Physical Features of India - Notes
Physical Features of India - Notes
Physical Features of India - Notes
India
Grade 09
Class Notes
Physical Features of India
1 Physical Features
02
Physical Features of India
7 The Islands
3.1 The Lakshadweep
3.2 Andaman and Nicobar Islands
03
1 Physical Features
04
1.3 Physiographic Divisions of India
The Himalayan
mountains
The northern
plains
The peninsular
plateau
The islands
05
2 The Himalayan Mountains
Northward
movement of Indo-
Australian plate
06
2 The Himalayan Mountains
Geologically: Young
Length: 2,400 km
Width: 150 km in
Arunachal Pradesh
07
2 Divisions of Himalayas
• Northernmost: Inner
Himalayas or Himadri
• Continuous range;
home to the loftiest
peaks
• Average height: 6,000 m
• Core composed of
granite
• Most rugged,
discontinuous; also called
the Himachal
• Altitude: 3,700-4,500 m
• Width: 50 km
• Outermost range of
the Himalayas
• Formation of duns,
e.g., Dehradun
08
2 The Himalayan Mountains
Punjab Himalayas
Between Indus and Sutlej
Kumaon Himalayas
Between Sutlej and Kali
Nepal Himalayas
Between Kali and Teesta
Assam Himalayas
Between Teesta and
Dihang
09
2 The Himalayan Mountains
10
3 The Northern Plains
Punjab
plains
Brahmaputra
plains
Ganga
plains
11
3 The Northern Plains
2. Terai
• It is just south of the bhabar region.
• All the streams that disappeared in the
bhabar region reappear in the terai region.
• It is wet, swampy, and marshy.
• It is a heavily forested region with rich
wildlife
3. Bhangar
• It was formed in the past when the
Himalayan rivers were changing
course.
• It is found away from the rivers and
has terrace-like structure
• It is composed of older alluvium.
• Higher concentration of kankar
nodules
• It is less fertile.
4. Khadar
• It was formed in the recent times by
the deposition of rivers.
• It is found near rivers in floodplains.
• It is composed of newer alluvium.
• Lower concentration of kankar
nodules
• It is very fertile.
12
4 The Peninsular Plateau
13
4 The Peninsular Plateau
4.3 Division
Peninsular plateau: The Indian plateau is mainly
divided into central highlands and the Deccan plateau.
Lie to the north of river Narmada The Aravallis to the north-east, the
Vindhayan range to the souh.
15
5 The Indian Desert
Barchans: Crescent-shaped
dunes, Jaiselmer
16
6 The Coastal Plains
17
7 The Islands
Old name:
Laccadiver,
Minicoy, and
Amindive (1973)
18
7.2 Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Equatorial climate
• Thick forest cover
• Great diversity of
flora and fauna
Important Questions
Question 1:
What are the three major divisions of the Himalayas from
north to south?
Question 2:
What are the major physiographic divisions of India?
Explain any two.
Question 3:
Distinguish between each of the following:
19