1.

List out the differences between E –business and Traditional business with examples

Factor E-Commerce Traditional Commerce

Sales Channel Enterprise - Internet - Manufacturer-Wholesaler-
Consumer Retailer- Consumer

Sales timing /Region Entire world Restricted area

24X7 Restricted sales hour

Sales place/method Market space (Network) Market space (store)

Sale based on information Sale based on display

Customer information Any acquisition through Market survey and salesman

internet Digital data without Require information re-entry
acquisition re-entry

Marketing activity Marketing via bi-directional One way marketing to

communication consumer

Customer support Real time support for Delayed support for customer
customer dissatisfaction. dissatisfaction.

Real time acquisition of Different time for catching

customer needs. customer needs.

Capital requirement Less High

2. Explain the need of E-business with the help of examples.

E-business, or electronic business, refers to conducting business activities online using digital
technologies. The need for e-business can be summarized as follows:

1. Global reach: E-business provides the opportunity to reach a global audience. By establishing
an online presence, businesses can transcend geographical boundaries and target customers
worldwide. For example, e-commerce platforms like Amazon and Alibaba enable businesses to
sell products to customers across the globe, expanding their market reach significantly.

2. 24/7 availability: E-business allows businesses to operate round the clock. With an online
presence, customers can access products, services, and information at any time that is
convenient for them. For instance, online banking services enable customers to manage their
finances and make transactions at any hour of the day.

3. Cost savings: E-business can significantly reduce operational costs. By conducting business
online, businesses can eliminate expenses associated with physical stores, such as rent, utilities,
and staffing. For example, companies like Motorola operate entirely online, eliminating the need
for physical retail stores and reducing overhead costs.
4. Enhanced customer experience: E-business enables businesses to provide personalized
and convenient experiences to customers. Online platforms allow businesses to gather customer
data, track preferences, and deliver tailored recommendations. For instance, streaming services
like Netflix and Spotify use algorithms to provide personalized content recommendations based
on user preferences.

5. Efficient processes: E-business streamlines business processes and improves efficiency.

Online tools and technologies automate tasks such as inventory management, order processing,
and customer support. For example, companies like Shopify provide e-commerce platforms that
automate various aspects of online retail, making it easier for businesses to manage their
inventory, process orders, and handle customer inquiries.

6. Competitive advantage: E-business offers a competitive edge in the digital marketplace.

Businesses that embrace e-business strategies can differentiate themselves from traditional
competitors and attract tech-savvy customers. For example, ride-sharing companies like Uber
and Ola disrupted the traditional taxi industry by leveraging mobile apps and digital platforms for
booking and payment processes.

3. Define the term web services

Web Services: Companies are beginning to extend the idea of application server systems so that
these programs can communicate across organizational boundaries. Although a generally many IT
professionals define Web services as a combination of software tools that let application software in
one organization communicate with server applications over a network by using a specific set of
standard protocols known by their acronyms: SOAP, UDDI and WSDL.

4. Explain the importance of E-marketing.

E-marketing, also known as digital marketing, is crucial for businesses in the digital age. Here are the
key reasons why e-marketing is important:

1. Reach and Targeting: E-marketing allows businesses to reach a global audience and
target specific demographics based on factors like age, location, interests, and behavior. It
provides a broader reach compared to traditional marketing methods.

2. Cost-Effectiveness: E-marketing offers cost-effective options, especially for small

businesses with limited budgets. Digital channels, such as social media, email marketing, and
search engine advertising, often have lower costs compared to traditional advertising.

3. Measurable Results: E-marketing provides valuable insights and measurable results. With
digital analytics tools, businesses can track and analyze various metrics like website traffic,
conversion rates, click-through rates, and engagement levels. This data helps businesses
understand the effectiveness of their marketing efforts and make data-driven decisions.

4. Flexibility: E-marketing allows businesses to quickly adapt and respond to changing market
trends and customer preferences. It offers flexibility in adjusting marketing strategies, targeting
different segments, and experimenting with various campaigns.
 5. Personalization: E-marketing facilitates personalized communication with customers.
Through email marketing, personalized recommendations, and targeted ads, businesses can
deliver tailored messages that resonate with individual customers.

6. Brand Building and Awareness: E-marketing plays a vital role in brand building and
creating brand awareness. Through consistent online presence, content marketing, social
media engagement, and influencer partnerships, businesses can increase their visibility.

7. Integration and Multichannel Approach: E-marketing allows businesses to integrate

various channels and touchpoints for a seamless customer experience. It enables the use of
multiple platforms like websites, social media, mobile apps, and email marketing to reach
customers at different stages of the buyer's journey.

5. Explain the SDLC and the steps involved in it.

The SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is a systematic approach used to develop and manage
software projects.

1. Requirements gathering: The first step involves understanding and documenting the project
requirements by gathering information from stakeholders, end-users, and other sources. This
phase sets the foundation for the entire development process. It includes two types of
requirements:

Functional Requirements: These specify the specific functionalities and features the software
should have, such as user interactions, data handling, system behaviors, business rules, and
integration with other systems.

Non-Functional Requirements: These define the qualities and constraints of the software,
such as performance, usability, security, reliability, compatibility, and compliance.

2. System design: In this phase, the system architecture and design are planned. It includes
creating system models, designing databases, defining software modules, and outlining the
overall structure of the system.

3. Implementation: The actual development of the software takes place in this phase.
Developers write code based on the design specifications, and software components are
integrated. Testing is performed to ensure that the software functions correctly.

4. Testing: The software is rigorously tested to identify and fix any defects or errors. Various
testing techniques, such as unit testing, integration testing, and system testing, are employed
to validate the software's functionality, performance, and reliability.

5. Deployment: Once the software passes all necessary tests, it is deployed or released to the
end-users or customers. This phase involves installation, configuration, and data migration, if
required.

6. Maintenance(70 % of the efforts): After deployment, the software enters the maintenance
phase. This involves addressing user feedback, fixing bugs, and making necessary updates or
enhancements. Maintenance ensures the software remains functional, secure, and up-to-date.
6. Explain the significance of Web 2.0

Web 2.0 refers to the second generation of the World Wide Web that introduced interactive and user-
generated content. It shifted the internet from a static and information-centric platform to a dynamic
and participatory environment. The significance of Web 2.0 can be summarized as follows:

1. User participation: Web 2.0 encourages active user participation, allowing individuals to
create and share content easily. It enables user-generated content through platforms such as
social media, blogs, wikis, and video-sharing websites. This shift in user participation has
democratized online communication and empowered individuals to express their opinions.

2. Social networking: Web 2.0 brought about the rise of social networking platforms like
Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. These platforms revolutionized how people connect,
communicate, and share information.

3. Collaboration and knowledge sharing: Web 2.0 technologies promote collaboration

and knowledge sharing on a global scale. Platforms like wikis and online forums enable
collective intelligence, allowing users to collaborate on projects, share expertise, and build
upon each other's ideas.

4. Rich user experiences: Web 2.0 introduced dynamic and interactive web applications that
provide richer user experiences. Features like AJAX, JavaScript, and responsive design
enable websites to deliver responsive and interactive interfaces, enhancing usability and
engagement. This has paved the way for immersive web experiences, multimedia content,
and personalized interactions.

5. Business opportunities: Web 2.0 has opened up new avenues for businesses to engage
with customers, promote their products and services, and gather valuable insights. It has
enabled targeted advertising, social media marketing, and customer feedback mechanisms.

7. Explain the different types of E-business models with its advantages and disadvantages.

1) Business 2 Business Model (B2B)

Business-To-Business is a transaction that occurs between two companies, as opposed to a
transaction involving a consumer. The term may also describe a company that provides goods or
services for another company.

Advantages of B2B Model:

1. It can efficiently maintain the movement of the supply chain and the manufacturing and procuring
processes.
2. It can automate corporate processes to deliver the right products and services quickly and cost-
effectively.
3. B2B is a global trade market where we can buy anything at any time.
4. Creates new sales opportunities
5. It lowers the search costs and time for buyers to find products and vendors
6. Reduces marketing and sales costs
7. Provides for efficient customer service
8. Increases opportunities for collaboration
9. Enables customized online catalogues with different prices for different customers
Disadvantages of B2B Model:
1. Delay of goods where the earliest to receive goods woudbe the next day
2. Some goods cannot be purchased online such as perishable items
3. Unable to experience the product before purchasing
4. Fraudulent websites and seams
5. Security issues leading to credit card fraud or identity theft.

2) Business- to- Consumer (B2C)

B2C, or business-to-consumer, is the type of commerce transaction in which businesses sell products
or services to consumers. More recently, the term B2C refers to the online selling of products, or e-
tailing, in which manufacturers or retailers sell their products to consumers over the Internet. B2C-
Represents the vast majority of e-Commerce web sites online.

Advantages of B2C Model:

1) For Business
a. worldwide market reach
b. Display of product information with colourful advertisement.
c. Easy order processing
d. Low or no overhead

2) For the Consumers

a. Convenience to customers
b. More choices for consumers

Disadvantages of B2C:
1) To Business
a. Many websites offering same product
b. Technological problems in website
c. Lack of security norms

2) To consumer
a. Lack of security norms
b. Unsatisfied customers

3) Consumer to Consumer (C2C) Model

C2C, or customer-to-customer, or consumer-to-consumer, is a business model that facilitates the
transaction of products or services between customers.

Advantages of C2C Model:

1. Customers can directly contact sellers and eliminate the middle man.
2. Anyone can now sell and advertise a product in the convenience of one's home.
3. Sellers can reach both national and international customers and greatly increase their market.
4. Feedback on the purchased product helps both the seller and potential customers.
5. The transactions occur at a swift rate with the use of online payment systems such as PayPal

Disadvantages of C2C Model:

1. Although online auctions allow one to display his or her products, there is often a fee associated
with such exhibitions.
2. The number of Internet-related auction frauds has also increased
3. Identity theft has become a rising issue.
4. Numerous cases have been documented in which users find unknown charges on their credit card
statements and withdrawals in their bank statements after purchasing something online.
5. Illegal or restricted products and services have been found on auction sites.

4) Consumer - to - Business (C2B)

Consumer to business e-commerce means transactions taking place between consumers to business
organizations. The C2B model completely transposes the traditional business-to-consumer (B2C)
model, where a business produces services and products for consumer consumption.

5) Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
P2P is not only an E-commerce type but also a technology that allows people to share computer files
and computer resources without going through a central web server. The required software should be
installed by both sides so that they can communicate on the common platform.
As from the beginning this type of e-commerce has been launched to the free usage, it has quite low
revenue. It consists in mutual help of consumers. The main disadvantage of this model of transaction
often entangles cyber laws.

6) Government-to Consumer (G2C) model:

In this model the government transacts with an individual consumer. For example, a government can
enforce laws pertaining to tax payments on individual consumers over the Internet by using the G2C
model.

7) Consumer-to-Government (C2G) model:

In this model, an individual consumer interacts with the government. For example, a consumer can
pay his income tax or house tax online. The transactions involved in this case are C2G transactions.

8) Business-to-Government (B2G) model: In this model, an individual Business firms interacts with
the government. For example, a business firm can pay its income tax or corporate tax online. The
transactions involved in this case are B2G transactions.

8. Explain the term how “marketing revolutionizes digital revolution”

-Marketing Revolutionizes Digital Promotion

E-marketing, also known as electronic marketing or digital marketing, refers to the use of digital
channels, such as the internet, social media, email, search engines, and mobile devices, to promote
products, services, or brands, and engage with customers. E-marketing encompasses a wide range
of activities, including online advertising, content creation, social media marketing, email marketing,
search engine optimization (SEO), search engine marketing (SEM), and analytics and
measurement.

E-marketing has become increasingly popular due to the widespread use of the internet and digital
devices, which have transformed how businesses interact with customers and market their offerings.
It offers numerous benefits, including the ability to reach a global audience, target specific customer
segments, measure and track marketing efforts, and engage with customers in real-time.

Some common strategies and techniques used in e-marketing include

1. Website Creation and Optimization
2. Social Media Marketing
3. Content Marketing
4. Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
5. Paid Online Advertising
6. Email Marketing
Effective e-marketing requires a solid understanding of the digital landscape, consumer behavior, and
the use of analytics and data-driven insights to continuously optimize marketing efforts. It is a rapidly
evolving field that requires businesses to stay updated with the latest digital marketing trends and
best practices to remain competitive in today's digital age.

9. Give a brief history of E-commerce

Histroy of E-commerce:

In 1960 Electronic Data Interchage(EDI) relpaced the traditional mailing and faxing of documents.

Further, teleshopping was introduced which was widely used upto 1982. In 1982, minitel with the
help of videotex terminal was introduced and was used upto 1991.

In the year 1990 web server and web browser was developed.

Internet was introduced in 1991 for trading purpose and many business entities started to operate
online. Further google and yahoo seach engines popularised online activities.

After the year 2000, security reforms took place for online activities which increased the
volume of e-business and at present it is continuing with the use of internet in smart phones,
tablets, etc.

10. What do you understand by the term EFT

Electronic Fund Transfer

It is a very popular electronic payment method to transfer money from one bank account to another
bank account. Accounts can be in same bank or different bank. Fund transfer can be done using ATM
(Automated Teller Machine) or using computer.

Now a day, internet based EFT is getting popularity. In this case, customer uses website provided by
the bank. Customer logins to the bank's website and registers another bank account. He/she then
places a request to transfer certain amount to that account. Customer's bank transfers amount to
other account if it is in same bank otherwise transfer request is forwarded to ACH (Automated
Clearing House) to transfer amount to other account and amount is deducted from customer's
account. Once amount is transferred to other account, customer is notified of the fund transfer by the
bank.

11. Explain the knowledge management system for e-business

Knowledge management system for e business

A knowledge management system for e-business is a digital platform or software that enables
organizations to capture, organize, store, and share knowledge and information related to their e-
business operations. It helps businesses manage their digital assets, data, and information
effectively, and provides tools and features to facilitate collaboration, knowledge sharing, and
decision-making in the context of e-business activities.

Some key features of a knowledge management system for e-business may include:
 1. Content creation and organization: The system should allow businesses to create, organize,
and manage content such as articles, documents, images, videos, and other digital assets
related to e-business operations. Content should be easily searchable and categorized for
easy retrieval and use.

2. Collaboration and knowledge sharing: The system should facilitate collaboration among
team members, allowing them to share knowledge, insights, and best practices related to e-
business operations. This can be through features such as discussion boards, forums, wikis,
and shared documents.

3. Search and retrieval: The system should have robust search capabilities that enable users to
quickly find and retrieve relevant information from the knowledge repository. This can include
advanced search filters, metadata tagging, and keyword-based search functionality.

4. Analytics and insights: The system may provide analytics and reporting features that allow
businesses to track and analyze data related to their e-business operations. This can include
metrics such as website traffic, user engagement, conversion rates, and other key
performance indicators (KPIs) to inform decision-making and optimize e-business strategies.

5. Integration with other tools and systems: The knowledge management system should be
able to integrate with other e-business tools and systems, such as e-commerce platforms,
customer relationship management (CRM) software, and marketing automation tools, to
streamline processes and enable seamless information exchange.

6. Security and access control: As e-business involves sensitive data, the knowledge
management system should have robust security features, such as user authentication, role-
based access control, and data encryption, to protect against unauthorized access and data
breaches.

7. Training and support: The system should provide training resources and support to help
users effectively utilize the platform and maximize its value for e-business operations. This can
include documentation, tutorials, and customer support services.

12. Define E – Customer relationship management

E-Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) is a business strategy that leverages electronic

channels, particularly the internet, to manage and enhance relationships with customers. It
encompasses the principles and practices of traditional Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
but focuses on digital platforms and technologies.

E-CRM involves the use of various online tools, such as websites, email marketing, social media, and
mobile applications, to interact with customers, gather information, analyze data, and personalize
communication. It aims to improve customer satisfaction, increase loyalty, and drive
profitability by delivering tailored experiences and addressing customer needs more effectively.
13. Explain the importance of E-Supply Chain management

E-Supply Chain Management (E-SCM) refers to the application of electronic technologies and
platforms to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of supply chain operations. It
encompasses the digitization and integration of various processes, including procurement, inventory
management, logistics, and distribution.

The importance of E-SCM lies in its ability to streamline supply chain operations, optimize resource
utilization, and improve overall supply chain performance. Here are a few key points highlighting its
significance:

1. Improved visibility and transparency: E-SCM provides real-time visibility into the entire
supply chain, allowing businesses to track inventory levels, monitor shipments, and gain
insights into the status of orders. This enhanced visibility enables better coordination,
reduces delays, and minimizes the risk of stockouts or overstocks.

2. Enhanced collaboration and communication: E-SCM facilitates seamless collaboration

among supply chain partners, including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers.
Through electronic platforms, stakeholders can exchange information, share forecasts, and
coordinate activities more efficiently. This collaborative approach leads to better demand
forecasting, inventory planning, and overall supply chain synchronization.

3. Efficient inventory management: By leveraging electronic systems, businesses can

optimize inventory levels, reduce carrying costs, and minimize stock obsolescence. E-
SCM enables businesses to track inventory in real-time, automate replenishment processes,
and implement just-in-time inventory strategies, resulting in improved inventory turnover and
cost savings.

4. Streamlined procurement processes: E-SCM simplifies and automates procurement

activities, such as supplier selection, purchase order processing, and invoice
management. It enables businesses to leverage e-procurement systems and online
marketplaces, improving efficiency, reducing paperwork, and enhancing accuracy in
procurement transactions.

5. Enhanced customer satisfaction: E-SCM enables businesses to deliver faster and more
accurate order fulfillment, leading to improved customer satisfaction. By optimizing supply
chain processes, businesses can ensure on-time delivery, accurate order tracking, and
efficient customer service, ultimately enhancing the customer experience.
14. Difference between static web page and dynamic web page

Type Static Web Page Dynamic Web Page

Content Fixed content that remains the Content can change dynamically
same for all users based on user interaction or input

Data Data is pre-defined and Data can be retrieved from

embedded in the page databases or external sources

Interactivity Limited or no interactivity High interactivity and user

engagement

Customization Limited customization options Tailored content and personalized

user experience

Maintenance Easy to maintain as content is Requires ongoing maintenance to

static handle dynamic content and
updates

Performance Fast loading times as there Performance can vary depending

are no server-side processing on the complexity of dynamic
elements

Examples Brochure websites, E-commerce sites, social media

informational pages platforms, web applications

15. Explain the term SRS

SRS stands for Software Requirements Specification. It is a document that describes the
functional and non-functional requirements of a software system. The SRS serves as a formal
agreement between the stakeholders (such as clients, developers, and users) regarding what the
software system should do.

The purpose of an SRS is to provide a clear and detailed understanding of the software requirements
to all parties involved in the development process. It serves as a reference for the software
development team to design, implement, and test the system.
Typically, an SRS document includes the following sections:

1. Introduction: Provides an overview of the software system, its purpose, and the intended
audience.

2. Scope: Defines the boundaries of the software system and describes what is included and
excluded from the project.

3. Functional Requirements: Describes the specific features, functions, and capabilities that the
software system should possess.

4. Non-functional Requirements: Specifies the qualities and constraints of the software system,
such as performance, reliability, usability, security, and scalability.

5. User Interfaces: Describes the graphical or textual interfaces that users will interact with when
using the software system.

6. System Architecture: Provides an overview of the high-level structure and components of the
software system.

7. Data Management: Explains how data will be stored, accessed, and managed within the
software system.

8. Testing Requirements: Outlines the testing approach, including test cases and scenarios, to
ensure the software system meets the specified requirements.

9. Constraints: Identifies any limitations, dependencies, or constraints that may impact the
development or implementation of the software system.

10. Assumptions and Dependencies: Lists any assumptions made during the requirements
gathering process and identifies external systems or components the software system
depends on.

11. Glossary: Defines any technical terms or acronyms used throughout the document to ensure
consistent understanding.

16. Explain the term digital business architecture

Digital Business Architecture refers to the framework and structure that organizations use
to align their business strategies, processes, technologies, and resources in the digital era.
It involves designing and optimizing business models, processes, and capabilities to leverage
digital technologies and achieve business goals.

In a digital business architecture, the focus is on utilizing digital technologies, such as cloud
computing, data analytics, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and mobile
applications, to transform and enhance various aspects of a business. It encompasses both the
internal operations of the organization and its interactions with customers, partners, and suppliers
in the digital ecosystem.
17. What do you understand by the term E-procurement

E-procurement, short for electronic procurement, refers to the use of digital technologies and
internet-based platforms to automate and streamline the procurement process within
organizations. It involves the electronic exchange of procurement-related information, such as
purchase requisitions, requests for proposals, quotes, purchase orders, and invoices,
between buyers and suppliers.

E-procurement aims to improve the efficiency, transparency, and cost-effectiveness of

procurement activities. By digitizing and automating manual procurement processes,
organizations can reduce paperwork, eliminate manual errors, enhance collaboration with
suppliers, and gain better control and visibility over their procurement operations.

18. Explain the different E-commerce strategies.

Some common strategies and techniques used in e-marketing include

1. Website Creation and Optimization: Developing and maintaining an e-commerce website that
is user-friendly, visually appealing, and optimized for search engines. This includes ensuring
easy navigation, secure payment processing, mobile responsiveness, and compelling
product descriptions.

2. Social Media Marketing: Utilizing popular social media platforms such as Facebook,
Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn to build brand awareness, engage with customers, share
updates and promotions, and drive traffic to the e-commerce website. This involves posting
regular content, running targeted ad campaigns, and fostering a community of loyal
followers.

3. Content Marketing: Creating and distributing valuable and relevant content through blogs,
articles, videos, infographics, and other formats. Content marketing helps to establish the
business as an authority in the industry, attract and educate potential customers, and improve
search engine visibility.

4. Search Engine Optimization (SEO): Optimizing the e-commerce website's content, structure,
and technical elements to improve its visibility and ranking on search engine results pages
(SERPs). This involves keyword research, on-page optimization, backlink building, and
ensuring a fast and user-friendly website experience.

5. Paid Online Advertising: Running paid advertising campaigns on platforms like Google Ads,
social media ads, and display networks to reach a broader audience, drive targeted traffic to the
website, and increase conversions. Pay-per-click (PPC) advertising allows businesses to set
budgets, target specific demographics, and track the effectiveness of their campaigns.

6. Email Marketing: Building an email subscriber list and leveraging it to send targeted
messages, promotions, personalized recommendations, and updates to customers and
prospects. Email marketing is effective for nurturing leads, driving repeat purchases, and
maintaining customer loyalty.
19. Explain the benefits of SEO.

Here are some key benefits of SEO:

1. Increased Website Traffic: SEO helps improve the organic (non-paid) rankings of a website
on search engine results pages (SERPs). Higher rankings lead to increased visibility, which in
turn drives more targeted traffic to the website. By optimizing the website's content and
structure, SEO helps businesses attract qualified visitors who are actively searching for their
products or services.

2. Enhanced User Experience: SEO involves optimizing various elements of a website,

including its load speed, mobile responsiveness, user-friendly navigation, and overall usability.
By improving these aspects, businesses can create a positive user experience, making it
easier for visitors to navigate and engage with the website. This, in turn, can lead to higher
engagement, longer session durations, and lower bounce rates.

3. Brand Credibility and Trust: Appearing prominently in search engine results instills trust and
credibility in potential customers. Users tend to perceive websites on the first page of search
results as more authoritative and reliable. By optimizing the website and improving its
rankings, SEO helps businesses build a strong online presence, establish credibility, and
differentiate themselves from competitors.

4. Targeted Audience: SEO allows businesses to target specific keywords or search queries
that align with their products or services. By optimizing website content and meta tags for
relevant keywords, businesses can attract highly targeted traffic. This means reaching users
who are actively looking for what the business offers, increasing the likelihood of conversions
and sales.

5. Cost-Effective Marketing: SEO is a cost-effective marketing strategy compared to traditional

advertising methods. While there may be initial investments in optimizing the website and
creating high-quality content, the ongoing cost of maintaining organic rankings is relatively low.
Once a website achieves a favorable position in search results, businesses can benefit from
continuous traffic and visibility without paying for each click or impression.

6. Long-Term Results: Unlike some short-term marketing tactics, SEO provides long-lasting
results. While it requires continuous efforts to maintain and improve rankings, the impact of
SEO work can extend over an extended period. By consistently optimizing the website and
keeping up with industry trends, businesses can secure a strong online presence and enjoy
sustained organic traffic.

7. Competitive Advantage: In highly competitive industries, SEO can provide a competitive

edge. By outranking competitors in search results, businesses can capture a larger share of
the online market. Ranking higher than competitors can also influence customer perceptions
and increase the likelihood of users choosing the business's products or services over others.
20. Explain the steps and considerations to be included in E-Business design

When designing an e-business, there are several steps and considerations to keep in mind. Here
are the key elements to include in the e-business design process:

1. Define Business Objectives: Clearly identify the goals and objectives of the e-business.
Determine what you want to achieve, whether it's increasing sales, expanding market reach,
improving customer service, or enhancing operational efficiency.

2. Identify Target Audience: Understand your target audience and their needs, preferences,
and online behaviors. Define buyer personas to create tailored experiences and targeted
marketing strategies.

3. Choose a Suitable E-Business Model: Select an e-business model that aligns with your
products or services. Options include B2B (Business-to-Business), B2C (Business-to-
Consumer), C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer), or a combination thereof.

4. Develop a User-Friendly Website: Design a user-friendly website that provides intuitive

navigation, clear product descriptions, easy checkout processes, and responsive design for
seamless viewing across devices.

5. Secure E-Commerce Platform: Implement a secure and reliable e-commerce platform that
ensures the safety of customer data and transactions. Choose a platform that offers robust
payment gateways, SSL encryption, and compliance with industry standards.

6. Implement Content Management System (CMS): Utilize a CMS to manage and update
website content effectively. This allows for easy creation and publishing of product information,
blog posts, promotional content, and other relevant material.

7. Optimize for Search Engines (SEO): Incorporate search engine optimization strategies to
improve website visibility and rankings on search engine results pages. Focus on keyword
research, on-page optimization, link building, and content optimization for improved organic
traffic.

8. Integrate Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Implement a CRM system to

effectively manage customer interactions, track sales, and gather customer insights. This helps
in nurturing customer relationships, personalizing experiences, and improving customer
satisfaction.

9. Establish Strong Security Measures: Prioritize data security and implement robust
measures to protect customer information and prevent cyber threats. This includes using
secure payment gateways, SSL certificates, and regular security audits.

10. Develop Marketing and Promotional Strategies: Create a comprehensive marketing plan
that encompasses digital advertising, social media marketing, content marketing, email
campaigns, influencer partnerships, and other promotional tactics to drive traffic and increase
conversions.
21. Explain the significance of E-commerce technology

Importance/ significance/Features of E-Commerce Technology:

1. Improved sales

2. Improved responsiveness

3. Efficient inventory management

4. Increased Efficiency and effectiveness

5. Planning and execution

6. Extended market space

7. Service availability and global reach

8. Sets universal standards

9. Interactivity and support

10. Information density

11. Personalisation or customization

22. Explain Web auction with its advantages and disadvantages

WEB AUCTIONS (Online Auctions):

A web auction is an online auction which is held over the internet. Web auctions remove the
physical limitations of traditional auctions such as geography, presence, time, space and
target much wider audience. Some of the major online auction sites are ebay, craigslist.

Advantages of Online auctions:

1. No fixed time constraint
2. Flexible time limits
3. No geographical limitations
4. Offers highly intensive social interactions
5. Includes a large numbers of sellers and bidders, which encourages a high-volume online business

Disadvantages of Online auctions are:

1. Unlawful actions are also carried on in internet.
2. Sometimes there is delay in delivery of goods.

23. Define the term Virtual communities and its types

VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES:
A virtual community is a community of people sharing common interests, ideas, and feelings
over the internet or other collaborative networks. In a virtual community group of individuals interact
through specific social media, potentially crossing geographical and political boundaries in
order to pursue mutual interests or goals.
Types of virtual communities:

1) Internet message boards - An online message board is a forum where people can discuss
thoughts or ideas on various topics. Online message centres allow users to choose which thread, or
board of discussion, users would like to read or contribute to. A user will start a discussion by making
a post on a thread other users who choose to respond can follow the discussion by adding their own
post to that thread.

2) Online chat rooms - Just after the rise of interest in message boards and forums, people started
to want a way of communicating with their "communities" in real time. The disadvantage to message
boards was that people would have to wait until another user replied to their posting. The
development of online chat rooms allowed people to talk to whoever was online at the same time they
were. This way, messages were sent and online users could immediately respond back.

3) Virtual worlds - Virtual worlds are the most interactive of all virtual community forms. In this group
of members form a online team and play games against other online teams in certain games .
Characters within the world can talk to one another and have almost the same interactions people
would have in reality. GameTZ.com is an online game, music, movie, and book trading community.

4) Social network services - Social networking services are the most prominent type of virtual
community. They are either a website or software platform that focuses on creating and maintaining
relationships. Face book, Twitter, and Myspace are all virtual communities. With these sites, one
often creates a profile or account, and adds friends or follows friends.

24. What is web portal and the types of it

WEB PORTAL:

A web portal is specially-designed Web page at a website which brings information together
from diverse sources in a uniform way. A Web portal refers to a Web site or service that offers
a broad array of resources and services, such as e-mail, forums, search engines, links to other
sites, and online shopping malls.

The first Web portals were online services, such as AOL, that provided access to the Web, but by
now most of the traditional search engines have transformed themselves into Web portals to attract
and keep a larger audience. Examples: AOL, Excite, Netvibes, Google, MSN, Yahoo!.

Types of Web Portals:

1) Vertical Portals
These are web portals which focus only on one specific industry, domain or vertical Vertical portals
provide tools, information, articles, research and statistics on the specific industry or vertical. As the
web has become a standard tool for business.

2) Horizontal Portals
These are web portals which focus on a wide array of interests and topics. They focus on general
audience and try to present something for everybody. Horizontal portals try act as an entry point of a
web surfer into the internet, providing content on the topic of interest and guiding towards the right
direction to fetch more related resources and information.
3) Enterprise Portals
These are portals developed and maintained for use by members of the intranet or the enterprise
network. The most common implementation of enterprise portals focus on providing employees with
this information on a regularly updated manner along with document management system, availability
of applications on demand, online training courses and web casts etc along with communication in
the form of emails, messaging, web meetings etc.

4) Knowledge Portals
Knowledge portals increase the effectiveness of knowledge workers by providing easy access to
information that is necessary or helpful to them in one or more specific roles. Knowledge portals are
not mere intranet portals since the former are supposed to provide extra functionality such as
collaboration services, sophisticated information discovery services and
a knowledge map.

5) Corporate Portals
A corporate portal provides personalized access to an appropriate range of information about a
particular company. As opposed to public web portals, corporate portals aim at providing a virtual
workplace for each individual using them - executives, employees, suppliers, customers, third-party
service providers.

6) Market space portals

Market space portals exist to support the business-to-business and business-to-customer
ecommerce, software support for e-commerce transactions and ability to find and access rich on
information about the products on sale also, ability to participate in discussion groups with other
vendors and/or buyers

7) Search portals
Search portals aggregate results from several search engines into one page.

25. Explain the term corporate portal

Corporate Portals
A corporate portal provides personalized access to an appropriate range of information about a
particular company. As opposed to public web portals, corporate portals aim at providing a virtual
workplace for each individual using them - executives, employees, suppliers, customers, third-party
service providers.