Electronic Control Modules PDF
Electronic Control Modules PDF
Electronic Control Modules PDF
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Possible Causes
Diagnostic Test
NOTE: Make sure the Battery is in good condition. Using the Midtronics Battery Tester, test the Battery
before continuing.
NOTE: Inspect the vehicle for after market accessories that may exceed the Generator System output.
NOTE: Make sure the generator drive belt is in good operating condition.
NOTE: Inspect the fuses in the IPM. If an open fuse is found, use the wire diagram/schematic as a guide,
inspect the wiring and connectors for damage.
Turn the ignition on.
With the scan tool, read active PCM DTC’s.
Does the scan tool display any active PCM DTC’s?
Yes >> (Refer to 9 - ENGINE - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING) for the diagnostic test procedure.
No >> Check the above conditions that can cause a low voltage condition. Repair as necessary.
Perform BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1. (Refer to BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1).
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSTICS 8E - 5
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INCORRECT VIN PROGRAMMED IN PCM
FRONT CONTROL MODULE
Diagnostic Test
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FRONT CONTROL MODULE
Diagnostic Test
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FRONT CONTROL MODULE NOT CONFIGURED CORRECTLY
FRONT CONTROL MODULE
Diagnostic Test
U0001-CAN C BUS
Possible Causes
Diagnostic Test
13. (D65) CAN C BUS (+) CIRCUIT SHORTED TO (D64) CAN C BUS (-) CIRCUIT
Measure the resistance between the (D65) CAN C Bus (+) circuit and
the (D64) CAN C Bus (-) circuit.
Is any resistance present?
Yes >> Repair the (D65) CAN C Bus (+) circuit for a short to the
(D64) CAN C Bus (-) circuit.
Perform BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1. (Refer to
BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1).
No >> Inspect the wiring and connectors for damage or shorted
circuits. If ok, replace and program the Front Control Mod-
ule in accordance with the service information.
Perform BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1. (Refer to
BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1).
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSTICS 8E - 19
U0019-CAN B BUS
Possible Causes
Diagnostic Test
No >> Disconnect each CAN B Bus module one at a time while observing the resistance to determine if the
short is caused by an internal short within a module. Replace the module, in accordance with the ser-
vice information, that when disconnected eliminates the short to ground. If the short condition is still
present with all CAN B Bus modules disconnected use the Wiring Diagrams to help isolate and repair
the (D54) CAN B Bus (-) circuit for a short to ground.
Perform the BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1. (Refer to BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1).
9. (D55) CAN B BUS (+) CIRCUIT SHORTED TO THE (D54) CAN B BUS (-) CIRCUIT
Turn the ignition off.
Disconnect the Front Control Module C1 harness connector.
Measure the resistance between the (D55) CAN B Bus (+) circuit and
(D54) CAN B Bus (-) circuit.
Is any resistance present?
Yes >> Disconnect each CAN B Bus module one at a time while
observing the resistance to determine if the short is caused
by an internal short within a module. Replace the module,
in accordance with the service information, that when dis-
connected eliminates the short between the two circuits. If
the short condition is still present with all CAN B Bus mod-
ules disconnected use the Wiring Diagrams to help isolate
and repair the (D55) CAN B Bus (+) circuit for a short to
the (D54) CAN B Bus (-) circuit.
Perform the BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1. (Refer
to BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1).
No >> Inspect the wiring and connectors for damage. If ok, replace and program the Front Control Module in
accordance with the service information. Perform the BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1. (Refer to
BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1).
8E - 24 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSTICS LX
Possible Causes
Diagnostic Test
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Diagnostic Test
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Diagnostic Test
3. VERIFY THAT THE SHIFTER LEVER ASSEMBLY (NAG 1 ONLY) OR IF APPLICABLE THE ELECTRONIC
SHIFT MODULE (COLUMN NAG 1) IS ACTIVE ON THE BUS
Turn the ignition on.
With the scan tool, select ECU View.
Verify that the Shifter Lever Assembly (NAG 1 Only) or if applicable the Electronic Shift Module (Column NAG 1) is
active on the bus.
Is the Shifter Lever Assembly (NAG 1 Only) or if applicable the Electronic Shift Module (Column NAG
1) active on the bus?
Yes >> Go To 4
No >> Refer to the Table of Contents located in this section for a no response test procedure.
Perform BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1. (Refer to BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1).
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4. SHIFTER LEVER ASSEMBLY (NAG1 ONLY) OR ELECTRONIC SHIFT MODULE (COLUMN NAG1)—
INTERNAL SHORT
Turn the ignition off.
NOTE: If the vehicle is not equipped with a NAG1 controller then skip this step.
Disconnect the Shifter Lever Assembly or Electronic Shift Module harness connector.
Turn the ignition on.
With the scan tool, record and erase FCM DTC’s.
Cycle the ignition from on to off 3 times.
Turn the ignition on.
With the scan tool, read active FCM DTC’s.
Does the scan tool display U1106–CAN C SIGNAL MISSING as active?
Yes >> Go To 5
No >> Inspect the wiring and connectors for damage or shorted circuits. If ok, replace and program the Shifter
Lever Assembly in accordance with the service information.
Perform NAG1 TRANSMISSION VERIFICATION TEST - VER 1.
12. (D65) CAN C BUS (+) CIRCUIT SHORTED TO (D64) CAN C BUS (-) CIRCUIT
Measure the resistance between the (D65) CAN C Bus (+) circuit and
the (D64) CAN C Bus (-) circuit.
Is any resistance present?
Yes >> Repair the (D65) CAN C Bus (+) circuit for a short to the
(D64) CAN C Bus (-) circuit.
Perform BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1. (Refer to
BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1).
No >> Inspect the wiring and connectors for damage or shorted
circuits. If ok, replace and program the Front Control Mod-
ule in accordance with the service information.
Perform BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1. (Refer to
BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1).
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSTICS 8E - 117
Possible Causes
Diagnostic Test
7. (D55) CAN B BUS (+) CIRCUIT SHORTED TO THE (D54) CAN B BUS (-) CIRCUIT
Measure the resistance between the (D55) CAN B Bus (+) circuit and
(D54) CAN B Bus (-) circuit.
NOTE: Ensure each CAN B Bus module is disconnected at this
time.
Is any resistance present?
Yes >> Repair the (D55) CAN B Bus (+) circuit for a short to the
(D54) CAN B Bus (-) circuit.
Perform BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1. (Refer to
BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1).
No >> Go To 8
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSTICS 8E - 121
Possible Causes
ADDITIONAL MODULE ADDED/REMOVED FROM THE CAN B BUS NETWORK
Diagnostic Test
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(D72) CAN C DIAGNOSTIC (+) CIRCUIT SHORTED TO GROUND
FRONT CONTROL MODULE
Diagnostic Test
Possible Causes
(D71) CAN C DIAGNOSTIC (-) CIRCUIT SHORTED TO GROUND
FRONT CONTROL MODULE
Diagnostic Test
Possible Causes
(D72) CAN C DIAGNOSTIC (+) CIRCUIT SHORTED TO (D71) CAN C DIAGNOSTIC (-) CIRCUIT
FRONT CONTROL MODULE
Diagnostic Test
2. (D72) CAN C DIAGNOSTIC (+) CIRCUIT SHORTED TO (D71) CAN C DIAGNOSTIC (-) CIRCUIT
Turn the ignition off.
Disconnect the Front Control Module C1 harness connector.
Disconnect the scan tool from the DLC.
Measure the resistance between the (D72) CAN C Diagnostic (+) circuit
and the (D71) CAN C Diagnostic (-) circuit.
Is the resistance below 100.0 ohms?
Yes >> Repair the (D72) CAN C Diagnostic (+) circuit for a short to
the (D71) CAN C Diagnostic (-) circuit.
Perform BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1. (Refer to
BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1).
No >> Inspect the wiring and connectors for damage or shorted
circuits. If ok, replace the Front Control Module in accor-
dance with the service information.
Perform BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1. (Refer to
BODY VERIFICATION TEST – VER 1).
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSTICS 8E - 137
Possible Causes
(D71) CAN C DIAGNOSTIC (-) CIRCUIT OPEN
FRONT CONTROL MODULE
Diagnostic Test
Possible Causes
(D72) CAN C DIAGNOSTIC (+) CIRCUIT OPEN
FRONT CONTROL MODULE
Diagnostic Test
*BOTH CAN C DIAGNOSTIC (+) AND CAN C DIAGNOSTIC (-) CIRCUITS OPEN
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6. CHECK (R263) SEAT POSITION SENSOR VOLTAGE CIRCUIT FOR A SHORT TO GROUND
Turn the ignition off.
Measure the resistance between ground and the (R263) Seat Position Sensor Voltage circuit.
Is the resistance below 10k ohms?
Yes >>
NOTE: Do not attempt to repair the Seat Harness. Replace the Seat Harness if the condition inspecting or
testing for is present in the Seat Harness.
Replace the OCM and Driver Seat Position Sensor Harness in accordance with the service information.
Perform the OCS VERIFICATION TEST-VER 1.
No >> Go To 7
7. CHECK (R701) SEAT WEIGHT SENSOR 5 VOLTS CIRCUIT FOR A SHORT TO GROUND
Disconnect the Occupant Classification Module C2 harness connector.
Measure the resistance between ground and the (R701) Seat Weight Sensor 5 volt circuit.
Is the resistance below 10k ohms?
Yes >>
NOTE: Do not attempt to repair the Seat Harness. Replace the Seat Harness if the condition inspecting or
testing for is present in the Seat Harness.
Replace the OCM and Driver Seat Position Sensor Harness in accordance with the service information.
Perform the OCS VERIFICATION TEST-VER 1.
No >> Replace the Occupant Classification Module in accordance with the service information.
Perform the OCS VERIFICATION TEST-VER 1.
8E - 204 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - ELECTRICAL DIAGNOSTICS LX
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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NOTE: After a SKREEM/WCM is replaced, the ignition/transponder keys need to be programmed to the new
SKREEM/WCM. Follow the directions on the diagnostic scan tool. The transponder key for the SKREES/
SKIM and the RKE will both be programmed during this operation. There is no need to program the fob of
the key for RKE functionality once the transponder key is programmed to the new SKREEM/WCM.
NOTE: When a PCM and the SKREEM/WCM are replaced at the same time, perform the following steps in
order:
NOTE: Be certain to enter the correct country code for the SKREEM/WCM. If the incorrect country code is
programmed into the SKREEM/WCM, it cannot be changed and the SKREEM/WCM must be replaced.
NOTE: If the PCM and the SKREEM/WCM are replaced at the same time, all vehicle ignition keys will need
to be programmed into the new SKREEM/WCM.
NOTE: Programming the PCM or SKREEM/WCM is done using a diagnostic scan tool and a PIN to enter
secure access mode. If three attempts are made to enter secure access mode using an incorrect PIN,
secure access mode will be locked out for one hour. To exit this lockout mode, turn the ignition to the RUN
position for one hour then enter the correct PIN. (Ensure all accessories are turned OFF. Also monitor the
battery state and connect a battery charger if necessary).
NOTE: A maximum of eight keys can be learned to each SKREEM/WCM. Once a key is learned to a
SKREEM/WCM, that key has acquired the Secret Key for that SKREEM/WCM and cannot be used on any
other vehicle at the same time.
8E - 244 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION LX
If ignition key programming is unsuccessful, the scan tool will display one of the following error messages:
• Programming Not Attempted - The scan tool attempts to read the programmed key status and there are no
keys programmed into SKREEM memory.
• Programming Key Failed (Possible Used Key From Wrong Vehicle) - SKREEM/WCM is unable to program
an ignition key transponder due to one of the following:
− The ignition key transponder is faulty.
− The ignition key transponder is or has been already programmed to another vehicle.
• 8 Keys Already Learned, Programming Not Done - The SKREEM/FCM transponder ID memory is full.
• Learned Key In Ignition - The ID for the ignition key transponder currently in the ignition lock cylinder is
already programmed into SKREEM/WCM memory.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 245
OPERATION
The primary functions of the Antilock Brake Module (ABM) are to:
• Monitor the Antilock Brake System (ABS) and Electronic Stability Program (ESP) for proper operation.
• Detect wheel locking or wheel slipping tendencies by monitoring the speed of all four wheels of the vehicle.
• Control fluid modulation to the wheel brakes while the system is in ABS or traction control mode.
• Modulates fluid pressure to the wheel brakes to control vehicle yaw rate in ESP mode.
• Store diagnostic information.
• Provide communication to the scan tool while in diagnostic mode.
• Illuminate the amber TCS/ESP indicator in the instrument cluster.
The ABM constantly monitors the ABS and ESP (if equipped) for proper operation. If the ABM detects a fault, it will
turn on the amber TCS/ESP indicator and disable the ABS or ESP if so equipped. The normal base braking system
will remain operational at that time.
The ABM continuously monitors the speed of each wheel through the signals generated by the wheel speed sensors
to determine if any wheel is beginning to lock. When a wheel locking tendency is detected, the ABM commands the
ABM solenoid coils to actuate. The coils then open and close the valves in the HCU that modulate brake fluid
pressure in some or all of the hydraulic circuits. The ABM continues to control pressure in individual hydraulic cir-
cuits until a locking tendency is no longer present.
8E - 246 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION LX
REMOVAL
1. Disconnect negative (-) battery cable (2) from bat-
tery post and isolate.
INSTALLATION
1. Align ABM solenoids and pump/motor wiring con-
nector (4) with HCU valves (2) and connector pas-
sage. Slide ABM (1) onto HCU (3).
OPERATION
The primary functions of the Antilock Brake Module (ABM) are to:
• Monitor the Antilock Brake System (ABS) and Electronic Stability Program (ESP) for proper operation.
• Detect wheel locking or wheel slipping tendencies by monitoring the speed of all four wheels of the vehicle.
• Control fluid modulation to the wheel brakes while the system is in ABS or traction control mode.
• Modulates fluid pressure to the wheel brakes to control vehicle yaw rate in ESP mode.
• Store diagnostic information.
• Provide communication to the scan tool while in diagnostic mode.
• Illuminate the amber TCS/ESP indicator in the instrument cluster.
The ABM constantly monitors the ABS and ESP (if equipped) for proper operation. If the ABM detects a fault, it will
turn on the amber TCS/ESP indicator and disable the ABS or ESP if so equipped. The normal base braking system
will remain operational at that time.
The ABM continuously monitors the speed of each wheel through the signals generated by the wheel speed sensors
to determine if any wheel is beginning to lock. When a wheel locking tendency is detected, the ABM commands the
ABM solenoid coils to actuate. The coils then open and close the valves in the HCU that modulate brake fluid
pressure in some or all of the hydraulic circuits. The ABM continues to control pressure in individual hydraulic cir-
cuits until a locking tendency is no longer present.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 251
REMOVAL
1. Disconnect negative (-) battery cable (2) from bat-
tery post and isolate.
INSTALLATION
1. Clean any debris off the mating surfaces of the HCU and ABM.
CAUTION: When installing new O-rings or solenoid valve stem seals, do not use any type of lubricant.
COMMUNICATION
DESCRIPTION
The primary on-board communication network between microprocessor-based electronic control modules in this
vehicle is the Controller Area Network (CAN) data bus system. A data bus network minimizes redundant wiring con-
nections; and, at the same time, reduces wire harness complexity, sensor current loads and controller hardware by
allowing each sensing device to be connected to only one module (also referred to as a node). Each node reads,
then broadcasts its sensor data over the bus for use by all other nodes requiring that data. Each node ignores the
messages on the bus that it cannot use.
The CAN bus is a two-wire multiplex system. Multiplexing is any system that enables the transmission of multiple
messages over a single channel or circuit. The CAN bus is used for communication between all vehicle nodes.
However, in addition to the CAN bus network, certain nodes may also be equipped with a dedicated Serial Con-
troller Interface (SCI) or a K-Line serial link bus to provide direct communication between that node and certain
sensor inputs.
There are actually three separate CAN bus systems used in the vehicle. They are designated: the CAN-B, the
CAN-C and the Diagnostic CAN-C. The CAN-B and CAN-C systems provide on-board communication between all
nodes in the vehicle. The CAN-C is the faster of the two systems providing near real-time communication (500
Kbps), but is less fault tolerant than the CAN-B system. The CAN-C is used exclusively for communications
between critical powertrain and chassis nodes. The slower (83.3 Kbps), but more fault tolerant CAN-B system is
used for communications between body and interior nodes. The CAN-B fault tolerance comes from its ability to
revert to a single wire communication mode if there is a fault in the bus wiring.
The added speed of the CAN data bus is many times faster than previous data bus systems. This added speed
facilitates the addition of more electronic control modules or nodes and the incorporation of many new electrical and
electronic features in the vehicle. The Diagnostic CAN-C bus is also capable of 500 Kbps communication, and is
sometimes informally referred to as the CAN-D system to differentiate it from the other high speed CAN-C bus. The
Diagnostic CAN-C is used exclusively for the transmission of diagnostic information between the Front Control Mod-
ule/Central GateWay (FCM or FCMCGW) and a diagnostic scan tool connected to the industry-standard 16-way
Data Link Connector (DLC) located beneath the instrument panel on the driver side of the vehicle.
The FCM is located on the Integrated Power Module (IPM), which is located in the engine compartment near the
battery. The central CAN gateway or hub module integral to the FCM is connected to all three CAN buses. This
gateway physically and electrically isolates the CAN buses from each other and coordinates the bi-directional trans-
fer of messages between them.
OPERATION
The Controller Area Network (CAN) data bus allows all electronic modules or nodes connected to the bus to share
information with each other. Regardless of whether a message originates from a module on the low speed CAN-B
bus or on the high speed CAN-C or CAN-D bus, the message structure and layout is similar, which allows the Front
Control Module/Central GateWay (FCM or FCMCGW) to process and transfer messages between the buses. The
FCM also stores a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) for certain bus network faults.
All modules (also referred to as nodes) transmit and receive messages over one of these buses. Data exchange
between nodes is achieved by serial transmission of encoded data messages. Each node can both send and
receive serial data simultaneously. Bus messages are carried over the data bus in the form of Variable Pulse Width
Modulated (VPWM) signals which, when the high and low voltage pulses are strung together, form a message. Each
node uses arbitration to sort the message priority if two competing messages are attempting to be broadcast at the
same time.
The voltage network used to transmit messages requires biasing and termination. Each module on the bus network
provides its own biasing and termination. Each node terminates the bus through a terminating resistor and a ter-
minating capacitor. There are two types of nodes on the bus. The dominant node terminates the bus through a 1
KW resistor and a 3300 pF capacitor, typically resulting in about a 3300 ohm termination resistance. However, this
resistance value may vary somewhat by application. The FCM (or FCMCGW) is the only dominant node in this
network. A non-dominant (or recessive) node terminates the bus through an 11 KW resistor and a 330 pF capacitor,
typically resulting in about a 10800 ohm termination resistance.
The communication protocol being used for the CAN data bus is a non-proprietary, open standard adopted from the
Bosch CAN Specification 2.0b. The CAN-C is the faster of the two primary buses in the CAN bus system, providing
near real-time communication (500 Kbps).
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 259
The CAN bus nodes are connected in parallel to the two-wire bus using a twisted pair, where the wires are wrapped
around each other to provide shielding from unwanted electromagnetic induction, thus preventing interference with
the relatively low voltage signals being carried through them. The twisted pairs have between 33 and 50 twists per
meter. While the CAN bus is operating (active), one of the bus wires will carry a higher voltage and is referred to as
the CAN High or CAN bus (+) wire, while the other bus wire will carry a lower voltage and is referred to as the CAN
Low or CAN bus (–) wire. Refer to the CAN Bus Voltages table.
hardware failure, while the transceiver in each node on the CAN-B bus will identify a general bus hardware fail-
ure. The transceivers for some CAN-B nodes will also identify certain failures for both CAN-B bus signal wires.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 261
MODULE-DOOR
DESCRIPTION
The door modules control the express up and down
feature as well as normal window functions. It is used
only on vehicles equipped with the express up feature.
If equipped with memory system, the door module
controls the memory mirror. The modules are attached
to each front door trim panel.
OPERATION
If the vehicle is equipped with the Express Up power window feature there will be a door module on each front door
trim panel. The power window switches and motors are directly wired to the modules. If the vehicle is equipped with
the Memory System, the exterior power mirrors and switches are also directly wired to the modules along with the
rear door window switches. The modules are wired to the accessory delay relay which allows the operation of the
windows and mirrors for a given period of time after the ignition is turned off and providing the doors are not
opened. The modules communicate with each other and other modules on the vehicle via the CAN-B bus circuit.
There are several Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC’s) the modules will store if there are problems with the power
window system or the memory power mirror system.
ANTI-PINCH
The 9Anti-Pinch9 function is a safety feature that senses obstacles at the top of the glass and anywhere on the seal
where it meets the glass to close during the window closing operation. When a front window switch is pressed to
the 9Auto-Up9 position and the closing window traps an object and the sense current passes its limit, the module will
stop the motor and drive the window down approximately 200 millimeters. The pinch force is speed dependent
which means that if the vehicle is going over 2km per hour the pinch force will be higher than if the vehicle is
stopped.
PANIC MODE
If the window switch is held in the 9Auto-Up9 position and the closing window traps an object, the module will stop
the motor and when the switch is released will drive the window in the opposite direction approximately 10 millime-
ters. If within 8 seconds after the switch was released to the neutral position, the switch is held again to the 9Auto-
Up9 position, the module will enter the second panic mode. During the second panic mode, the module will drive the
motor with full (stall) force and stop. If within 8 seconds after the switch is released again to the neutral position, the
switch is held again to the 9Auto-Up9 position, the module will drive the motor again with full (stall) force and stop.
8E - 262 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION LX
REMOVAL
NOTE: A battery reconnect procedure must be per-
formed anytime the battery has been discon-
nected. (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/BATTERY
SYSTEM - STANDARD PROCEDURE).
INSTALLATION
NOTE: A battery reconnect procedure must be per-
formed anytime the battery has been discon-
nected. (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/BATTERY
SYSTEM - STANDARD PROCEDURE).
1. Position module.
2. Install and tighten mounting fasteners.
3. Connect electrical harness connectors.
4. Install door trim panel (Refer to 23 - BODY/DOOR
- FRONT/TRIM PANEL - INSTALLATION).
5. Connect battery negative cable.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 263
MODULE-ENGINE CONTROL
DESCRIPTION
The ECM is located in the left side of engine compart-
ment attached to the left inner fender behind the bat-
tery.
The electrical circuits at the ECM are split into two
separate wiring harnesses (vehicle and engine wiring
harness). The 58-pin connector is used for the vehicle
wiring harness. The 96-pin connector is for the engine
wiring harness.
The ECM connectors use slide locks. To remove the
ECM connectors, pull the slide locks sideways to the
end of their travel and lift the connectors.
A 32-bit microprocessor uses control algorithms to process the input signals and calculates the injected fuel based
on stored maps. The microprocessor triggers the driver stages for switching the output components. The ECM con-
tains the following data storage elements:
1. Flash EPROM—stores engine-specific curves, engine-management maps, and variant coding (engine and equip-
ment options).
2. EEPROM—stores immobilizer data, calibration and manufacturing data, adaptation values, operational faults and
variant coding.
3. RAM—stores variable data such as calculations data and input values.
8E - 264 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION LX
OPERATION
The ECM has been programmed to monitor different
circuits of the diesel fuel injection system. This moni-
toring is called on-board diagnostics. Certain criteria
must be met for a diagnostic trouble code to be
entered into the ECM memory. The criteria may be a
range of: engine rpm, engine temperature, time or
other input signals to the ECM. If all of the criteria for
monitoring a system or circuit are met, and a problem
is sensed, then a DTC will be stored in the ECM
memory. It is possible that a DTC for a monitored cir-
cuit may not be entered into the ECM memory, even
though a malfunction has occurred. This may happen
when the monitoring criteria have not been met. The
ECM compares input signal voltages from each input
device with specifications (the established high and
low limits of the input range) that are programmed into
it for that device. If the input voltage is not within the
specifications and other trouble code criteria are met,
a DTC will be stored in the ECM memory.
When the ignition is turned on, the ECM activates the glow plug relay for a time period that is determined by engine
coolant temperature, atmospheric temperature and battery voltage.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 265
The ECM uses the engine temperature sensor and the crankshaft position sensor (engine speed) inputs to deter-
mine fuel injection quantity.
Engine idle, warm-up, acceleration, deceleration and wide open throttle modes are controlled based on all of the
sensor inputs to the ECM. The ECM uses these sensor inputs to adjust fuel quantity and fuel injector timing.
Limp-In Mode
If there is a fault detected with the accelerator pedal position sensor, the ECM will set the engine speed at 1100
RPM.
If the ECM detects engine RPM that exceeds 5200 RPM, the ECM will set a DTC in memory and illuminate the MIL
until the DTC is cleared.
After-Run Mode
The ECM transfers RAM information to ROM and performs an Input/Output state check.
MONITORED CIRCUITS
The ECM is able to monitor and identify most driveability related trouble conditions. Some circuits are directly mon-
itored through ECM feedback circuitry. In addition, the ECM monitors the voltage state of some circuits and com-
pares those states with expected values. Other systems are monitored indirectly when the ECM conducts a
rationality test to identify problems. Although most subsytems of the engine control module are either directly or
indirectly monitored, there may be occasions when diagnostic trouble codes are not immediately identified. For a
trouble code to set, a specific set of conditions must occur and unless these conditions occur, a DTC will not set.
HARD CODE
A DTC that comes back within one cycle of the ignition key is a hard code. This means that the problem is current
every time the ECM/SKIM checks that circuit or function. Procedures in this manual verify if the DTC is a hard code
at the beginning of each test. When the fault is not a hard code, an intermittent test must be performed. NOTE: If
the DRBIIIT displays faults for multiple components (i.e. ECT, VSS, IAT sensors) identify and check the shared cir-
cuits for possible problems before continuing (i.e. sensor grounds or 5-volt supply circuits). Refer to the appropriate
schematic to identify shared circuits. Refer to the appropriate Diesel Powertrain Diagnostic Manual for more infor-
mation.
INTERMITTENT CODE
A DTC that is not current every time the ECM/SKIM checks the circuit or function is an intermittent code. Most
intermittent DTCs are caused by wiring or connector problems. Problems that come and go like this are the most
difficult to diagnose; they must be looked for under specific conditions that cause them. NOTE: Electromagnetic
(radio) interference can cause an intermittent system malfunction. This interference can interrupt communica-
tion between the ignition key transponder and the SKIM. The following checks may assist you in identifying a pos-
sible intermittent problem:
• Visually inspect the related wire harness connectors. Look for broken, bent, pushed out or corroded terminals.
• Visually inspect the related wire harness. Look for chafed, pierced or partially broken wire.
• Refer to hotlines or technical service bulletins that may apply.
Refer to the appropriate Diesel Powertrain Diagnostic Manual for more information.
8E - 266 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION LX
IMPORTANT NOTE: Before replacing the ECM for a failed driver, control circuit or ground circuit, be sure to check
the related component/circuit integrity for failures not detected due to a double fault in the circuit. Most ECM driver/
control circuit failures are caused by internal failures to components (i.e. relays and solenoids) and shorted circuits
(i.e. sensor pull-ups, drivers and ground circuits). These faults are difficult to detect when a double fault has
occurred and only one DTC has set. If the DRBIIIT displays faults for multiple components (i.e.VSS, ECT, Batt
Temp, etc.) identify and check the shared circuits for possible problems before continuing (i.e. sensor grounds or
5-volt supply circuits). Refer to the appropriate wiring diagrams to identify shared circuits. Refer to the appropriate
Diesel Powertrain Diagnostic Manual for more information.
ECM/SKIM PROGRAMMING
When a ECM and the SKIM are replaced at the same time perform the following steps in order:
1. Program the new ECM.
2. Program the new SKIM.
3. Replace all ignition keys and program them to the new SKIM.
ECM/SKIM PROGRAMMING
When an ECM and the SKIM are replaced at the same time perform the following steps in order:
1. Program the new SKIM.
2. Program the new ECM.
NOTE: Be sure to enter the correct country code. If the incorrect country code is programmed into SKIM,
the SKIM must be replaced.
6. Select YES to update VIN (the SKIM will learn the VIN from the PCM).
7. Press ENTER to transfer the secret key (the PCM will send the secret key to the SKIM).
8. Program ignition keys to SKIM.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 267
NOTE: If the ECM and the SKIM are replaced at the same time, all vehicle keys will need to be replaced and
programmed to the new SKIM.
NOTE: A maximum of eight keys can be learned to each SKIM. Once a key is learned to a SKIM it (the key)
cannot be transferred to another vehicle.
If ignition key programming is unsuccessful, the scan tool will display one of the following messages:
Programming Not Attempted - The scan tool attempts to read the programmed key status and there are no keys
programmed into SKIM memory.
Programming Key Failed (Possible Used Key From Wrong Vehicle) - SKIM is unable to program key due to one of
the following:
• faulty ignition key transponder
• ignition key is programmed to another vehicle.
8 Keys Already Learned, Programming Not Done - SKIM transponder ID memory is full.
5. Obtain ignition keys to be programmed from customer (8 keys maximum).
6. Using the scan tool, erase all ignition keys by selecting MISCELLANEOUS and ERASE ALL CURRENT IGN.
KEYS.
7. Program all ignition keys.
Learned Key In Ignition - Ignition key transponder ID is currently programmed in SKIM memory.
8E - 268 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION LX
REMOVAL
1. Disconnect negative battery cable.
2. Disconnect ECM electrical connectors (1).
3. Remove ECM bracket to inner fender retaining nuts
(5).
4. Remove ECM and bracket assembly from vehicle.
5. Separate ECM from bracket.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 269
INSTALLATION
1. Install ECM on bracket (3).
2. Position ECM and bracket assembly in vehicle.
3. Install ECM bracket to inner fender retaining nuts
(5).
4. Connect ECM electrical connectors (1).
5. Connect negative battery cable.
8E - 270 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION LX
MODULE-FRONT CONTROL
DESCRIPTION
The Front Control Module (FCM) is a micro controller
based module located in the right front corner of the
engine compartment. The front control module mates
to the power distribution center to form the Integrated
Power Module (IPM). The IPM connects directly to the
battery and provides the primary means of circuit pro-
tection and power distribution for all vehicle electrical
systems. The FCM controls power to some of these
vehicle systems electrical and electromechanical loads
based on inputs received from hard wired switch
inputs and data received on the CAN bus circuit.
OPERATION
As messages are sent over the CAN bus circuit, the Front Control Module (FCM) reads these messages and con-
trols power to some of the vehicles electrical systems by completing the circuit to ground (low side driver) or com-
pleting the circuit to 12 volt power (high side driver). The following functions are controlled by the FCM:
• Air conditioning condenser cooling fan
• Daytime running lamps - if equipped
• Fog Lamps
• Front and rear hazard warning lamps
• Front turn signals
• Headlamps
• Horn
• Radiator fans
• Rear window defroster power and timing
• Stop, turn signal and tail lamps
• Windshield and liftgate wiper and washer systems
The FCM provides the following features for the above function:
• Acts as a link between the CAN bus network for critical powertrain, anti-lock brake systems, electronic stability
program systems and the network for body and interior modules.
• Controls the wipers based on messages on the CAN B bus from the rain sensor module (if equipped).
• Controls the adjustable pedal motor on non-memory equipped vehicles.
• Controls back-up lamps.
• Flashes lamps in response to turn signal, Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) and Vehicle Theft Security System
(VTSS) inputs.
• Illuminated approach feature that turns the headlamps on when the vehicle is unlocked with the Remote Key-
less Entry (RKE) transmitter.
• Minimizes voltage variations to the headlamps to extend bulb life and to equalize the light output from the
lamps, which might otherwise differ due to variations in wiring resistance.
• Monitors battery voltage and turns off non-essential functions such as the fog lamps, rear window defogger,
and heated seats if necessary to conserve battery power.
• Operates the high-beam headlamps at reduced intensity by pulse-width modulation of the power supply to pro-
vide the daytime running lamps.
• Protects the battery from discharge if the headlamps are left on, by automatically turning them off after eight
minutes.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 271
REMOVAL
NOTE: A battery reconnect procedure must be per-
formed anytime the battery has been disconnected.
(Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/BATTERY SYSTEM -
STANDARD PROCEDURE).
1. Disconnect and isolate the battery negative cable.
2. Remove mounting fasteners.
3. Disconnect electrical connectors and remove Front
Control Module (FCM).
INSTALLATION
NOTE: A battery reconnect procedure must be per-
formed anytime the battery has been disconnected.
(Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/BATTERY SYSTEM -
STANDARD PROCEDURE).
1. Position Front Control Module (FCM) and connect
electrical connectors.
2. Install and tighten mounting fasteners.
3. Connect battery negative cable.
8E - 274 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION LX
MODULE-SEAT MEMORY
DESCRIPTION
NOTE: The scan tool standardization process
must be performed on the Memory Seat Module
(MSM) any time a new module is installed or the
existing module is reflashed.
OPERATION
The Memory Seat Module (MSM) receives battery current through a 25 amp circuit breaker in the Power Distribution
Center (PDC) so that the memory system remains operational, regardless of the ignition switch position. When the
driver memory switch button is pushed, a resistance signal is sent to the MSM via the Controller Area Network
(CAN) bus circuit. The MSM is responsible for the 12v battery feed and ground path to the power seat adjuster
motor and other memory system components.
The MSM receives memory set/position switch input through the CAN bus circuit. The MSM also receives hard
wired input from the hall effect sensors, mounted on each of the driver power seat adjuster motors and the driver
side view mirror motor. The programmed software in the module allows it to know where the seat, adjustable ped-
als, and steering column tilt/telescope are located in its designed travel by a pulse count generated from the hall
effect sensors. This way, when the memory switch is depressed the module will power these components until the
correct preset location is achieved. The module will prevent the seat memory recall function from being initiated, if
the transmission gear selector lever is not in the Park position, or if the vehicle is moving. These inputs are mon-
itored over the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus circuit by the MSM.
A memory setting is saved by pressing the “set” button, then pressing either the memory “1” or “2” button within 5
seconds of pressing the “set” button.
A memory setting is recalled by pressing either the memory “1” or “2” button, or by pressing the unlock button on
a “linked” Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) transmitter.
For driver safety, memorized settings can not be recalled if the transmission is in a position other than Park or the
seat belt is latched.
The MSM performs the following functions:
• Positions the driver power seat (vertical, horizontal, and recliner positions).
• Positions the power adjustable pedals.
• Positions the power tilt/telescopic steering column positions.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 275
• Sends the memory save or recall (#1 or #2) command over the CAN data bus circuit to the other memory
system components, radio station pre-sets and power mirror positions.
• Provides for “linking” the key FOBs to memory.
• Provides for the easy entry/exit feature.
• Provides the tilt mirrors in reverse feature.
When a memory button is pressed (#1 or #2) on the memory switch, the Driver Door Module (DDM) sends a recall
message to the MSM. The MSM will then position the memory system components to the preprogrammed location/
setting. When the Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) Transmitter button is pressed, depending on which transmitter (#1
or #2), the SKREEM (RKE Receiver) sends the recall request and FOB number (#1 or #2) data message. This RKE
transmitter function depends on if the MSM is programmed to trigger the recall (linked FOBs).
A memory setting is saved by pressing the “set “ button, then pressing either the memory “1” or “2” button within 5
seconds of pressing the “set” button.
A memory setting is recalled by pressing either the memory “1” or “2” button, or by pressing the unlock button on
a “linked” Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) transmitter.
For driver safety, memorized settings can not be recalled if the transmission is in any position other than park or the
seat belt is latched.
A key FOB is “linked” to a memory setting by pressing the “set” button and then pressing either the memory “1” or
“2” button within 5 seconds of pressing the set button, and then, with the key removed from the cylinder, pressing
the “lock” button on the selected key FOB.
The memory system “Easy Entry and Exit” feature provides the driver with more room to enter or exit the vehicle.
This is a customer programmable feature of the overhead console. When the seat is in a memorized position, it will
move rearward 55 millimeters or to the end of its travel, whichever occurs first, when the key is removed from the
ignition switch lock cylinder. A lock out zone of 60 millimeters has been established to protect rear passengers from
injury. If the memorized seat position is within the lock out zone the Easy Exit/Entry seat glide feature is disabled.
The seat will return to the memory position when the driver turns the vehicle’s ignition switch out of the LOCK
position.
The memory system 9Tilt in Reverse9 feature tilts the outside mirrors down a fixed, incremental angle when the
vehicle is shifted into REVERSE with the ignition switch in the RUN position. This feature provides the customer
with a better view of the ground and vehicle in the area of the rear tires when backing up. The mirrors move back
to their previous position when the vehicle is shifted out of REVERSE.
The memory system “learns” the seat and adjustable pedal motor maximum end positions when the motor reaches
the limit of travel in any direction and stalls. Subsequently, movement will stop just short of that position to avoid
extra stress on the motors and mechanisms. If the system learned a maximum position as a result of an obstruction,
as for instance if a large object was placed on the floor behind the seat, the system can relearn the “true” maximum
position through manually operating the power seat after the obstruction is removed.
NOTE: It is normal for the power accessories contained in the memory system to stop at the maximum
“learned” position and then continue to the “true” maximum position when the control switch is released
and then applied in the same direction a second time.
Certain functions and features of the memory system rely upon resources shared with other electronic modules in
the vehicle over the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. The CAN bus allows the sharing of sensor information.
This helps to reduce wire harness complexity, internal controller hardware, and component sensor current loads. At
the same time, this system provides increased reliability, enhanced diagnostics, and allows the addition of many
new feature capabilities. For diagnosis of these electronic modules or of the CAN bus, the use of a scan tool and
the proper diagnostic information are needed.
NOTE: Vehicles equipped with the memory/heated seat option utilize a low voltage cut-off feature. This fea-
ture turns off the 12v power to the power seat system anytime vehicle voltage is below 11.7v. Be certain to
check the vehicle electrical system for proper voltage anytime the power seat system appears inoperative.
Before any testing of the power seat system is attempted, the battery should be fully-charged.
REMOVAL
1. Disconnect and isolate the battery negative cable.
2. Remove the driver seat cushion/cover (2) (Refer to
23 - BODY/SEATS/SEAT CUSHION COVER -
REMOVAL).
3. Pivot the module upward and disconnect the elec-
trical connectors (1).
4. Unsnap the memory seat module (4) from the side
brackets.
5. Pull the module rearward to remove it from the
front of the seat frame (3).
INSTALLATION
CAUTION: The Memory Seat Module (MSM) mounting tabs can be damaged during module installation. Use
care to properly align tabs to prevent binding that could result in tab breakage.
MODULE-STEERING CONTROL
DESCRIPTION
The Steering Control Module (SCM) is the module
located in the bottom of the Steering Column Control
Module (SCCM), retained by three screws, and is the
mating point for all the switches (remote radio
switches, horn, speed control, steering angle sensor,
tilt/telescopic switch, multi-function switch, clockspring)
located in the SCCM. The SCM is screwed directly to
the bottom of the multi-function switch. All the other
switches are mounted on top of the multi-function
switch.
OPERATION
The Steering Control Module (SCM) communicates via the Local Interconnect Network (LIN) serial data bus. This is
an ultra-low voltage serial data bus that allows the following components to communicate with the Controller Area
Network (CAN) B and C data buses.
• Steering Wheel Switches
• Horn
• Speed Control Switch
• Multi-function Switch
• Tilt/Telescoping Switch (if equipped)
• Steering Angle Sensor (if equipped with Electronic Stability Program (ESP))
• Steering Control Module (SCM)
The SCM changes the LIN communication to CAN communication and also stores Diagnostic Trouble Codes
(DTC’s) for the switches within the SCCM.
For removal and installation, disassembly and assembly of the SCCM, refer to the following:
NOTE: For Steering Column Module (SCM) removal and installation, refer to the disassembly and assembly
procedures for the Steering Column Control Module (SCCM).
MODULE-POWERTRAIN CONTROL
DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION - PCM
The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) is located in
the engine compartment. The PCM is referred to as
NGC.
MODES OF OPERATION
As input signals to the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) change, the PCM adjusts its response to the output
devices. For example, the PCM must calculate different injector pulse width and ignition timing for idle than it does
for wide open throttle (WOT).
The PCM will operate in two different modes: Open Loop and Closed Loop.
During Open Loop modes, the PCM receives input signals and responds only according to preset PCM program-
ming. Input from the oxygen (O2S) sensors is not monitored during Open Loop modes.
During Closed Loop modes, the PCM will monitor the oxygen (O2S) sensors input. This input indicates to the PCM
whether or not the calculated injector pulse width results in the ideal air-fuel ratio. This ratio is 14.7 parts air-to-1
part fuel. By monitoring the exhaust oxygen content through the O2S sensor, the PCM can fine tune the injector
pulse width. This is done to achieve optimum fuel economy combined with low emission engine performance.
The fuel injection system has the following modes of operation:
• Ignition switch ON
• Engine start-up (crank)
• Engine warm-up
• Idle
• Cruise
• Acceleration
• Deceleration
• Wide open throttle (WOT)
• Ignition switch OFF
The ignition switch On, engine start-up (crank), engine warm-up, acceleration, deceleration and wide open throttle
modes are Open Loop modes. The idle and cruise modes, (with the engine at operating temperature) are Closed
Loop modes.
• The PCM monitors the engine coolant temperature sensor input. The PCM modifies fuel strategy based on this
input.
• Intake manifold air temperature sensor input is monitored.
• Throttle position sensor (TPS) is monitored.
• The auto shutdown (ASD) relay is energized by the PCM for approximately three seconds.
• The fuel pump is energized through the fuel pump relay by the PCM. The fuel pump will operate for approx-
imately three seconds unless the engine is operating or the starter motor is engaged.
• The O2S sensor heater element is energized via the O2S relays. The O2S sensor input is not used by the
PCM to calibrate air-fuel ratio during this mode of operation.
IDLE MODE
When the engine is at operating temperature, this is a Closed Loop mode. At idle speed, the PCM receives inputs
from:
• Air conditioning select signal (if equipped)
• Air conditioning request signal (if equipped)
• Battery voltage
• Crankshaft position sensor
• Engine coolant temperature sensor
• Intake manifold air temperature sensor
• Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor
• Throttle position sensor (TPS)
• Camshaft position sensor signal
• Battery voltage
• Park/neutral switch (gear indicator signal—auto. trans. only)
• Oxygen sensors
Based on these inputs, the following occurs:
• Voltage is applied to the fuel injectors with the ASD relay via the PCM. The PCM will then control injection
sequence and injector pulse width by turning the ground circuit to each individual injector on and off.
• The PCM monitors the O2S sensor input and adjusts air-fuel ratio by varying injector pulse width. It also
adjusts engine idle speed through the idle air control (IAC) motor.
• The PCM adjusts ignition timing by increasing and decreasing spark advance.
• The PCM operates the A/C compressor clutch through the clutch relay. This happens if A/C has been selected
by the vehicle operator and requested by the A/C thermostat.
CRUISE MODE
When the engine is at operating temperature, this is a Closed Loop mode. At cruising speed, the PCM receives
inputs from:
• Air conditioning select signal (if equipped)
• Air conditioning request signal (if equipped)
• Battery voltage
• Engine coolant temperature sensor
• Crankshaft position sensor
• Intake manifold air temperature sensor
• Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor
• Throttle position sensor (TPS)
• Camshaft position sensor signal
• Park/neutral switch (gear indicator signal—auto. trans. only)
• Oxygen (O2S) sensors
Based on these inputs, the following occurs:
• Voltage is applied to the fuel injectors with the ASD relay via the PCM. The PCM will then adjust the injector
pulse width by turning the ground circuit to each individual injector on and off.
• The PCM monitors the O2S sensor input and adjusts air-fuel ratio.
• The PCM adjusts ignition timing by turning the ground path to the coils on and off.
• The PCM operates the A/C compressor clutch through the clutch relay. This happens if A/C has been selected
by the vehicle operator and requested by the A/C thermostat.
ACCELERATION MODE
This is an Open Loop mode. The PCM recognizes an abrupt increase in throttle position or MAP pressure as a
demand for increased engine output and vehicle acceleration. The PCM increases injector pulse width in response
to increased throttle opening.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 281
DECELERATION MODE
When the engine is at operating temperature, this is an Open Loop mode. During hard deceleration, the PCM
receives the following inputs.
• Air conditioning select signal (if equipped)
• Air conditioning request signal (if equipped)
• Battery voltage
• Engine coolant temperature sensor
• Crankshaft position sensor
• Intake manifold air temperature sensor
• Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor
• Throttle position sensor (TPS)
• Camshaft position sensor signal
• Park/neutral switch (gear indicator signal—auto. trans. only)
• Vehicle speed
If the vehicle is under hard deceleration with the proper rpm and closed throttle conditions, the PCM will ignore the
oxygen sensor input signal. The PCM will enter a fuel cut-off strategy in which it will not supply a ground to the
injectors. If a hard deceleration does not exist, the PCM will determine the proper injector pulse width and continue
injection.
The PCM adjusts ignition timing by turning the ground path to the coils on and off.
5 VOLT SUPPLIES
Two different Powertrain Control Module (PCM) five volt supply circuits are used; primary and secondary.
POWER GROUNDS
The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) has 2 main grounds. Both of these grounds are referred to as power
grounds. All of the high-current, noisy, electrical devices are connected to these grounds as well as all of the sensor
returns. The sensor return comes into the sensor return circuit, passes through noise suppression, and is then con-
nected to the power ground.
8E - 282 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION LX
The power ground is used to control ground circuits for the following PCM loads:
• Generator field winding
• Fuel injectors
• Ignition coil(s)
• Certain relays/solenoids
• Certain sensors
SENSOR RETURN
The Sensor Return circuits are internal to the Powertrain Control Module (PCM).
Sensor Return provides a low–noise ground reference for all engine control system sensors. Refer to Power
Grounds for more information.
OPERATION
OPERATION - PCM
1. Also refer to Modes of Operation.
The PCM operates the fuel system. The PCM is a pre-programmed, triple microprocessor digital computer. It reg-
ulates ignition timing, air-fuel ratio, emission control devices, charging system, certain transmission features, speed
control, air conditioning compressor clutch engagement and idle speed. The PCM can adapt its programming to
meet changing operating conditions.
The PCM receives input signals from various switches and sensors. Based on these inputs, the PCM regulates
various engine and vehicle operations through different system components. These components are referred to as
Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Outputs. The sensors and switches that provide inputs to the PCM are consid-
ered Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Inputs.
The PCM adjusts ignition timing based upon inputs it receives from sensors that react to: engine rpm, manifold
absolute pressure, engine coolant temperature, throttle position, transmission gear selection (automatic transmis-
sion), vehicle speed and the brake switch.
The PCM adjusts idle speed based on inputs it receives from sensors that react to: throttle position, vehicle speed,
transmission gear selection, engine coolant temperature and from inputs it receives from the air conditioning clutch
switch and brake switch.
Based on inputs that it receives, the PCM adjusts ignition coil dwell. The PCM also adjusts the generator charge
rate through control of the generator field and provides speed control operation.
• A/C request
• Auto shutdown (ASD) sense
• Battery temperature
• Battery voltage
• Brake switch
• J1850 bus circuits
• Camshaft position sensor signal
• Crankshaft position sensor
• Data link connections for scan tool
• Engine coolant temperature sensor
• Five volts (primary)
• Five volts (secondary)
• Fuel level
• Generator (battery voltage) output
• Ignition circuit sense (ignition switch in on/off/crank/run position)
• Intake manifold air temperature sensor
• Leak detection pump (switch) sense (if equipped)
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 283
5 VOLT SUPPLIES
Primary 5-volt supply:
• supplies the required 5 volt power source to the Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor.
• supplies the required 5 volt power source to the Camshaft Position (CMP) sensor.
• supplies a reference voltage for the Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor.
• supplies a reference voltage for the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) sensor.
Secondary 5-volt supply:
8E - 284 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION LX
• supplies the required 5 volt power source to the oil pressure sensor.
• supplies the required 5 volt power source for the Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) (if equipped).
• supplies the 5 volt power source to the transmission pressure sensor (if equipped with an RE automatic trans-
mission).
Diagnostic Test
Diagnostic Test
Diagnostic Test
Diagnostic Test
Diagnostic Test
Diagnostic Test
STANDARD PROCEDURE
TCM QUICK LEARN - 42RLE Only
The quick learn procedure requires the use of the appropriate scan tool.
This program allows the electronic transmission system to recalibrate itself. This will provide the proper transmission
operation. The quick learn procedure should be performed if any of the following procedures are performed:
• Transmission Assembly Replacement
• Transmission Control Module Replacement
• Solenoid Pack Replacement
• Clutch Plate and/or Seal Replacement
• Valve Body Replacement or Recondition
To perform the Quick Learn Procedure, the following conditions must be met:
8E - 292 ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION LX
REMOVAL
USE THE SCAN TOOL TO REPROGRAM THE NEW POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE (PCM) WITH THE
VEHICLES ORIGINAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) AND THE VEHICLES ORIGINAL MILEAGE. IF THIS
STEP IS NOT DONE, A DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE (DTC) MAY BE SET.
To avoid possible voltage spike damage to PCM, ignition key must be off, and negative battery cable must be dis-
connected before unplugging PCM connectors.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 293
INSTALLATION
USE THE SCAN TOOL TO REPROGRAM THE NEW POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE (PCM) WITH THE
VEHICLES ORIGINAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN) AND THE VEHICLES ORIGINAL MILEAGE. IF THIS
STEP IS NOT DONE, A DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE (DTC) MAY BE SET.
1. Install rubber bumper to PCM back.
2. Check pins in electrical connectors for damage.
Repair as necessary.
3. Install electrical connectors to PCM.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 295
MODULE-TRANSMISSION CONTROL
DESCRIPTION
TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE - 42RLE
The Transmission Control Module (TCM) is a sub-
module within the Powertrain Control Module (PCM).
The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) is located in
the right rear of the engine compartment, just in front
of the windshield.
for left hand drive vehicles. For right hand drive vehicles, the TCM is located in the mirrored location under the right
side of the instrument panel.
OPERATION
TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE - 42RLE
The Transmission Control Module (TCM) controls all electronic operations of the transmission. The TCM receives
information regarding vehicle operation from both direct and indirect inputs, and selects the operational mode of the
transmission. Direct inputs are hard wired to, and used specifically by the TCM. Indirect inputs are shared with the
TCM via the vehicle communication bus.
Some examples of direct inputs to the TCM are:
• Battery (B+) voltage
• Ignition “ON” voltage
• Transmission Control Relay (Switched B+)
• Throttle Position Sensor
• Crankshaft Position Sensor
• Transmission Range Sensor
• Pressure Switches
• Transmission Temperature Sensor
• Input Shaft Speed Sensor
• Output Shaft Speed Sensor
• Line Pressure Sensor
Some examples of indirect inputs to the TCM are:
• Engine/Body Identification
• Manifold Pressure
• Target Idle
• Torque Reduction Confirmation
• Engine Coolant Temperature
• Ambient/Battery Temperature
• Scan Tool Communication
Based on the information received from these various inputs, the TCM determines the appropriate shift schedule
and shift points, depending on the present operating conditions and driver demand. This is possible through the
control of various direct and indirect outputs.
Some examples of TCM direct outputs are:
• Transmission Control Relay
• Solenoids
• Torque Reduction Request
Some examples of TCM indirect outputs are:
• Transmission Temperature (to PCM)
• PRNDL Position (to cluster/CCN)
In addition to monitoring inputs and controlling outputs, the TCM has other important responsibilities and functions:
• Storing and maintaining Clutch Volume Indexes (CVI)
• Storing and selecting appropriate Shift Schedules
• System self-diagnostics
• Diagnostic capabilities (with scan tool)
NOTE: If the TCM has been replaced, the “Quick Learn Procedure” must be performed. (Refer to 8 - ELEC-
TRICAL/ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES/TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE - STANDARD PROCE-
DURE)
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BATTERY FEED
A fused, direct battery feed to the TCM is used for continuous power. This battery voltage is necessary to retain
memory in the TCM. When the battery (B+) is disconnected, this memory is lost. When the battery (B+) is restored,
this memory loss is detected by the TCM and a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) is set.
CLUTCH VOLUMES
Clutch When Updated Proper Clutch Volume
L/R 2-1 or 3-1 downshift 45 to 134
2C 3-2 kickdown shift 25 to 85
OD 2-3 upshift 30 to 100
4C 3-4 upshift 30 to 85
UD 4-3 kickdown shift 30 to 100
SHIFT SCHEDULES
As mentioned earlier, the TCM has programming that allows it to select a variety of shift schedules. Shift schedule
selection is dependent on the following:
• Shift lever position
• Throttle position
• Engine load
• Fluid temperature
• Software level
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As driving conditions change, the TCM appropriately adjusts the shift schedule. Refer to the following chart to deter-
mine the appropriate operation expected, depending on driving conditions.
NOTE: If the TCM has been replaced, the “TCM Adaptation Procedure” must be performed. (Refer to 8 -
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES/TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE - STANDARD PRO-
CEDURE)
TCM SIGNALS
The TCM registers one part of the input signals by direct inputs, the other part by CAN bus. In addition to the direct
control of the actuators, the TCM sends various output signals by CAN bus to other control modules.
A series of sensors in the SLA inform the TCM of the position of the selector lever.
The TCM monitors the SLA for all shift lever positions through five position circuits. The SLA provides a low-current
12-volt signal to the TCM. The TCM compares the on/off signals to programmed combinations to determine the
exact position of the shift lever.
The ATF temperature sensor is a positive temperature co-efficient (PTC) thermistor. It measures the temperature of
the transmission fluid and is a direct input signal for the TCM. The temperature of the ATF has an influence on the
shifttime and resulting shift quality. As the temperature rises, resistance rises, and therefore, the probing voltage is
decreasing. Because of its registration, the shifting process can be optimized in all temperature ranges.
The ATF temperature sensor is wired in series with the park/neutral contact. The temperature signal is transmitted
to the TCM only when the reed contact of the park/neutral contact is closed because the TCM only reads ATF
temperature while in any forward gear, or REVERSE. When the transmission is in PARK or NEUTRAL, the TCM will
substitute the engine temperature for the ATF temperature.
Starter Interlock
The TCM monitors a contact switch wired in series with the transmission temperature sensor to determine PARK
and NEUTRAL positions. The contact switch is open in PARK and NEUTRAL. The TCM senses transmission tem-
perature as high (switch supply voltage), confirming switch status as open. The TCM then broadcasts a message
over CAN bus to confirm switch status. The PCM receives this information and allows operation of the starter circuit.
The N2 and N3 Input Speed Sensors are two Hall-effect speed sensors that are mounted internally in the trans-
mission and are used by the TCM to calculate the transmission’s input speed. Since the input speed cannot be
measured directly, two of the drive elements are measured. Two input speed sensors were required because both
drive elements are not active in all gears.
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A 2.5-volt bias (operating voltage) is present on the CAN bus any time the ignition switch is in the RUN position.
Both the TCM and the ABS apply this bias. On this vehicle, the CAN bus is used for module data exchange only.
The indirect inputs used on the NAG1 electronic control system are:
• Wheel Speed Sensors.
• Transfer Case Switch Status.
• Brake Switch.
• Engine RPM.
• Engine Temperature.
• Cruise Control Status.
• Gear Limit Request.
• Throttle Position - 0% at idle, 100% at WOT. If open, TCM assumes idle (0% throttle opening).
• Odometer Mileage
• Maximum Effective Torque.
• Engine in Limp-In Mode/Mileage Where DTC Was Set.
SHIFT SCHEDULES
The basic shift schedule includes up and downshifts for all five gears. The TCM adapts the shift program according
to driving style, accelerator pedal position and deviation of vehicle speed. Influencing factors are:
• Road Conditions.
• Incline, Decline and Altitude.
• Trailer Operation, Loading.
• Engine Coolant Temperature.
• Cruise Control Operation.
• Sporty Driving Style.
• Low and High ATF Temperature.
DOWNSHIFT SAFETY
Selector lever downshifts are not performed if inadmissible high engine rpm is sensed.
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ADAPTATION
To equalize tolerances and wear, an automatic adaptation takes place for:
• Shift Time.
• Clutch Filling Time.
• Clutch Filling Pressure.
• Torque Converter Lock-Up Control.
Adaptation data may be stored permanently and to some extent, can be diagnosed.
The shift point is modified in steps based on the information from the inputs. The control module looks at inputs
such as:
• vehicle acceleration and deceleration (calculated by the TCM).
• rate of change as well as the position of the throttle pedal (fuel injection information from the PCM).
• lateral acceleration (calculated by the TCM).
• gear change frequency (how often the shift occurs).
Based on how aggressive the driver is, the TCM moves up the shift so that the present gear is held a little longer
before the next upshift. If the driving style is still aggressive, the shift point is modified up to ten steps. If the driving
returns to normal, then the shift point modification also returns to the base position.
This adaptation has no memory. The adaptation to driving style is nothing more than a shift point modification meant
to assist an aggressive driver. The shift points are adjusted for the moment and return to base position as soon as
the inputs are controlled in a more normal manner.
When the TCM determines there is a non-recoverable condition present that does not allow proper transmission
operation, it places the transmission in permanent Limp-In Mode. When the condition occurs the TCM turns off all
solenoids as well as the solenoid supply output circuit. If this occurs while the vehicle is moving, the transmission
remains in the current gear position until the ignition is turned off or the shifter is placed in the 9P9 position. When
the shifter has been placed in 9P,9 the transmission only allows 2nd gear operation. If this occurs while the vehicle
is not moving, the transmission only allows operation in 2nd gear.
This mode is the same as the permanent Limp-In Mode except if the condition is no longer present, the system
resumes normal operation.
When the TCM detects that system voltage has dropped below 8.5 volts, it disables voltage-dependant diagnostics
and places the transmission in the temporary Limp-In Mode. When the TCM senses that the voltage has risen
above 9.0 volts, normal transmission operation is resumed.
When the TCM detects a major internal error, the transmission is placed in the permanent Limp-In Mode and
ceases all communication over the CAN bus. When the TCM has entered this mode normal transmission operation
does not resume until all DTCs are cleared from the TCM.
Loss of Drive
If the TCM detects a situation that has resulted or may result in a catastrophic engine or transmission problem, the
transmission is placed in the neutral position. Improper Ratio, Input Sensor Overspeed or Engine Overspeed DTCs
cause the loss of drive.
LX ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULES - SERVICE INFORMATION 8E - 303
When a failure does not require the TCM to shut down the solenoid supply, but the failure is severe enough that the
TCM places the transmission into a predefined gear, there are several shift performance concerns. For instance, if
the transmission is slipping, the controller tries to place the transmission into 3rd gear and maintain 3rd gear for all
forward drive conditions.
STANDARD PROCEDURE
TCM QUICK LEARN - 42RLE Only
The quick learn procedure requires the use of the appropriate scan tool.
This program allows the electronic transmission system to recalibrate itself. This will provide the proper transmission
operation. The quick learn procedure should be performed if any of the following procedures are performed:
• Transmission Assembly Replacement
• Transmission Control Module Replacement
• Solenoid Pack Replacement
• Clutch Plate and/or Seal Replacement
• Valve Body Replacement or Recondition
To perform the Quick Learn Procedure, the following conditions must be met:
• The brakes must be applied
• The engine speed must be above 500 rpm
• The throttle angle (TPS) must be less than 3 degrees
• The shift lever position must stay in PARK until prompted to shift to overdrive
• The shift lever position must stay in overdrive after the Shift to Overdrive prompt until the scan tool indicates
the procedure is complete.
• The calculated oil temperature must be above 60° and below 200°
NOTE: Perform the Coast Down Adaptations first. The Transmission Temperature must be greater than 60°C
(140°F) and less than 70°C (158°F). Failure to stay within these temperature ranges will void the procedure.
2. Drive the vehicle until the transmission temperature is in the specified range.
3. Perform 4 to 5 coast downs from 5th to 4th gear and then 4th to 3rd gear.
NOTE: For Upshift adaptation, the Transmission temperature must be greater than 60°C (140°F) and less
than 100°C (212°F). Failure to stay within these temperature ranges will void this procedure.
4. From a stop, moderately accelerate the vehicle and obtain all forward gear ranges while keeping the Engine
RPM below 1800 RPM. Repeat this procedure 4 to 5 times.
5. Obtaining 5th gear may be difficult at 1800 RPM. Allow the transmission to shift into 5th gear at a higher RPM
then lower the RPM to 1800 and perform manual shifts between 4th and 5th gears using the shift lever.
6. The TCM will store the adaptives every 10 minutes. After completion of the adaptation procedure make sure the
vehicle stays running for at least 10 minutes.
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7. It is possible to manually store the adaptives under the 10 minute time frame using the scan tool Store Adaptives
procedure.