P.

E 104-TEAM SPORTS

PART II

BASKETBALL

Dr. James Naismith

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LESSON VII
BRIEF HISTORY, NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF BASKETBALL

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a.Trace the brief history of basketball;
b.discuss the nature of the game;
c.analyze the development of the game basketball; and
d.appreciate the contributions of different countries to the development of the game.

“Basketball is a game easy to play and difficult to master.”

-James Naismith

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE GAME

Basketball was invented by James Naismith, a Canadian American physical education
instructor at the international YMCA Training School in Springfield,Massachusetts. In
December of 1891, the director of the school, Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, asked Naismith to
find a physical activity to occupy a “class of incorrigibles”. Naismith may have had other
motivations as well. Naismith wanted to create a game of skill for the students instead of one
that relied solely on strength. He needed a game that could be played indoors in a relatively
small space. And he wanted to keep his football players in shape off-season. As a kid
Naismith played a game called duck on a rock. He took account of the game played as a kid
and made it into what we now call basketball. With the help of his wife he devised a game
suitable for a gymnasium. The object of the game is to throw the soccer ball into the peach
baskets nailed to the lower railing of the gym balcony. Every time a point was scored, the
game was halted so the janitor could lug out a ladder and retrieve the ball. Later, the bottoms
of the peach baskets were removed.
The first formal rules were devised in 1892. Initially, players dribbled a soccer ball up
and down a court of unspecified dimensions. Points were earned by landing the ball in a
peach basket. Iron hoops and a hammock-style basket were introduced in 1893. Another
decade passed, however, before the innovation of open-ended nets put an end to the practice
of manually retrieving the ball from the basket each time a goal was scored. In 1959, James
Naismith was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame (called the Naismisth Memorial Hall
of Fame).Tony Hinkle designed the current orange ball that is in use today. He introduced it
in the 1950’s so that the players and spectators would be able to see it more clearly.

THE FIRST 13 RULES OF BASKETBALL

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. The ball may be battled in any direction with one or both hands (never with the first).
3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he
catches it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good
speed.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be used for
holding it.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of an
opponent shat be allowed; the first infringement of this rule by any player shall count as a
foul, the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or, if there was evident intent
to injure the person, for the whole of the game, no substitute allowed.

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6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3, 4, and such as described in
Rule 5.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the opponents
(consecutive means without the opponents in the mean time making a foul).
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket
and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball
rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play by the person
first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The
thrower-in is allowed 5 seconds; if he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side
persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side.
10. The umpire shall be judged of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee
when 3 consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify men according
to Rule 5.
11.The referee shall be judged of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, inbounds,
to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made,
and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
12. The time shall be two 15-minutes halves, with five minutes’ rest between.
13. The side making the most baskets in that time shall declare the winner. In case of a draw,
the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is made.

The International Basketball Federation was formed in 1932 by eight founding

nations: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and
Switzerland. At this time, the organization only oversaw amateur players. Its acronym,
derived from the French Federation Internationale de Basketball Amateur, was thus “FIBA”.
Men’s Basketball was first included at the Berlin 1936 Summer Olympics, although a
demonstration tournament was held in 1904. The United States defeated Canada in the first
final, played outdoors. This competition has usually been dominated by the United States,
whose team has won all but three titles, the first loss in a controversial final game in Munich
in 1972 against the Soviet Union. In 1950 the FIBA World Championship for men was held
in Argentina. Three years later, the first FIBA World Championship for Women was held in
Montreal, Canada with teams such as the Soviet Union, Brazil and Australia rivalling the
American squads.
FIBA dropped the distinction between amateur and professional players in 1989, and
in 1992, professional players played for the first time in the Olympic Games. The United
States’ dominance continued with the introduction of their Dream Team. However, with
developing programs elsewhere, other national teams started to beat the United States. A
team made entirely of NBA players finished sixth in the 2002 World Championships in
Indianapolis, behind Yugoslavia, Argentina, Germany, New Zealand and Spain. In the 2004
Athens Olympics, the United States suffered its first Olympic loss while using professional
players, falling to Puerto Rico (in a 19-point loss) and Lithuania in group games, and being
eliminated in the semi finals by Argentina.It eventually won the bronze medal defeating
Lithuania, finishing behind Argentina and Italy. In 2006,in the World Championship of
Japan, the United States advanced to the semi finals but were defeated by Greece by 101-95.
In the bronze medal game it beat team Argentina and fished 3 rd behind Greece and
Spain.After the disappointments of 2002 through 2006, the U.S. regrouped, re-establishing
themselvesas the dominant international team behind the “Redeem Team”, which won gold at
the 2008 Olympics, and the so called “B-Team”, which won gold at the 2010 FIBA World
Championship in Turkey despite featuring no players from the 2008 squad.

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NATURE OF THE GAME

Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five payers each try to score by shooting a
ball through a hoop elevated 10 feet above the ground. The game is played on a rectangular
floor called the court, and there is a hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main
sections by the mid-court line. If the offensive team puts the ball into play behind the mid-
court line, it has ten seconds to get the ball over the mid-court line. If it doesn’t, then the
defence gets the ball. Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it can no
longer have possession of the ball in the area in back of the line. If it does, the defence is
awarded the ball. The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling.
The team with the ball is called the offense. The team without the ball is called the defence.
They try to steal the ball, contest shots, steal and deflect passes, and garner rebounds.

When a team makes the basket, hey score two points and the ball goes to the other
team. If a basket, or field goal, is made outside of the three-point arc, then that basket is
worth three points. A free throw is one point. Free throws are awarded to a team according to
some formats involving the number of fouls committed in a half and or the type of foul
committed. Fouling a shooter always results in two or three free throws, depending upon
when he shot. If he was beyond the three-point line, then he get three shots. Other types of
foul do not result in free throws being awarded until a certain number have accumulated
during a half. Once that number is reached, then the player who has fouled is awarded a ‘1-
and -1 opportunity. If he makes his first free throw, he gets to attempt a second. If he misses
the first shot, the ball is live on the rebound.

Each game is divided into sections. All levels have two halves. In college, each half is
twenty minutes long. In high school and below, the halves are divided into eight (and
sometimes, six) minute quarters. In the pros, quarters are twelve minutes. There is a gap of
several minutes between halves. Gaps between quarters are relatively short. If the score is
tied at the end of regulation, then overtime periods of various lengths are played until a
winner emerges.

Each team will assign a basket or goal to defend. This means that the other basket is
their scoring basket. At the halftime, the teams switch goals. The game begins with one
player from either team at centre court. A referee will toss the ball up between the two. The
player that gets this hand on the ball will tip it to a teammate. This is called a tip-off. In
addition to stealing the ball from an opposing player, there are other ways for a team to get
the ball. One such way is if the other team commits a foul or violation.

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LESSON VIII
PREPARING YOUR BODY FOR BASKETBALL

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a. Explain the importance of warm-up exercise;
b. present the proper procedure for flexibility exercise;
c. determine the benefits of flexibility exercises; and
d. appreciate the contributions of different exercise in preventing muscle injury
while playing basketball.

THE WARM-UP ACTIVITIES

For any type of sport, it is very important to warm up before engaging fully into the
activity. This is because the muscles of the body are more elastic and durable once it is heated
rather than they are immediately intense work. This makes the muscles more resistant to
injury. Furthermore, warmed up muscles can react to changes more quickly, such as
contracting and relaxing when needed, thus overall performance of the body is enhanced.

WARM-UP BY JOGGING OR THE USE OF EXERCISE MACHINES

Cooper (1990) and le Beouf (2009) recommends that the first goal is to select and
complete a set of exercise that gets your muscles warmed-up and ready for the game. Your
warm-up exercises might include the use of some exercise machines, slow exercise with your
legs such as brisk walking marching in place, and climbing stairs in a gym or jumping jacks
or a basketball specific warm-up.

EXAMPLES OF BASKETBALL SPECEFIC WARM-UP ARE THE FOLLOWING:

1.CARIOCA-is one good warm-up exercise for basketball. This is done by
swivelling the hips while moving laterally through a distance of about 20 meters. While
swivelling to the right, the right leg is crossed over in front of the left leg. The left leg is then
sidestepped across the right leg to get back to the starting position. For the second step, the
right leg is crossed over behind the left leg and then the left leg is sidestepped across the right
leg. This is done through the whole distance. On the way back, the right and left leg will
switch positions.
2.LEG SWINGS AND JOINT ROLLING-are also very good basketball warm-up
exercise. Leg swings are done forward and back and also from side to side. To perform a leg
swing, hold on to a support with your shoulder perpendicular into it. Do not bend and make
sure that your torso is firm. Slowly swing your leg back then slowly bring it back down to the
starting position. From the starting position, slowly swing your leg forward and back down.
Do these for at least 10 repetitions then perform the warm-up on the other leg.

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3.HIGH KNEE SKIP-integrating the upper

and lower body coordination. Easy skipping to begin
to loosen up the body
4.BUTT KICKS-flexing the knees as fast as
possible and trying to bring the heels up to the
buttocks.
5.STRAIGHT LEG WALK-a great
dynamic stretch for the hamstring. The movement is
done holding the hands out in front of the body and High Knee Skip
thentrying to kick the feet towards the hand.
6.BACKWARDS HIGH KNEE SKIP-done similar to the high knee skip except
backwards.
7.BAKWARDS RUN-with a forward body
lean, the athletes run backwards.
8.DEFENSIVE SLIDE-warms-up the Ad- and
Ab- ductors of the legs.
9.HIGH KNEE RUN-flexing the hips as fast as
possible. We are not trying to work on “running”. We
are trying to warm the athlete’s body temperature.
The High Knee Run

STRETCHING BEFORE EACH GAME PRACTICE

Stretching is defined as a form of physical exercise which specific skeletal and
muscle groups are stretched, to improve the elasticity of the muscle and reaffirm comfortable
muscle tone. The purpose of stretching is to increase muscle control, flexibility as well as
range of motion. There are times stretching is used therapeutically for alleviating muscle
cramps.
When playing any type of sports, it is recommended that you do about 10 minutes of
stretching before the game. This will give your body enough time for any strenuous
movements. The truth is most experts recommend only 10 minutes of stretching. Going
beyond that is a no-no as you will be wearing down yourself before even the game begins.
Such situation is not favourable for you and for the team.
The game of basketball is popular all over the world. If you play the game, you need
to stretch before each game or practice to make your muscles more relaxed and flexible. If
you fail to do so, you may be risking yourself to injuries brought about by torn muscles or
ligament. In basketball, you need to run, jump, bend and reach to play the game. If your
muscles are not relaxed, they will strain easily and possibly even rip during an aggressive
game.
This makes it extremely necessary to at least take the effort to help your muscles relax
to attain its natural flexibility. It is therefore helpful that you have a stretching program which
can be done before each game or practice sessions.

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THE BENEFITS OF STRETCHING

(This is define the different kinds of stretch)

1.Increase in Range of Movement-It is constantly and routinely stretch your muscles through
and able to increase both the length of your muscles and tendons, thus increasing the range of
your movement. This helps the limbs and joints to move past if injury is likely occur.

2.Increase in Ability to Execute Skills-It is increasing the overall range of movement,

execute more things, and increase your skill level.
3.Prevent Injury-Refers to the increase of overall range of movement. It also prevents
injuries from joints, tendons and muscles. If the muscles and tendons are flexing together in a
hard and strenuous movement, they are able to work efficiently, but do not get score easily.
This means the muscles the body are able to take an exhausting and rigorous activity without
feeling any muscle pain.
4.Reduce Muscle Tension-Refers to the muscles which is regularly stretched and exercised.
The muscle is not encounter by any sprains. The availability of lactic acid formation in the
muscle is responsible for the sprains encountered. By the player, it also helps preventing the
premature formation of lactic acid in your muscles.
5.Enhance Energy-Refers to the stretching, limits the body movements. This allows you to
become aware of what you can do while playing the game.

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LESSON IX
BASIC SKILLS IN BASKETBALL
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a. Identify the basic skills in basketball;
b. describe the appropriate procedure in executing the different basketball skills;
c. demonstrate the execution of the basketball skills;
d. enumerate and emphasized the importance of basic skills in basketball; and
e. appreciatethe benefits derived from using the appropriate skills in a basketball
game.

“The game of basketball-no matter what the level, the rules, the strategy of the personnel-is
simply a matter of executing fundamentals.”
-Lewis Cole
INTRODUCTION
Basketball is a team game. Where in the players are involved with the process of
playing the game and function as one primary skill created to accomplish the passing. Which
remains one of the most under-taught, under emphasized, and under drilled skill in the game.
Players assume the values that the coach places on each aspect of the game. When
teaching passing, it is important that the coach teach not only the skill, but the mentality as
well. Too many players think of passing as something to do when they don’t have a shot as
opposed to an unselfish act that is designed to include other players
(http://www.breakthroughbasketball.com).

PASSING
Passing is the key to successful basketball. A successful team must be able to handle,
control, and move the ball down court quickly and accurately to create scoring opportunities.
First, learn to catch as well as pass. When the ball is thrown to you, spread the fingers but
keep them relaxed. When the ball hits the fingers, let the arms give slightly toward the body.
When the ball is under control, finger it into the passing position by placing the hands on
each side of the ball so that you can get it away quickly or get set for a shot (Mood et. al
1999).

TYPE OF PASSES
 Air Pass- the pass travels between players without hitting the floor.
 Bounce Passes- the pass is thrown to the floor so that it bounces to the intended
receiver. Each type of pass comes with its own variations.

Basic Variations:
 Chest Pass
 Bounce Pass
 Overhead Pass
TEACHING POINTS
When teaching passing, points of emphasis should be:
 A good pass is a pass a teammate can catch
 When passing, step toward your receiver
 When catching, step toward the pass
 Like shooting, the ball should have a backspin to it. This is accomplished by
following through on every pass.

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BASIC PASSES
A. Chest Pass
The chest pass is named because the pass originates from the chest. It is thrown by
gripping the ball on the sides with the thumbs directly behind the ball. When the pass is
thrown, the fingers are rotated behind the ball and the thumbs are turned down. The results
follow through the back of the hands facing one another with the thumbs straight down. The
ball should have a nice backspin. When throwing a chest pass, the players should strive to
throw it to the receiver’s chest level. Passes that go low to high or high to low are difficult to
catch.

Simple Procedure
Hold the ball with both hands, elbows close to the body, fingers spread with thumbs
pointed inward. Step toward the receiver and whip the ball with a strong wrist snap and push
of thumbs and fingers, making the arms follow through in the direction of the pass.

B. Bounce Pass
The bounce pass is thrown with the same motion however it is aimed at the floor. It
should be thrown far enough out that the ball bounces waist high to the receiver. Some say try
to throw it ¾ of the way to the receiver, and that may be a good reference point to start, but
each player has to experiment how far to throw it so it bounces to the receiver properly.
Putting a proper and consistent backspin on the pass will make the distance easier to judge.

Simple Procedure

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For the two-handed bounce pass, hold the ball in much the same manner as for the
chest pass except somewhat lower, about waist high. Then push the ball out and down with
enough force and the ball bounces to the teammate. The one-hand bounce pass is often
executed directly from the dribble. The bounce pass should be used for short passes and it
should travel between one half and three quarters of the distance in the air.

C. Overhead Pass
The overhead pass is often used as an outlet pass. Bring the ball directly above your
forehead with both hands on the side of the ball and follow through. Aim for the teammate’s
chin. Some coaches advise not to bring the ball behind your head, because it can get stolen
and it takes a split-second longer to throw the pass.

Simple Procedure
Hold and throw the ball with both hands. Bring the ball well above and slightly
behind the head with both hands and release it with a strong wrist snap and extension of the
arms. Arms and hands follow through the direction of the pass.

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DRIBBLING
Dribbling is the legal method of advancing the ball as opposed passing it to another
player or shooting for the basket. It consists of bouncing the ball on the floor continuously
with one hand while walking or running down the court.
The Dribble allows for much faster advancement and thus more opportunities for
scoring. It also provides an opportunity for a crafty player on the opposing team to “steal” the
ball in the mid-bounce. Once a player stops dribbling the ball and holds it, the player must
either pass it to another player or take a shot; if the player dribbles and then holds the ball in
any way (either grasping it with his hands or arms, or “palming” it, i.e. holding it too much
toward its underside during the act of dribbling) then continues to dribble, then the referee
stops the play, signals either “double dribble” or “carrying”, and turns the ball over to the
other team. A “double dribble” or “carrying” may also be called if the player tries to dribble
with both hands at the same time (en.Wikipedia.org).

You may dribble:

1. To advance the ball up the court
2. To drive the to the hoop
3. To get open for a shot
4. To open up a passing lane, to have a better chance of completing a pass.
5. To get out of a trap
6. To kill the clock at the end of a game

How to dribble
Dribbling should be done with fingers pads and the fingers should be relaxed and
spread, the wrist should be pushing the basketball and the forearms should be moving up and
down. Skilled ball handlers bounce the ball lower to the ground, reducing the risk of a
defender reaching in to stead the ball.
Use your fingertips, not the palms of your hands. Basketball is played on the tips of
your fingers and the balls of your feet. Use your forearm and wrist to bounce the ball. Don’t
look at the ball. Rather keep your head up and eyes forward. You must learn to use either
hand. So when doing drills, always work both hands.

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BASIC TYPE OF DRIBBLING

High Dribble
A high dribble is a normal dribble, usually used when there are no defenders around
you to steal the ball.

Low Dribble
In low dribble, the player keeps the ball low to the floor, thus decreasing the area
between the hand and the floor, making it more difficult to steal.

Speed Dribble
Speed dribble is dribbling the ball faster than usual while achieving some distance in
the court; it is used to advance the ball quickly up the floor, against little or no defensive
pressure. The dribblers hand should be behind the ball pushing it in front, then running to
catch up. This prevents a “palming” or “carrying over” violation. The speed dribble in the
open floor can be a little higher than other dribbles. Control dribble moves should be around
the knee, but a speed dribble can be waist high.

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Crossover “Switch” Dribble

Simply, the crossover dribbles to switch dribbling form one hand to the other, by
bouncing the ball in front of you across to the other side. Then the other hand, pick up the
ball and dribbling with the opposite hand. You can use this dribble to quickly change
direction on the court. For example, you could be on the point, dribbling with your right hand
to the right wing, then suddenly crossover the dribble to the left and drive up the lane.

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SHOOTING
Shootingis the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the
basket, methods varying with players and substitutions.
Typically, a player faces the basket with both feet facing the basket. A player will rest
the ball on the fingertips of the dominant hand (the shooting arm) slightly above the head,
with the other hand supporting the side of the ball. The ball is usually shot by jumping
(through not always) and extending the shooting arm. The shooting arm fully extended with
the wrist fully bent is held stationary for a moment following the release of the ball, known as
a follow through. Players often try to put a steady backspin on the ball to absorb its impact
with the rim. The ideal trajectory of the shot is somewhat controversial, but generally a
proper arc is recommended. Players may shoot directly into the basket or may use the
backboard to redirect the ball into the basket.

The Lay Up
The lay-up is the most basic and high shot in the basketball. This is executed by
bringing up the knee and jumping off from the left foot (for a right handed individual),
leaping high into the air, shifting the ball to the shooting hand, and raising the shooting hand
as high as possible above and in laying it softly against the back-board for the shot and not to
remove the balancing hand too soon.

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REBOUNDING
"There is no glory in rebounding just victory"
-George Raveling
Rebounding is the act of gaining control of a missed shot that comes off the
backboard or rim. In executing a play, the offense can do everything right, and yet the shot
may still bounce off the rim. On the defensive side, making the offense miss a shot is great,
but only if the defense is able to immediately obtains possession of the ball. Rebounding-
regaining control of the ball after a missed shot-is critical skill that will enable both sides to
run and defend the plays with confidence.

BLOCKING OUT

Blocking out(boxing out) is to make contact with an opposing player to establish

rebounding position between the player add the ball. It will increase a player's chance of
grabbing a rebound. As soon as the shot is taken, each defensive player has to locate an
opposing player to block out. This is usually the offensive player he has been assigned to
guard.

The player should be aggressive, and use two hands to grab the rebound, and land and
protect the ball by tracking it near to his chin with his elbows out. The player should then
immediately look for the next scoring or play making opportunity, depending on whether it's
a defensive or offensive rebound. (Dunphy, 2010).

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Defensive Rebound
A defensive rebound is a rebound seized by a defender after a missed shot by an
opposing player. Once in possession of the ball ,the defensive team becomes an offensive
team, and the rebounder typically pivots away from any defender on the ball and then makes
an outlet pass to a ball handler who dribbles the ball past midcourt into the offensive zone.

Offensive Rebound
An offensive rebound is a rebound seized by an offensive player after a missed shot
by his teammate. Offensive rebounds give the offensive team a fresh start toward another
scoring opportunity.

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LESSONX
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a. Identify the different facilities and equipment required in basketball; and
b. familiarize oneself with the specifications of the different facilities and equipment
in basketball.
A.The Basketball Court
The paying court shall have a flat, hard surface free from obstructions with
dimensions of twenty-eight (28) m in length by fifteen (15) m in which measured from the
inner edge of the boundary line.

B. Backcourt
A team's backcourt consists of the team's
own basket, the inbounds part of the backboard
and that part of the playing court limited by the
end line behind the team's own basket, the
sidelines and the centre line.

C. Front court
A team's frontcourt consists of the
appointment's basket, the inbounds part of the
backboard and that part of the playing court
limited by the endline behind the opponent's
basket, the sidelines and the inner edge of the
centre line nearest to the opponent's basket.

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D. Lines
All lines shall be drawn in white color, five (5) cm in width and clearly visible. This
includes the boundary line, centreline, centre circle and free-throw, semi- circles, free-throw
lines, restricted areas and free-throw rebound places, and three-point field goal area.

All court lines on the attached diagram shall be 0.05 m in width.All

red and dotted lines are just auxiliary lines that indicate correct Sideline
measure.

Endline

Team Bench Area Score’s Table Team Bench Area

The boundary line consisting of the sideline and the endline are not part of the playing court

The 3 point lines are not part of the 3 point field goal area

Direction of play
2 point field goal area

3 point field goal area

2 point field goal area

E. Team bench areas

The team bench areas shall be marked outside the playing court limited by two (2)
lines. There must be 14 seats available in the team bench area for the coaches, the assistant
coaches, thecoaches, the substitutes and the team followers. Any other persons shall be at
least two (2) m behind the team bench. (Refer to Figure 1)

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TEAM BENCH
F. Equipment
The following equipment will be required:
● Backstop units ,consisting of:
-Backboards
- Baskets comprising (pressure release) rings and nets
-Backboards support structures including padding

Blackboard
Basket with pressure release ring & net

Blackboard support w/ padding

● Backboard support with paddling

● Backboard
● BasketBasketballs
with pressure release ring and net
● Basketballs
● Game clock
● Score board

● Twenty-four(24) seconds clock

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 Game Clock  Scoreboard  24 seconds clock

● Two separate ,distinctly different and loud sound signals

Sound signal device Sound signal device

● Team foul markers ● Alternating possession arrow

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LESSONXI
RULES, REGULATIONS AND OF TERMINOLOGY OF THE GAME

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a. Familiarize itself with the rules and regulations of the game;
b. familiarize oneself with the common terms used in volleyball; and
c.determine the appropriate rule that applies to specific game situations.

RULES OF THE GAME

Rules often change, so players and coaches must keep abreast of these changes from
time to time. The latest update was approved in April 29, 2012 during the FIBA Central
Board meeting at Rio de Janeiro ,Brazil. The FIBA Official Basketball Rules for 2012 which
took effect October 1, 2012 is the latest reference for both athletes and coaches throughout
the world.
Following are important rules extracted from the FIBA 2012 Rules. For the details
of each rule,the student or coach may refer to the full of the international rule.
1.TEAMS
Each team shall consist of no more than 12 team members entitled to play,including a
captain, a coach and assistant coach. A maximum of 5 team followers who may sit on the
team bench and have special responsibilities ,e. g.
manager ,doctor ,physiotherapist ,statistician ,interpreter ,etc.
Five players from each team shall be on the playing court during the playing time and
may be substituted. A substitute becomes a player and a player becomes substitute when the
official beckons the substitute to enter the playing court,and during a time-out or an interval
of play,a substitute requests the substitution to the scorer.
2. PLAYING REGULATIONS
a. Playing Time
The game shall consist of four (4) periods of ten (10) minutes. There shall be interval
of play of twenty (20) minutes before the game is scheduled to begin. There shall be intervals
of play of two (2) minutes between the first and second period (first half), between the third
and fourth period (second half) and before each extra period. Further, there shall be a half-
time interval of play of fifteen (15) minutes.
b. Status of the ball
The ball becomes alive when:
•During the jump ball, the ball leaves the hand(s) of the referee on the toss.
•During a free-throw, the ball is at the disposal of the free-throw shooter.
•During a throw-in, the ball is at the disposal of the player taking the throw-in.

The ball becomes dead when:

•Any field goal or free throw is made.
•An official blows his whistle while the ball is live.

•It is apparent that the ball will not enter the basket on a free-throw which is to be
followed by:

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o Another free-throw(s)
o A further penalty (free throw(s) or possession).
 The game clock signal sound for the end of the period.
 The twenty-four (24) second clock signal sounds while a team is in control of
the ball.
 The ball in flight on a shot for a field goal is touched by a player from either
team after:
-An official blows his whistle
-The game clock signal sounds for the end of the period.
-The twenty-four (24) second clock signal sounds.

3.VIOLATIONS
Definition
A violation is an infraction of the rules.
Penalty
The ball shall be awarded to the opponents for a throw-in at the place nearest to the
infraction, exceptdirectly behind the backboard unless otherwise stated in the rules.
A player is out-of-bounds when any part of his body is contact with the floor or any object
other than a player, on, above or outside the boundary line.
The ball is out-of-bounds when it touches:
● A player or any other person who is out-of-bounds
● The floor or any object on ,above or outside the boundary line
● The backboard supports, the back of the backboards or any object above the playing
court.

Dribbling
A dribble is the movement of a live ball caused by a player in control that ball who
throws, taps, rolls the ball on the floor or deliberately throws against the backboard.
A player shall not dribble a second time after his first dribble has ended unless between
the (2) dribbles he has lost control of a live ball on the playing court because of:
● A shot for a field goal
● A touch of the ball by an appointment
● A pass or fumble that has touched or been touched by another

Three seconds
A player shall not remain in the opponent's restricted area for more than three (3)
constructive seconds while his team is in control of a live ball in the frontcourt and the game
clock is running.

Twenty-four seconds
Whenever:
● A player gains control of a live ball in his backcourt.
● On a throw-in ,the ball touches or is illegally touched by any player on the
playing court and the team of that player taking the throw-in remains in

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control of the ball, that team must attempt a shot for a field goal within
twenty-four (24) seconds.

Ball returned to the backcourt

The ball goes into a team's backcourt when:
● It touches the backcourt.
● It touches or is legally touched by an offensive player who has part of is body in
contacts with the backcourt.
● It touches an official who has art of his body in contact with the backcourt.

4. FOULS
A foul is an infraction of the rules concerning illegal personal contact with an
opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behaviour.
Any number of fouls may be called against a team. Irrespective of the penalty each
foul shall be charged, entered on the score sheet against the offender and penalised
accordingly.
Personal foul is a player's contact foul with an opponent,whether the ball is alive or
dead. A player shall not block ,push ,charge ,trip ,or impede the progress of an opponent by
extending his hand ,arm,elbow ,shoulder ,hip ,leg, knee or foot ,nor by bending his body into
an 'abnormal' position (outside his cylinder) ,nor shall be indulge in any rough or violently
play.
Double foul is a situation in which two (2) opponents commit personal fouls against each
other at approximately the same time.
Unsportsmanlike foul is a player contact foul which in the judgement of an official is
not a legitimate attempt to directly play the ball within the spirit and intent of the rules.
Disqualifying foul is any flagrantly unsportsmanlike action of a player,substitute,
excludedplayer, coach, assistantcoach, or team follower.
Technical foul is a player non-contact foul of a behavioural in nature including, but
not limited to:
● Disregarding warnings given by officials
● Disrespectfully touching the officials, thecommissioner, the table officials or the team
bench personnel.
● Disrespectfully communicating with the officials, thecommissioner, thetable officials
or the opponents.
● Using language or gestures likely to offend or incite the spectators
● Baiting an opponent or obstructing his vision by waiving his hands near his eyes.
● Excessive swinging of elbows.
● Delaying the game by deliberately touching the ball after it passes through the basket
or by preventing a throw-in from being taken promptly.
● Falling down to fake a foul.
● Hanging on the ring in such a way that the weight of the player is supported by the
ring unless a player grasps the ring momentarily following a dunk shot or ,in the
judgement of an official is trying to prevent injury to himself or to another player.

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Charging is illegal personal contact with or without the ball by pushing or moving
into an opponent's torso.
Blocking is illegal personal contact which impedes the progress of an opponent with
or without the ball.
Holding is illegal personal contact with an opponent that interferes with his freedom
of movement. This contact (holding) can occur with any part of the body.
Pushing is illegal personal contact with any part of the body in which a player
forcibly moves or attempts to move an opponent with or without control of the ball.
Illegal use of the hand (s) or extended arm (s) occurs when defensive player is in a
guarding position and his hand(s) or arm(s) is placed upon and remains in contact with an
opponent with or without the ball, to impede progress.
Illegal guarding from the rear is personal contact with an opponent, by a defensive
player, from behind. The fact that the defensive player is attempting to play the ball does not
justify his contact with an opponent from the rear.
5. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Five fouls by a player
A player who has committed five (5) fouls, personal and/or technical, shall be
informed thereof by an official and must leave the game immediately; he must be substituted
within thirty (30) seconds.

Team fouls:Penalty
A team is in team foul penalty situation when it has committed four(4) team fouls in
a period.

Free throws
A free throw is an opportunity given to a player to score one (1) point,
uncontested from a position behind the free throw line and inside the semi-circle.
When a personal foul is called the free throw(s) shall be awarded as follows:
 The player against whom the foul was committed shall attempt the five throw (s)
 If there is request for him to be substituted, he must attempt the free throw(s) before
leaving the game.
 If he must leave the game due to injury,havingcommitted his five (5) fouls or having
been disqualified, his substitute shall attempt the free throw (so . If no suitable player,
any team mate as designated by his coach shall attempt to free throw(s)
When a technical foul is called,any member of the opponent’s team as designated by
his coach shall attempt the free throws.
CORRECTABLE ERRORS
Officials may correct an error if a rule is inadvertently disregarded in the following
situations only:
•Awarding as unremitted free throw(s)
•Failure to award a merited free throw(s)
•Erroneous awarding or cancelling of a point (s)
•Permitting the payer to attempt a free throw (s)

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6. OFFICIALS TABLE OFFICIALS, COMMISIONERS,DUTIES & POWERS

The officials shall be a referee and one(1) or two (2) umpire (s). They shall be assisted
by the table officials and by a commissioner, ifpresent. The table officials shall be a scorer,
an assistant scorer, a timer and a twenty-four (24) seconds clock operator. The commissioner
shall sit between the scorer and the timer, this primary during the game is to supervise the
work of the table officials and you assist the referee and umpire(s) in the smooth functioning
of the game.
The officials, the table officials and the commissioner shall conduct the game in
accordance with these rules and have no authority to change them. The official's uniform
shall consist of an official's shirt, longblacktrousers, black sacks and black basketball shoes.
The officials and the table official’sshall be uniformly dressed.
A-OFFICIAL’s SIGNALS
A.1 The hand signals illustrated in these rules are the only official signals. They must be used
by all officials in all games.
A.2 It is important that the table officials are familiar with these signals.

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TERMINOLOGIES
 Backcourt- The half of the court a team is defending. It is the opposite of the
frontcourt.
 Bank shot-A shot that hits the backboard before hitting the rim or going through the
net.
 Baseline- It is the line that marks the playing boundary at each end of the court. It is
also called end line.
 Block- To tip or deflect a shooter’s shot, altering its flight so the shot misses.
 Bounce Pass- A pass that bounces once before reaching the receiver.
 Box Out- It is to make contact with an opposing player to establish rebounding
position between the player and the ball.
 Chest Pass- It is a pass thrown from the passer’s chest to a teammate’s chest.
 Control dribble-A dribble maneuver in which the player keeps his body between the
defender’s body and the ball.
 Crossover dribble-It is a dribbling maneuver in which a player dribbles the ball in
front of his body so he can change the ball from one hand to the other.
 Cut-A sudden running movement to get open for pass.
 Defensive rebound- A rebound made off a missed shot at the basket a team is
defending.
 Dribble-To advances the ball by bouncing it on the floor.
 Field goal- It is a 2-point or 3-point basket.
 Foul- It is a violation of the rules.
 Free throw- It is an uncontested shot taken from the free throw line as a result of a
foul.
 Front Court-A team’s often half of the court.
 Hook shot- A one-handed shot taken with a sweeping windmill motion.
 Hoop-It is the basket or rim.
 Jump shot- It is a shot in which the shooter faces the basket and releases the ball after
jumping into the air.
 Layup- A shot taken next to the basket in which the shooter extends his arm, lifts his
same-side knee, and aims the ball at the upper corner of the painted square on the
board.
 Offensive rebound- A rebound at the basket a team is attacking.
 Open stance-Thestance used to play help-sidedefense (feetapart, body balanced,
knees bent, and arms out). It is also called a defensive stance.
 Rebound- A missed shot that comes off the backboard or rim.
 Speed dribble-A dribbling maneuver in which the player pushes the ball ahead of her
and bounces it at chest height.
 3-Point arc- It is a line drawn on the court 19feet, 19 inches from the basket.
 3-Point shot- It is a shot taken from outside the 3-point arc.
 Travelling- A violation that occurs when the player with the ball takes too many steps
without dribbling.
 Zone defense- It is a team defense in which players are assigned to guard specific
areas (or “zones”) of the court.
 Zone offense- A team offense used against a zone defense.

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