.
● Contrast the two types of clauses by paying attention to the examples
● Practice combining clauses with the use of conjunctions by reciting in
class.
PHRASE
A phrase is a group of words that functions as a
meaningful unit within a sentence. It is a collection of
related words that lacks a subject or a predicate
necessary to form a complete sentence.
NOUN PHRASE &
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
Noun Adjective
Phrase
Phrase
An adjective phrase is a
A noun phrase is a group of words that
group of words functions as an
that functions as a adjective in a sentence.
noun in a sentence. It describes or specifies
a noun or pronoun
Ex.
Ex.
the green car
extremely fast
a brown dog
surprisingly easy
NOUN PHRASE
A noun phrase is a group of words that
functions as a noun in a sentence. Noun
Phrases aren't full sentences. Instead, noun
phrases are part of longer sentences.
ex.
The big red apple.
TYPES OF NOUN PHRASES
Noun Phrase
Examples with
Noun Phrase with Gerunds in
Postmodifiers
Premodifiers Noun Phrases
Ex. Ex.
Ex.
People with rude Playing with my
An elephant raised
manners upset me. siblings is my favorite
its trunk at me.
Saturday activity.
TYPES OF NOUN PHRASES
Noun Phrase as a Noun Phrase as an
Subject Object
is when the noun Noun phrases can also
phrase performs the function as the object in a
action in the sentence sentence when they
receive the action from the
Ex. subject.
: The spotted puppy
jumped around Ex.
At the zoo, I saw a
happily.
striped zebra..
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
There are also some cases where;
ADVERBIAL PHRASE
examples:The dogs in the park run. examples:She is tall for her age.
Some of the food is delicious. Students study late at night.
CONJUNCTIONAL PHRASES
GROUP 9
CLAUSES
A clause is a part of a compound or complete
sentence that contains a subject (the doer) and some
kind of predicate (the action). The subject can be a
word, a phrase, or a clause of various types, whereas
a predicate can be only a verb or a verb phrase. It
conveys information about what the subject is/are
doing rather than simply putting or grouping random
words together.
EXAMPLE 1:
Sentence 1: “After the rain stopped, we went out on our bikes”
Clauses:
S P/V
Clause 1: the rain / stopped
S P / VP
Clause 2: We /went out on our bikes.
S P/V
Clause 2: the butterflies / flew.
TRY THIS:
1. Roshan is swimming .
2. Hasmin and her friends went to the park, where the birds
usually eat.
3. Justin tells the students who aren't picking up the trash.
4. Joe doesn't feel well.
5. I haven't posted all the invitations.
TYPES OF CLAUSES:
1. Independent clause (IC): Main clause
An independent clause can stand alone as a complete simple sentence even
though it is usually functioning as part of a larger sentence. Main (or
independent) clauses can form sentences on their own. They aren’t dependent
on other clauses. They are always finite (they must contain a verb which shows
tense). For a sentence to be complete, all it needs is a subject and a verb: “She
sighed.” No part of the sentence depends on some element expressed outside
the sentence.
Example 1:
MC / IC DC
Sentence: She will go to the department store / if she’s done with all the chores.
S P
Independent clause: She / will go to the department store.
NOTE:
A simple sentence can always be a main clause but a
clause is not always a sentence.
Example:
S P
Sentence and a clause: The animal / jumped.
Sentence 2: I went out on the bike/ that/ Mary gave me for my birthday
TYPES OF CLAUSES:
Example:
MC SC DC
Sentence: “I went out on the bike/ that/ Mary gave me for my birthday”
SC S P
Dependent clause: that / Mary gave me for my birthday.
DIFFERENCE OF IC AND DC:
In many cases, in fact, the only thing that distinguishes an
independent clause from a dependent clause is the presence
of a subordinating conjunction. Consider what the addition
of a subordinating conjunction does to these examples:
Sentence 1: The host was surprised when we arrived early to the party.
Sentence 3: Although the forecast calls for rain, we are going ahead
with our plans for the hike.
Clause 1: We are going ahead with our plans for the hike.
Clause 2: although the forecast calls for rain.
COMBINING CLAUSES:
1. Coordination
We can combine clauses of the same grammatical type to
form sentences using coordinating conjunctions (CC).
Coordinating conjunctions: FANBOYS
Example:
[IC] CC [DC]
I’ll take the train and you can take the car.
[DC] [DC] [DC]
I’ll give you a call if I’m going to be late or if I’m not coming.
[non-finite clause] CC [non-finite clause]
You can use the phone to receive calls but not to make them.
NOTE:
We don’t create coordinated clauses with clauses of a different
grammatical type. For example, we cannot coordinate a main
clause and a subordinate clause:
GROUP 9